The ADB Capacity Development Technical Assistance project Promoting Climate Resilient Rural Infrastructure in Northern Vietnam is demonstrating how non-conventional engineering solutions can strengthen rural infrastructure, resisting the hazards associated with climate change and providing opportunities to enhance community livelihoods. The project focuses on bioengineering as a low-cost alternative to conventional slope stabilization and protection techniques

1. Promoting Climate Resilient Rural
Infrastructure in Northern Vietnam
TA 8102-VIE
Final Workshop
Introduction and Overview of the
Project
Dr J R Cook

2. WORKSHOP – A Final Review• Introduction
• Project Context
• Project Overview

3. Workshop Aims
The aim of this additional workshop is to wrap-
up the TA 8102 project with an overview of the
technical outputs and to review what the
options and recommendations are for taking
forward this important initiative.

4. Workshop Sessions
0830-1000hrs Introduction
Coffee/Tea
1015-1200hrs Review of Demonstration Sites
Lunch
1330-1730hrs Review of Outputs & Way Forward
(1500-1530 Coffee/Tea)
1930hrs Workshop Dinner

5. The current climatic environment, with its
variability and frequency of extreme weather
events, makes Vietnam highly susceptible to
climate impacts. The risks arising from these
impacts are considerably increased when the
likelihood of increasing climate threats from
future climate change is taken into account.
Background

6. Background
Page 6
Climate impacts are already
a concern for Vietnam and
these are predicted to
intensify in the decades to
come, threatening
sustainable rural
development and security
of the region.

7. Climate Impact

8. Commune bridge
March 2013
Commune bridge
May 2013
Climate impacts
range in scale from
small…

9. Page 9
… to large.

10. A Key Challenge
Large Scale
Climate
Science
Local Climate
Resilience
Practical Down-scaling
Appropriate Adaptation
?

11. Climate
Impacts
Adaptation
Options
Risk
Priority
Judgement
The Difficult Bit
Climate
Threats
Asset
Vulnerability

12. Current
standard
engineering
Approaches
Are there
more cost-
effective ways
forward?

13. Rural road
Bioengineering
and combined
bioengineering
and
geotechnical
options
Potentially
more cost-
effective

14. Project Introduction
The Objective of the overall project is “to increase
the resilience and reduce vulnerability of local,
critical economic infrastructure in the northern
mountain areas of Vietnam to the adverse
impacts of climate change and to create a policy
framework conducive to promoting resilient
northern mountains zone development”.

15. Overall Project: Five Components
Components 1, 2, 4 and 5 are being undertaken
separately from component 3 with funding
administered by UNDP.
Only component 3 is administered by ADB
through this TA 8102-VIE.

16. The Five Components
• Component 1: Mainstreaming of climate risk reduction
into policy formulation and infrastructure development
planning.
• Component 2: Capacity development, primarily at the
provincial level in the Northern Mountains, to increase
understanding about current and emerging climate
risks and to promote the use of climate resilience
techniques during local planning activities.
• Component 3: A meaningful demonstration of low
cost, easily implementable measures to reduce the
vulnerability of rural infrastructure to extreme climate
events using infrastructure to be improved under
SRIDP.
• Component 4: The dissemination of lessons learned
and best practices.
• Component 5: Project management.

17. Three Key Outputs
Output 1 Climate change threats and impacts assessed
and adaptation options identified.
Output 2 Concept and detailed designs developed,
communities engaged, and demonstration
adaptation activities implemented.
Output 3 Strengthened capacity of project stakeholders
to assess climate change impacts and select,
design and implement bioengineered
solutions.

18. Delivery
The delivery of these outputs has been centred
around demonstrating a logical process of
assessment, design, construction and
monitoring of cost-effective climate resilient
bioengineering focussed works at 5 locations in
4 sites in three provinces.

