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18Nov14 - Silver Separators Presentation
- 1. Silver Separators Tuesday 18th November 2014 An ILC-UK Population Patterns Seminar Series event #populationpatterns
- 2. Welcome Baroness Sally Greengross Chief Executive ILC-UK An ILC-UK Population Patterns Seminar Series event #populationpatterns
- 3. Richard Willets Director of Longevity Partnership An ILC-UK Population Patterns Seminar Series event #populationpatterns
- 4. Trends in divorce and marriage at older ages Richard Willets • ILC-UK Population Patterns Series 18-11-2014
- 5. How divorce and marriage affects an annuity provider November 14 5 Individual annuities Annuities in payment can be split/transferred under a Pension Sharing Order Not common. So far Partnership have processed just three such cases in 2014 Defined benefit bulk buyouts Pensions in final salary schemes are usually paid to the surviving spouse/partner on death of the scheme member Best practice is to price using a multi-state model Alive (& single) Alive (& married) Deceased
- 6. Divorce rates for the over 60’s are increasing… Divorce rate per 1,000 married population, ages 60+, England & Wales, 1990-2012, by gender 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 November 14 6 • Source: ONS (2014) Male Female
- 7. Increase in divorce numbers (from 2002 to 2012)… Number of divorces in 2012 (vs 2002), ages 60+, England & Wales, by gender November 14 7 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 • Own calculations using data from ONS (2014) Male Female Increase due to rise in divorce rate Increase due to rising number of people aged 60+
- 8. Increase in divorce numbers (from 2002 to 2012)… Number of divorces in 2012 (vs 2002), ages 60+, England & Wales, by gender November 14 8 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 • Own calculations using data from ONS (2014) Male Female Increase due to rise in divorce rate Increase due to rising number of people aged 60+ 40% 54%
- 9. How the divorce rate varies by age… Divorce rate per 1,000 married population in 2012, England & Wales, by age and gender 25 20 15 10 5 0 November 14 9 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60 and • Own calculations using data from ONS (2014) over Male Femal e
- 10. Increase in marriages (from 2002 to 2012)… Number of marriages in 2012 (vs 2002), ages 60+, England & Wales, by gender November 14 10 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 • Own calculations using data from ONS (2014) Increase due to rise in marriage rate Increase due to rising number of people aged 60+ Number of marriages in 2002 Male Female 57% 43%
- 11. Marriages with either husband or wife aged 65+ Number of marriages in 2011, with husband or wife aged 65+, England & Wales November 14 11 • Own calculations using data from ONS (2014) 36% 53% 11% Both aged 65+ Husband 65+ Wife 65+ 3.5% of women who marry at age 65 or above have a husband aged under 55 23% of men who marry at age 65 or above have a wife aged under 55
- 12. Thank you November 14 12 All information contained in this document is confidential and should be treated as confidential. No disclosure, use, copying or circulation of this document should occur without the permission of Partnership. Partnership retains all intellectual property interests association with this document. The content of this document is intended to provide general information. Examples and other materials contained within this document are for illustrative purposes and should not be relied upon. Partnership takes no responsibility for any errors or omissions in this document. This document shall not form the basis of, or be relied upon, in connection with any offer or act as an inducement to enter into any contract. No representation or warranty is given, express or implied, as to the accuracy of the information contained in this document. Partnership is a trading style of the Partnership group of Companies, which includes; Partnership Life Assurance Company Limited (registered in England and Wales No. 05465261), and Partnership Home Loans Limited (registered in England and Wales No. 05108846). Partnership Life Assurance Company Limited is authorised by the Prudential Regulation Authority and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. Partnership Home Loans Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. The registered office for both companies is 110 Bishopsgate, London, EC2N 6AY.
- 13. Rt Hon Paul Burstow MP Member of Parliament for Sutton and Cheam An ILC-UK Population Patterns Seminar Series event #populationpatterns
- 14. Ben Franklin Senior Research Fellow ILC-UK An ILC-UK Population Patterns Seminar Series event #populationpatterns
- 15. The rise and rise of the silver separator Ben Franklin, Senior Research Fellow, International Longevity Centre @ilcuk @bjafranklin The International Longevity Centre-UK is an independent, non-partisan think-tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change.
