Cairo Water Week 2019
Cairo 20th-24th October 2019
Plenary Session 1: “Achieving the SDGs under Water Scarcity”
Sunday 20/10/19 (9:30-12:00)
The panelists of this session brought broad perspectives to respond to the many water-related linkages across all the SDGs.
Panelists
• Ms. Bianca Nijhof, Director of the Netherlands Water Partnership, board member of the Amsterdam International Water Week, The Netherlands
• H.E. Mr. Mohamed AbdEl Aty, Minister of water resources and irrigation, Egypt
• Eng. Yousef Al Aitan, Ministry of the Environment and water Resources, Jordan – ‘Sustainable Development Platform of Water & Sanitation in Jordan’
• Eng. Eweda Morshed, Chairman of the Department of Energy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
• Dr. Felix Reinders, President of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID)
• Mr. Aly Abousabaa, Director General ICARDA, ‘DryArc Initiative: Systemic innovation to achieve the SDGs under water scarcity in the drylands’ (tbc)
• Mr. Manuel Sapiano, Chief Executive Officer at The Energy and Water Agency, Malta
3. icarda.org 3
BY 2050 –
Population expected
to increase from 0.9
billion to 1.4 billion
people in CWANA
Young people constitute
20% of total population
in CWANA, and this
number will grow .
Increase in
population will cause
increased
pressure under
water, food and other
resources
Rainfall is expected
to decline
throughout North
Africa and West Asia
4. 4
About 80% of total
fresh water is consumed by
agriculture, on average
Water availability per capita
Our basic well-being
requires a minimum
2,000 m3/year of water
per capita
Set to drop to 550 m3/year by 2050
MENA’s biggest challenge: WATER SCARCITY
8. Increased complexity
High unemployment,
unrest and migration
Food and nutrition insecurity
Demographic changes, gender
inequality
Land degradation and desertification
Loss of agrobiodiversity
High water scarcity and low efficiently
Double impact of climate change; increasing
temperature and reducing precipitation
Urbanization and heat islands
Conflicts and Fragility
Malnutrition
High Population
Land Degradation
Loss of Biodiversity
Water Scarcity
Climate change
9. Increased marginal areas
In general, the global area of drylands is
expected to expand as the climate warms.
Projections under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5
emissions scenarios suggest drylands will
increase by 11% and 23%, respectively,
compared to 1961-90.
This would mean drylands could make up either
50% or 56%, respectively, of the Earth’s land
surface by the end of this century, up from
around 38% today.
Carbon brief 06/08/2019
10. We need to move faster
Only 10 harvests before 2030
11. We need to adapt
The number of people who may
lack sufficient water, at least one
month per year, will soar from 3.6
billion today to more than 5 billion
by 2050.
Rising seas and greater storm
surges could force hundreds of
millions of people in coastal cities
from their homes, with a total cost
to coastal urban areas of more than
$1 trillion each year by 2050.
12. Water for agriculture matters
85 80
70
53
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1990 2000 2025 2050
Cubicmeterpercapita
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
%oftotalwaterresources
% Agriculture share of total
Total available water per capita
Agriculture share of water per capita
North Africa
Agriculture uses most of the water
Agricultural water is declining
Mostly used with low efficiency
15. An estimated 85% less water use if all
greenhouse tomato production changes to
soilless in Abu Dhabi
48 kg/m3
7 kg/m3
Hydroponics
cooled
greenhouse
Soil open field
Water
productivity
More crop per drop in marginal lands (contd.)
Oman, UAE, Bahrain encouraging
growers to adopt soilless farming
by providing incentives, such as
grants & technical assistance.
17. Producing more with less water
Mechanized raised bed planting package
Reduces irrigation water use by 25%
Increases yields by 30%
Reduces seed rate by 50%
Increases water use efficiency by 72%
18. icarda.org 18
Community-Based Breeding Programs
•Benefited 3,000
families with 20%
income increase
•Farmers created
cooperatives for the
program, building
capital of $60,000
The sheep and goats
have higher
productivity and lower
mortality
Uganda, Malawi,
Tanzania, South Africa
are implementing the
program
19.
20. We need to eat differently
From Water Guzzling to Water Saving
foods systems with more crops, rotation,
nutrition and health per care
21. DryArc initiative: a systemic approach
This Initiative is not only necessary
for the countries in the DryArc
region, but critical for its future
stability and growth.
The systemic approach and
partnership-building presented by
the DryArc Initiative is key to
combine solutions from across the
different centers, and put research
into practice for impact.
It addresses the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development in a
comprehensive way, accounting for
trade-offs and maximizing
synergies across SDGs, sectors and
scales.
22. 4 Agro Ecological Systems
Agro-ecosystems Area (m ha) %
Irrigated systems 312 15
Rainfed systems 512 25
Agropastoral systems 873 43
Desert farming Potential 342 17
24. We need to accelerate CGIAR efforts
The Global Coalition Promises more
than $650 Million to Accelerate
CGIAR Efforts to Help 300 Million
Smallholder Farmers Adapt to
Climate Change.
“Investment in the CGIAR has
proven to be cost effective and the
rate of return is 70 USD for every
dollar invested with significant
economic benefit for producers and
consumers”
New York. 23/09. United Nations
Climate Action Summit
As climate change effects are felt more strongly throughout the dry arc region, there is an expectation that there will be a reduction in food, water, and other resources per capita in the region.
This will have far-reaching effects of the sustainability of the current food systems in the region
13
NOTES?
Aside from focusing on improving water productivity, scientists are integrating the greenhouse production system with solar energy for cooling and use of treated gray water – adding further value for the farmers and the environment. Results have motivated.
Advances in the big data, remote sensing, GeoAgro, genomics, ICTs enabled integration of the components
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Improving livestock through community-based breeding programs
In Ethiopia, we have established more than 30 community-based sheep and goat breeding programs since 2009. Combining selective breeding programs based on production parameters, such as body weight and ability to produce offspring, the program has benefited over 3,000 farming families in the country with an average 20% income increase. The sheep and goats have shown increased productivity and reduced mortality. Farmers have created formal cooperatives to participate in the program, building capital of as much as US$60,000. The program is also being implemented in Uganda, Malawi, Tanzania, and South Africa.