19. A Logical Way Forward
1. Impact
assessment
•Assessing the
impact of
climate
threats on
infrastructure,
2. Adaptation
planning
•Defining
adaptation
priorities and
plans for the
most vulnerable
assets
3. Adaptation
implementation
•Implementing
the adaptation
measures and
adjusting over
time based on
experience and
new information

20. Adaptation planning
1.Reviewthemost
vulnerableassets
2.Lookngbackto
definetheimpacts
whichrequire
adaptationresponses
3.Definingthe
adaptationoptions
4.Settingprioritities
amongoptions
5.Integrating
adaptationpriorities
6.Building
adaptationpackages
intoplansand
projects
To identify (i) the
assets which have
been assessed as
most vulnerable in
the CAM VA process
and (ii) the threats
to which those
assets are most
vulnerable
For the most
vulnerable assets -
identify the most
significant impacts
which will require
adaptation
responses
For each vulnerable
assets define a
range of adaptation
options for the
species group,
habitats,
ecosystems which
address the most
significant impacts
Defining which
options (i) are most
important, (ii) have
the greatest
chances of success,
(iii) are feasible, (iv)
do not have
negative effects on
other sectors or
other adaptations
(now or in future).
Also, identifying the
order of adaptation
and needed phasing
– or what needs to
be done now and
what can be left to
later
Identifying synergies
and needed linkages
between adaptation
priorities.
For each priority
define key activities
Integrate priorities
as adaptation
packages or projects
Prepare strategy for
“mainstreaming”
into development
plans and policies.
Preparing Design
Management
Frameworks for
each priority
1. Defining adaptation
options which
address the impacts
2. Selecting priorities
for adaptation
3. Develop adaptation
project concepts
and plans

21. Demonstration Sites

22. Output 1: Assessment

23. METHODOLOGY FOR QUANTIFIED CLIMATE CHANGE
Quantify the amount of rainfall accumulated during
historic events
Compare the historic 1-day rainfall return periods
with the known major land slide/ flash flood events
Quantify the amount of rainfall accumulated during
future events with climate change
Compare the future CC 1-day rainfall return periods
with known major land slide events
calculate the impact
of climate change on
rainfall return periods
calculate the impact
of climate change on
design flow
Calculate catchment characteristics
Estimate design flow using empirical
formula

24. Huoi Ca stream
- Area= 31,445 km2
Nam Mau stream
- Area= 4,800 km2
Huoi Ang stream
- Area= 1,368 km2
Nam Lap stream
- Area= 4,243 km2
TYPICAL
RESULTS
Calculate
catchment area

25. Impact
AdaptiveCapacity
Very Low
Inconvenience
(days)
Low
Short
disruption to
system
function
(weeks)
Medium
Medium term
disruption to
system
function
(months)
High
Long term
damage to
system property
or function
(years)
Very High
Loss of life,
livelihood or
system integrity
Very Low
Very limited institutional capacity
and no access to technical or
financial resources
Medium Medium High Very High Very High
Low
Limited institutional capacity and
limited access to technical and
financial resources
Low Medium Medium High Very High
Medium
Growing institutional capacity and
access to technical or financial
resources
Low Medium Medium High Very High
High
Sound institutional capacity and
good access to technical and
financial resources
Low Low Medium Medium High
Very High
Exceptional institutional capacity
and abundant access to technical
and financial resources
Very Low Low Low Medium High
VULNERABILITY = Impact x Adaptive Capacity
25
Determining Vulnerability

26. 26
Baseline data on
road assets
Identification of
climate-impact
hazards and key
vulnerable spots

27. Collection of
asset data in
numerical
format
facilitates easier
analysis
26. Failure 0 0 0 0 0 0
25. Nat Slope Condition 1 1 1 1 1 1
24. Nat slope vegetation 1 1 1 1 1 1
23. Nat slope-Angle 3 3 3 3 3 3
22. Nat slope-L 3 3 3 3 3 3
21. Ework Vegetation 5 5 5 5 5 5
20. Ework-Condition 1 1 1 1 1 1
19. Ework Material 4 4 4 4 4 4
18. Ework-H 3 3 3 3 3 3
17. Ework-A 3 3 3 3 3 3
16. Ework-T 1 1 1 1 1 1
15. Water Channel 0 0 0 0 0 0
Notes
12. Ditch 4 4 4 4 4 4
13. Road Width (m) 4.5m 4m 4.5m 4m 5m 4.5m
14. Access Condition 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mark Km0 +
000
Km0 +
100
Km0 +
200
Km0 +
300
Km0 +
400
Km0 +
500
ID in map 1 2 3 4 5 6
9. Chainage 0 100 200 300 400 500
10. Structure 0 0 0 0 0 0
11. Cross-section 8 8 8 8 8 8
12. Ditch 4 4 4 4 4 4