- 16. What am I going to cover? What is the trend? What is driving the trend? What are some of the implications? The International Longevity Centre-UK is an independent, non-partisan think-tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change.
- 17. Rising numbers amongst the over 60s The International Longevity Centre-UK is an independent, non-partisan think-tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change.
- 18. But it’s not just about population change… The International Longevity Centre-UK is an independent, non-partisan think-tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change.
- 19. What if current trends continue? The International Longevity Centre-UK is an independent, non-partisan think-tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change.
- 20. Marrying later means greater risk of divorce at older ages The International Longevity Centre-UK is an independent, non-partisan think-tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change.
- 21. ….marrying later means greater risk of divorce at older ages Source: ONS The International Longevity Centre-UK is an independent, non-partisan think-tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change.
- 22. Rising financial independence amongst women The International Longevity Centre-UK is an independent, non-partisan think-tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change.
- 23. Rising life expectancy means fewer marriages end in death of a partner… The International Longevity Centre-UK is an independent, non-partisan think-tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change.
- 24. What are some of the implications Financial difficulties Lack of informal care and support Older men more likely to rely on institutional care than older women who are more likely to rely on children Possible negative effect on mental health in short term Possible negative effect on physical health in long term. The International Longevity Centre-UK is an independent, non-partisan think-tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change.
- 25. Many thanks Ben Franklin Senior Research Fellow International Longevity Centre - UK benfranklin@ilcuk.org.uk 02073400440 Twitter: @ilcuk The International Longevity Centre-UK is an independent, non-partisan think-tank dedicated to addressing issues of longevity, ageing and population change.
- 26. Chris Sherwood Director or Policy and External Affairs Relate An ILC-UK Population Patterns Seminar Series event #populationpatterns
- 27. Who will love me when I’m 64? Relationships in later life Chris Sherwood, Director of External Affairs @ChrisSherwood80
- 28. What do we mean by relationships? Couple Family Social Loving relationship between two people Includes: spouse, partner, civil partnership, cohabiting couples Relationships between those that are ‘related’ and/or considered to be in a family Includes: parents, children, siblings, family-in- law, stepfamily Wider social relationships Includes: friends, colleagues, organisational relationships The quality of relationships is key
- 29. Relationships are good for us Emotional Happiness: There is a correlation between happiness and relationships Loneliness: The absence of intimacy fosters loneliness Stress: Those with strong relationships are less likely to suffer from stress Health Physical health: There is a link between strong relationships and good health Mental health: Those who active in their communities are in better mental health than those who are more isolated Practical Care: Relationships are a source of care in old age Finance: Those who are married are less likely to be in poverty in older age than single people Relationships are part of the solution for dealing with our ageing population. Good quality, strong relationships allow people and communities to operate better and can help save the state money.
- 30. People’s relationships face many pressures in later life Self Identit y Relationships Physical Health Sex and intimac y
- 31. People’s relationships face many pressures in later life Self Identit y Relationships Sex and intimac y Physical Health •Deteriorates as people age •Immobility can cause isolation and frustration if cant leave home •Reliance on others increases (GPs, family, friends, etc.)
