Germplasm conservation and facilitating the utilization of existing genetic resources. Bambara groundnut accessions for agronomic traits, yield and yield components.

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Morphological characterization of some Nigerian
accessions of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea
(L.) Verdc)
Osundare O.T. 1&2
, Akinyele B.O.1
, Odiyi A.C.1
, Abberton
M.T.*2
, Oyatomi O.A.2
1
Department of Crop, Soil and Pest management, Federal
University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
2
Genetic Resources Center, International Institute of
Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
*Corresponding author: E-mail: m.abberton@cgiar.org

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INTRODUCTION
• Bambara groundnut is herbaceous, intermediate,
annual, self-pollinating crop belonging to the family
Leguminosae, subfamily Papilionoideae and genus
Vigna.
• Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) is
an under-utilized grain legume grown in Africa.

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INTRODUCTION CONT.
Research justification
• Nigeria has a wide range of diversity observed on
Bambara groundnut and majority of the accessions have
not been fully characterized.
• The use of climate resilient crops that requires little input
from farmers for production and adaptable to the climate
change will help in attaining food secured continent.

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Plate 1: Bambara groundnut plant: Trifoliate leaves (left); tap
root system showing root nodules (middle) and seeds showing
diversity (right)

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INTRODUCTION CONT.
• Research objectives
• To apply the descriptor for germplasm conservation and
facilitating the utilization of existing genetic resources.
• Evaluate Bambara groundnut accessions for agronomic
traits, yield and yield components.

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MATERIALS AND METHOD

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MATERIALS AND METHOD
• Design of the experiment
• A total of 100 accessions of Bambara groundnut were
used as plant materials (Treatment), sourced from
Genetic Resources Center, International Institute of
Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan.
• The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete
Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.

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MATERIALS AND METHOD
• Total block size was 1,050 m2
(21 m x 50 m) and each
plot was 2.5 m x 1 m.
• One seed/hole was sown in a ploughed and ridged sandy
loam soil on inter rows spaced 100 centimeters (cm).
• Intra-rows spacing was 25 cm. This spacing was
proposed to allow the crop express its production
potential.

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MATERIALS AND METHOD CONT.
Data collection
The descriptors list of V. subterranea edited by
(IPGRI/IITA/BAMNET, 2000) was used to generate both
qualitative and quantitative data for agronomic and yield
components.
Thirty-six quantitative and qualitative traits (agronomic
and seed) were considered.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Traits Traits Interpretation Percentage
Petiole colour whole green 66
Base purple 34
Total 100
Average of 10 seeds
Seed shape Round 12
Oval 88
Total 100
Pod shape Without point 2
Ending in a point and round on the
other 51
Ending in a point with nook on the
other 47
Total 100
Frequency distribution of qualitative traits

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONT.
Traits Traits Interpretation Percentage
Dry pod colour Yellowish brown 83
Brown 12
Reddish brown 5
Purple 0
Black 0
Total 100
Terminal leafletcolour Green 99
Red 0
Purple 1
Total 100
Pod texture Smooth 21
Little groove 62
Much grooved 17
Much folded 0
Total 100

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONT.
Traits Av. Of 10 pods Percentage
Number of seeds per pod 1 44.3
Above 1 seed 55.7
Total 100
Av of ten plants
Number of flowers per peduncle 1 2
Above 1 98
Total 100

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONT.
Accessions Trait Accessions Trait
Plant spread (cm) Plant height (cm)
TVSu589 34.28a TVSu2109 23.70a
TVSu359 33.60ab TVSu589 23.07ab
TVSu256 32.36abc TVSu2105 21.34abc
TVSu572 32.25a-d TVSu572 20.64a-d
TVSu350 32.21a-d TVSu670 20.53b-d
TVSu179 32.20a-d TVSu129 20.51c-e
TVSu12 17.60e TVSu261 10.70f
Ms 31.1* Ms 13.73*
MsE 15.65 MsE 3.38
Result of Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of some of the quantitative traits
Mean in a column with the same letter(s) are not significantly different by DMRT (p=0.05)