28. Page 28
15. Water Channel 20. Earthwork Condition 25. Natural Slope Condition
0 None 1 Gully/dry watercourse 0 No issues 0 No issues
1 Pipe culvert 2 Unlined stream 1 Minor surface erosion 1 Minor erosion
2 Box culvert 3 Lined ditch/stream 2 Minor slopeface failure 2 Minor surafce failures
3 Bridge 4 river 3 Severe gulleying 3 Significant Upslope Instability
4 Retaining wall 4 Moderate slope failure 4 Significant Downslope Instability
5 Major slope failure 5 Instability across alignment
16. Earthwork Type
11. Cross-section 1 Cut 21. Vegetation 26. Slope failure
2 Embankment 1 Bio-engineered slope
3 Dumped spoil 2 Mature trees/shrub/grass
3 Grass/shrubs
4 Sparse Grass/shrubs
5 Essentially none
17. Earthwork Angle
0 0 22. Natural Slope Length
1 1-10 1 <5m
2 10-20 2 5-20m
3 20-45 3 20-100m
4 45-75 4 100-500m
5 >75 5 >500m
12. Ditch 18. Earthwork Height 23. Natural Slope Angle Notes legend
0 Not required 0 0 0 0
1 Effective 1 0-3m 1 1-10 Buildings
2 Partially Blocked 2 3-6m 2 10-20
3 Blocked 3 6-12m 3 20-45 Bridge
4 Missing 4 12-25m 4 45-75
5 >25m 5 >75 C--------------C Culvert
Road
14. Access Condition 19. Earthwork material 24. Natural Vegetation Ditch
1 No issues 1 Silty clay 0 0 S--------------S Stream
2 <10% access affected 2 Silt 1 Mature trees/shrub/grass R--------------R River
3 10-25% access affected 3 Clay 2 Grass
4 25-50% access affected 4 3 Dry cultivation
5 >50% access affected 4 Sparse Grass
5 Irrigated cultivation
10. Structure
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

29. Options Selected
Option Bac Kan (R) Thai Nguyen (C) Thai Nguyen (E) Son La (R) Son La (C)
1.1 Vetiver grass √ √ √ √ √
1.2 Short local grass √ √
1.3 Grass seed/mulch/jute √
1.4 Brush layers √ √ √ √
1.5 Palisades √ √
1.6 Live fences √ √ √
1.7 Fascines √ √
1.8 Live poles √ √
1.9 Vegetated check dams √
1.10 Truncheon cuttings line √
2.1 Vegetated Rip rap √
2.2 Vegetated gabions
2.3 Concrete frame + grass √
3.1 Concrete frame + stone √
3.2 Mortared stone drain √ √ √
3.3 Gabions (cascade) √ √ √
3.4 Gabion mattress √

31. Output 2: Design and Implementation

32. Son La River

33. Thai Nguyen -1

34. Thai Nguyen 1

35. Thai Nguyen - 2

36. Thai Nguyen -2

37. Son La Slope

38. Son La Slope

39. Output 3: Monitoring Evidence

40. Output 3: Monitoring Evidence
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
CoverQuality
Monitoring Months
Plant Cover
K2
K4
K6
K8

41. Output 3: Key Technical Outputs
• TR-14: Effectiveness Audit Report
• TR-15: Training Completion Report
• TR-16: Construction Completion Report
• TR-17: Technical Guidelines for Slope Protection
• TR-18: Sample Drawings and Specifications
• TR-19: Low-cost Slope Protection: Training
Course Content

42. THANK YOU!