- 32. People’s relationships face many pressures in later life Self Identit y Relationships Physical Health Sex and intimac y Care •Baby boomers care for their grandchildren and elderly parents •Financial and emotional pressure •Older people require care in their later life too
- 33. Trends show the composition of relationships in later life is changing
- 34. Household composition changes significantly with age
- 35. Numbers of close relationships vary little with age among 50+
- 36. Baby boomers are much more likely to have step-families
- 37. Baby boomers have been at the vanguard of social change 'Born absolutely in the centre of the Baby Boom….I remember above all the great sense of change running with great, and persistent, temporal certainty…. Teenagers had been invented; youth culture was heading for triumph; we….inhabited the glorious window between the Pill and the emergence of Aids'. (Michael Bywater, 'Baby Boomers and the illusion of perpetual youth', New Statesman, 30 October 2006) • Baby boomers are distinguished by changes in attitudes, behaviours and expectations including • Family formation, unions and relationships • Gender roles and equality • New challenges moving into older age also: • Experiencing many of the challenges faced by younger people – e.g. Debt • But they show same reticence around help seeking behaviour of older people also
- 38. Existing responses to relationships overlook baby boomers 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Proportion frequently lonely by age group 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90+
- 39. Policy needs to better reflect these changes 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% The most important things for people as they get Source: IpsosMORI older Relationships There are three pillars to a good later life: 1. Health 2. Financial security 3. Relationships Government is focused on health and finances; relationships remain largely ignored Relate’s report makes the case that relationships should be a central component of central and local government policy
- 40. www.relate.org.uk 0300 100 1234 @Relate_charity
- 41. Barbara Bloomfield Co-author of the Mature Times book ‘The Mature Times Guide to Love and Relationships in Later Life’ An ILC-UK Population Patterns Seminar Series event #populationpatterns
- 42. Discussion and Q&A An ILC-UK Population Patterns Seminar Series event #populationpatterns
- 43. Silver Separators Tuesday 18th November 2014 An ILC-UK Population Patterns Seminar Series event #populationpatterns
Notes de l'éditeur
- Thanks I’m from Relate Please to introduce report ‘who will love me when I’m 64’ Everyone has relationships and can relate to this But in an ageing society we need to understand their significance Government cant force people to be in relationships, but this is a concern for public policy Relationships have huge implications on the health, wealth and happiness of older people Today I’m going to talk about the findings of the report – specifically - the trends we’re seeing in people’s relationships the significance of relationships the strains they come under as people age Introduce our relationships in later life campaign – a year long campaign looking at this issue. Focus: Baby boomer generation, their ageing and their relationships Research: Literature and policy review Analysis of publically available data - ELSA An IpsosMORI survey of 1390 adults aged over 50 about their attitudes towards ageing Interviews with figures in government, charities, service providers and academics A roundtable of experts to review findings and develop recommendations
- The word relationship are often taken to mean a couple relationships But we are looking more widely at the plethora of relationships that exist in people’s everyday lives Couple Family Social Quality is key – it is not the presence of relationships themselves that matters, rather the quality of the relationships that people have. Good relationships are beneficial and bad relationships have negative impacts. Divorce rates are rising – but they are starting from a low base. Over the past 20 years, the divorce rate among men increased from 1.6 divorces per 1000 married men to 2.3 in 2011. However, the average rate for men remains almost 5 times higher in 2011 (at 10.8 divorces per 1000 married men). Why are divorce rates rising? Increased life expectancy, financial independence, social change including reduced stigma and people don’t feel old.
- Older people told us that the three top ingredients for a good later life are good health, good relationships and financial security in that order but our evidence found that one in five people aged 50+ lacked the confidence to form new relationships There is a lot of evidence that relationships are good for people and for society Happiness – Repeatedly couple relationship and family life are best indicators of overall life satisfaction. Findings replicated more across different geographies Loneliness – intimate relationships protect against loneliness, as do wider social network. Quality matters more than quality. Care – relationships are a source of care – Oxford Institute of Ageing estimates that the over 60s in UK provide £50bn in unpaid family care, approx 3% GDP Finance – strong families and couple relationships also provide financial benefits. Some baby boomers have been in the fortunate position to help their children with housing deposits, and DWP stats show that those in couple relationships are less likely to live in poverty in later life. Physical health – strong relationships protect against cardio-vascular diseases. The largest cause of death for the over 65s. UK economy spends over £29bn per year. Preventative social engagement also encourages good diet and health activities Good quality relationships are associated with happiness and have practical and health benefits. They are part of the solution to our ageing population, where older people will have to work longer and need to be empowered to remain active contributors to society. Relationships can also help the state save money, all important in this time of austerity.
