Feature-aligned N-BEATS with Sinkhorn divergence (ICLR '24)
Dairy systems for smallholders in poor countries: Options for improving livelihoods
1. Dairy systems for smallholders
in poor countries:
Options for improving livelihoods
Isabelle Baltenweck
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya
Committee on World Food Security—Dairy Side Event
21 Oct 2016
2. Animal sourcefoods: 5of6highest valueglobal
commodities (total valueofthese5=US Int$715 billion)
FAOSTAT 2015
(values for 2013)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
50
100
150
200
250
Production(MT)millions
Netproductionvalue(Int$)billion
net production value (Int $) billion production (MT)
Cow milk has
overtaken rice
3. Animal sourcefoods: 5of6highest valueglobal
commodities (total valueofthese5=US Int$715 billion)
FAOSTAT 2015
(values for 2013)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
50
100
150
200
250
Production(MT)millions
Netproductionvalue(Int$)billion
net production value (Int $) billion production (MT)
Cow milk has
overtaken rice
4. Huge increases over 2005/7 amounts
of cereals, dairy and meat will be needed by 2050
From 2bn−3bn
tonnes cereals each year
From 664m−1bn
tonnes dairy each year
From 258m−460m
tonnes meat each year
5. Huge increases over 2005/7 amounts
of cereals, dairy and meat will be needed by 2050
From 2bn−3bn
tonnes cereals each year
From 664m−1bn
tonnes dairy each year
From 258m−460m
tonnes meat each year
7. Livestock and livelihoods
• Almost a billion people rely on livestock
for livelihoods
• Over 100 million landless people keep
livestock.
• For the vulnerable, up to 40% of benefits
from livestock keeping come from non-
market, intangible benefits, mostly
insurance and financing.
• In the poorest countries, livestock manure
comprises over 70% of soil fertility
amendments.
• Many employed in local informal livestock
product markets
• 90% of animal products are produced and
consumed in the same country or region
• Over 70% of livestock products are sold
‘informally’
8. BMGF, FAO, ILRI
Smallholders still dominate
livestock production in many countries
Region
(definition of
‘smallholder’)
% production by smallholder livestock farms
Beef Chicken
meat
Sheep/goat
meat
Milk Pork Eggs
East Africa
(≤ 6 milking
animals)
60-90
Bangladesh
(< 3ha land)
65 77 78 65 77
India
(< 2ha land)
75 92 92 69 71
Vietnam
(small scale)
80
Philippines
(backyard)
50 35
16. This presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
better lives through livestock
ilri.org
ILRI thanks all donors and organizations who globally supported its work through their contributions
to the CGIAR system
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FAO yearbook fishery and aquaculture 2012: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3740t.pdf
Farmed food fish total value in 2012: $137 billion
FAOSTAT accessed 20 October 2015 http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/rankings/commodities_by_regions/E
Values in 2013:
Cow milk: $198 billion (international $)
Rice: $190 billion
Indigenous pig meat: $172 billion
Indigenous cattle meat: $171 billion
Indigenous chicken meat: $137 billion
FAO yearbook fishery and aquaculture 2012: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3740t.pdf
Farmed food fish total value in 2012: $137 billion
FAOSTAT accessed 20 October 2015 http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/rankings/commodities_by_regions/E
Values in 2013:
Cow milk: $198 billion (international $)
Rice: $190 billion
Indigenous pig meat: $172 billion
Indigenous cattle meat: $171 billion
Indigenous chicken meat: $137 billion
Figures from: Alexandratos N and Bruinsma J (2012) World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050. The 2012 revision. ESA Working paper No. 12-03. Agriculture Development Economics Division, FAO, Rome.
All types of food are needed – diversity of food
Specifically, the world will need:
1 billion tonnes more cereals to 2050
1 billion tonnes dairy products each year
460 million tonnes meat each year
Figures from: Alexandratos N and Bruinsma J (2012) World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050. The 2012 revision. ESA Working paper No. 12-03. Agriculture Development Economics Division, FAO, Rome.