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONT.
Accessions Trait Accessions Trait
Number of leaves Petiole length (mm)
TVSu1246 54.47a TVSu650 121.90a
TVSu336 52.87ab TVSu670 116.50ab
TVSu590 52.70ab TVSu2109 116.13bc
TVSu586 51.40ab TVSu2105 113.13cd
TVSu347 47.90cd TVSu285 111.87def
TVSu267 67.45de TVSu129 111.70efg
TVSu127 13.30f TVSu1222 46.00h
Ms 189.24* Ms 577.44*
MsE 90.65 MsE 169.38
Mean in a column with the same letter(s) are not significantly different by DMRT (p=0.05)

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONT.
Accessions Trait Accessions Trait
Terminal leaflet length(mm) Terminal leaflet width(mm)
TVSu579 72.40a TVSu2105 38.67a
TVSu2109 69.73ab TVSu2109 36.27ab
TVSu262 69.10bcd TVSu589 33.20bc
TVSu359 68.93de TVSu263 31.81bcd
TVSu633 68.00def TVSu267 30.47def
TVSu572 67.45fg TVSu576 30.10d-g
TVSu1239 27.56h TVSu365 15.53h
Ms 99.45* Ms 42.12*
MsE 47.43 MsE 7.75
Mean in a column with the same letter(s) are not significantly different by DMRT (p=0.05)

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONT.
Accessions Trait Accessions Trait
Pod length (mm) Pod width (mm)
TVSu589 26.41a TVSu351 14.45a
TVSu368 21.90bc TVSu346 14.44a
TVSu2105 21.56bcd TVSu2108 14.39ab
TVSu262 21.40cde TVSu366 14.06abc
TVSu2106 21.40cde TVSu271 14.03abc
TVSu2104 21.12de TVSu2093 13.92abc
TVSu351 12.14e TVSu576 8.75d
Ms 11.39* Ms 3.69*
MsE 7.95 MsE 3.8
Mean in a column with the same letter(s) are not significantly different by DMRT (p=0.05)

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONT.
Accessions Trait Accessions Trait
Number of pods/area Yield per plot (g)
TVSu14 115.00a TVSu368 34.64a
TVSu662 110.33a TVSu346 30.40ab
TVSu647 108.00ab TVSu181 26.28abc
TVSu659 83.00cde TVSu647 24.33a-d
TVSu173 76.67def TVSu14 23.18a-e
TVSu176 74.00e-h TVSu2095 22.54a-f
TVSu576 4.00i TVSu576 0.21g
Ms 1513.42* Ms 130.88*
MsE 707.80 MsE 97.28
Mean in a column with the same letter(s) are not significantly different by DMRT (p=0.05)

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONT.
Accessions Trait Accessions Trait
100-seed weight(g) Yield per ha (kg)
TVSu271 108.66a TVSu368 138.56a
TVSu368 92.18b TVSu181 105.12ab
TVSu83 89.25b TVSu647 97.33abc
TVSu2110 81.84c TVSu14 92.73a-d
TVSu366 80.90c TVSu2095 90.17a-e
TVSu2095 75.02d TVSu662 84.41a-f
TVSu356 18.86e TVSu576 0.85g
Ms 620.86* Ms 188840*
MsE 3.13 MsE 107641
Mean in a column with the same letter(s) are not significantly different by DMRT (p=0.05)

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONT.
• Multivariate analysis for quantitative characters showed
significant variation for most of the morphological
variations for Bambara groundnut landraces, hence these
could be considered important for the accessions under
investigation.

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CONCLUSION
• A wide range of variability was observed on the accessions
of bambara groundnut conserved in IITAGRC for number of
seeds per pod, terminal leaflet length and width, pod
texture, pod length and width, yield per hectare, such
potential could be harnessed for the purpose of crop
improvement through hybridization of accessions with
desired qualities.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• The authors are grateful to the Head, Genetic Resources
Center (Prof. M.T. Abberton) of the International Institute
of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria for funding this
research. The cooperation of the Seed bank manager (Mr.
O.A. Oyatomi) is highly acknowledged.

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