7. Data Center Interconnection & Applications
7
• Between racks or meet-me-room
on the same floor
• Between racks on different floor
• Between two or more data centers
8. 8
Interconnections “Within” a DC
• Between racks on the same floor and/or
different floors
– X-connection has been one of the main
revenue streams for colocation providers
– For telco and content providers,
x-connections monthly cost can be a large
part of the OPEX, especially in carrier-
dense, expensive DCs in NY, HK, Tokyo
– Low cost DWDM point-to-point solutions are
deployed to reduce monthly recurring cost
– There is also growing interest by hyperscale
DC to deploy point-to-point DWDM
connecting spine and leaf switches
9. Interconnections Between DCs - Metro & Regional
9
• Between two or more DCs
– DC-to-DC connectivity across metro, regional,
long-haul/submarine regions, e.g. within metro
Jakarta, or between Jakarta to Surabaya, or
between Singapore to Tokyo
– Colocation service providers need high-
speed connectivity to make their tenants feel
like all servers, switches, routers are “virtually”
located in the same DC
– Dark fiber providers who wants to expand
their business from sell “dark” fibers to
wavelength services
– Content providers who are looking to build
their own content delivery network (from leasing
bandwidth to build-their-own network)
10. Cable Landing Station (CLS) to DC and
DC-to-DC over Submarine Links
10
• Bandwidth Requirements Continue to
Drive Subsea and CLS-to-DC Links
– The new data centers in the region,
especially in HK/SG/JP, have continued to
demand faster connections from the
submarine cables
– Capacity of backhaul links between CLS
and local DC has to be upgraded
accordingly
– It is not uncommon for these links to carry
Tbps of capacity
11. What is an Open Line System (OLS) Concept?
11
• Open Line System (OLS) Model
– Open network decouples “optical layer” from “wavelength service layer”
– Open software interfaces make network management simpler
– These open transponders must be simple to manage without forcing to use
a traditional NMS system
DWDM
ROADM
Open DWDM line system from Vendor A
(metro, regional, LH, subsea)
Vendor C
Vendor B
Open
Transponder
DCI Pizza Box
NMS, CLI, NetConf, API
Vendor C
Vendor B
Open
Transponder
DCI Pizza Box
DWDM
ROADM
DWDM
ROADM
13. Customer’s Requests for the Past 12 Months…
• Conducted trials with 3rd party optical line systems
• A change, a new movement, a new way of growing
their transport networks
13
19. Other Possible “Pluggable” Functions…
Miniaturization of Optical Layer Components
− EDFAs
− EVOAs
− OCM
− WSS
− OSC
Compact Low Loss Filters
− Low insertion loss-Enables extended passive architectures
and more complex channel plans
− Reduced footprint
EVOAs with Auto Attenuation
− EVOA with integrated photodiode
Power Tone for Amplifier Gain Setting:
− Cost-effective solution for automatic gain setting on amplifiers
EDFA: MSA (90x70mm2) EDFA: Ultra-Mini (60x40mm2) EDFA: XFP & OFP2
20. Pluggable Optical Layer: Trends and Evolution
20
Low Upfront Cost
Functionality
Passive Fixed Gain
Amplifier
Variable Gain
Amplifier
Manual Gain
Setting
OCM
Per Ch Power Monitoring,
Auto balancing and gain
setting
CWDM Filters EVOAs
for extended
reach
Broadcast &
Select ROADM
Raman Amplifier
DWDM Filters Route & Select
ROADM
Power Tone
Amplifier gain setting
OSC
In-band Management &
Amplifier Gain Setting
OTDR
Allow users to optimize, mix-and-match functionalities
for a variety of DCI applications… hopefully with better costing
Pre-Amp+
Booster
24. How a 4-Degree ROADM Node Works…
A/D
Ex2
Ex4
Ex3
R
O
A
D
M
Fiber
Line
A/D
Ex3
Ex2
Ex4
R
O
A
D
M
Fiber
Line
A/D
Ex2
Ex4
Ex3
R
O
A
D
M
Fiber
Line
l
Mux / Demux
l
l A/D
R
O
A
D
M
Fiber
Line
Ex2
Ex3
Ex4
Mux / Demux
l
lExpress Cable
Automatic
Power
Equalized
Wavelengths
Adding new ROADM
“degrees” when new
connectivity is needed
DC1 DC3
DC2
DC4 DC5