- Many benefits to relationships, but relationships in response to changing life circumstances Entering older age is associated with key life transitions Transitions place pressures on relationships Ageing is a series of transitions I’m going to go into detail into a few of them
- Ageing is associated with a decline in physical health and this can put pressure on people’s relationships. More than a quarter of 50-64 year olds have a long term health condition or disability, and this will increase as people get older Poor physical health is a cause of immobility Being stuck at home increases the risk of loneliness and isolation Reliance on partners and close family, and loose touch with their friends. Couple and family relationships must be renegotiated
- Care can also be an enormous strain on people’s relationships. Strain between the carer and the cared for, a between carers and their wider social network Many baby boomers are carers –Over a quarter of grandparents in the UK provide care for their grandchildren on a weekly basis There is little specific support available 42% of carers report that their personal relationships had suffered as a result of caring responsibilities. Women are more likely to be carers than men –women marry older men, and living longer, caring for their husbands in later life.
- So I’ve talked about the benefits that good quality relationships can convey, both to individuals and to society I’m now going to go into more detail about the trends we are seeing in people’s relationships The picture is mixed Couple Family Social What is clear is that the baby boomers ageing is going to be different from their mothers and fathers. This is a generation who have changed everything. They’ve had different expectations and have changed every life stage they have been through so far and will not stop with later life.
- Series of transitions.
- But access can vary. Need to look further at quality of these relationships.
- Evidence – less inclination to provide care for our step parents, rather than biological parents They are also increasingly likely to have experienced separation and report having had more sexual partners
- We know that baby boomers have been the vanguard of social trends. Inventive and innovative generation. Rise in divorce rates, remarriages and unions began is substantial numbers after the 60/70s; rise of unmarried parenthood, lone parenthood, postponed parenthood and voluntary childlessness (within and outside unions) – began as baby boomers were coming of age. This cohort has also spearheaded changes in gender roles – the first to see substantial rises in female post-compulsory education, expansion of the labour market for women into skilled occupations. Equality on other fronts including LGBT. This is the first generation to be getting older with substantial numbers who have not followed the traditional family formation of first-time married couple with children (by choice). However, this generation is also experiencing problems of youth that haven’t been seen to the same degree among older people before – for example: Problems with sexual health – among people aged 45-60 the number of gonorrhoea infections doubled for women and rose by 50% for men between 1998-2008 Problems with alcohol – older people aged 65+ are much more likely to drink on a daily basis (or 5 times a week or more) than younger – around 25% of men aged 65+ in 2011 compared to 5% of men aged 18-24. -Debt problems – for example among those aged 50-59, 12% are defined as being in problem debt (excessive payment, excessive amount, or negative effect) – in contrast 6% of those aged 60-69 are and 0.5% of those aged 80+. We don’t know the long-term impacts of retiring with debt. We do know that those moving into problem debt between 2002-2010 raised the risk of partnership dissolution two fold (OR: 2.264). -Relate’s client data – around 18% aged 50+; around 4% aged 60+
- Although levels of loneliness and isolation are relatively stable from 50-79, climbing afterwards. Not preventative in approach on two levels: Firstly simply by overlooking baby boomers Secondly by not being targeted around transitions. The transitions point is applicable to all groups, but retirement often sets in place many other transitions in terms of health, roles, housing etc – all of which make the absence of services around transitions pertinent Loneliness and social isolation strategies often tend towards looking at older widows. This is the group that is most prone to loneliness – but often geared towards treatment rather than prevention. Living alone is often identified as a risk factor – but living in an unhappy relationship is not. In doing so, risk overlooking relationship quality among older couples. Also re-partnering? Also, might overlook the changing composition of families and the impact that this will have on relationship dynamics among the couple and more broadly within families. Finally, there is a need to recognise the diversity of the upcoming baby boomer cohort in terms of income inequality, ethnicity, LGBT relationships etc – there is no precedent in terms of older people.
- So, I’ve made the case that relationships are important for both individuals and society Yet relationships are something that is missing from government policy Our research shows that there are three pillars to a good old age – health, financial security and relationships The government has whole departments dedicated to the health and finances of people, but there is very little on relationships Although relationships are a personal concern, their stability or instability has wide ranging implications for the success of our society We make lots of assumptions about them – but will they hold true in the future? Half of the adult population will be aged over 50 by 2025, and to ensure older people have an active older age where they continue to contribute to society, the government must support relationships in later life
- So what can you do: Make referrals Support people to access our services Help to challenge stigma and change culture