All types of food are needed – diversity of food
Specifically, the world will need:
1 billion tonnes more cereals to 2050
1 billion tonnes dairy products each year
460 million tonnes meat each year
FAO yearbook fishery and aquaculture 2012: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3740t.pdf
Farmed food fish total value in 2012: $137 billion
FAOSTAT accessed 20 October 2015 http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/rankings/commodities_by_regions/E
Values in 2013:
Cow milk: $198 billion (international $)
Rice: $190 billion
Indigenous pig meat: $172 billion
Indigenous cattle meat: $171 billion
Indigenous chicken meat: $137 billion
Woman milks a cow Niko Pirosmani · 1916
Hen with chicken - Niko Pirosmani - WikiArt.org - encyclopedia of ...
WikiArt.org
Vietnam
Small Scale Farming with Low Biosecurity 1-2 sows, <20 pigs
Small Scale Farming with Minimum Biosecurity 50-20 sow, <100 pigs
Philippines
Backyard - any farm or household raising at least one head of animal and does not qualify as a commercial farm.
Commercial - if it satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
a) at least 21 heads of adults and zero young
b) at least 41 heads of young animals
c) at least 10 heads of adults and 22 heads of young.
FAO yearbook fishery and aquaculture 2012: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3740t.pdf
Farmed food fish total value in 2012: $137 billion
FAOSTAT accessed 20 October 2015 http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/rankings/commodities_by_regions/E
Values in 2013:
Cow milk: $198 billion (international $)
Rice: $190 billion
Indigenous pig meat: $172 billion
Indigenous cattle meat: $171 billion
Indigenous chicken meat: $137 billion
FAO yearbook fishery and aquaculture 2012: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3740t.pdf
Farmed food fish total value in 2012: $137 billion
FAOSTAT accessed 20 October 2015 http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/rankings/commodities_by_regions/E
Values in 2013:
Cow milk: $198 billion (international $)
Rice: $190 billion
Indigenous pig meat: $172 billion
Indigenous cattle meat: $171 billion
Indigenous chicken meat: $137 billion
FAO yearbook fishery and aquaculture 2012: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3740t.pdf
Farmed food fish total value in 2012: $137 billion
FAOSTAT accessed 20 October 2015 http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/rankings/commodities_by_regions/E
Values in 2013:
Cow milk: $198 billion (international $)
Rice: $190 billion
Indigenous pig meat: $172 billion
Indigenous cattle meat: $171 billion
Indigenous chicken meat: $137 billion
FAO yearbook fishery and aquaculture 2012: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3740t.pdf
Farmed food fish total value in 2012: $137 billion
FAOSTAT accessed 20 October 2015 http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/rankings/commodities_by_regions/E
Values in 2013:
Cow milk: $198 billion (international $)
Rice: $190 billion
Indigenous pig meat: $172 billion
Indigenous cattle meat: $171 billion
Indigenous chicken meat: $137 billion
13
FAO yearbook fishery and aquaculture 2012: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3740t.pdf
Farmed food fish total value in 2012: $137 billion
FAOSTAT accessed 20 October 2015 http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/rankings/commodities_by_regions/E
Values in 2013:
Cow milk: $198 billion (international $)
Rice: $190 billion
Indigenous pig meat: $172 billion
Indigenous cattle meat: $171 billion
Indigenous chicken meat: $137 billion
FAO yearbook fishery and aquaculture 2012: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3740t.pdf
Farmed food fish total value in 2012: $137 billion
FAOSTAT accessed 20 October 2015 http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/rankings/commodities_by_regions/E
Values in 2013:
Cow milk: $198 billion (international $)
Rice: $190 billion
Indigenous pig meat: $172 billion
Indigenous cattle meat: $171 billion
Indigenous chicken meat: $137 billion