Presentation by Saenna P, Luu Quoc Toan, Nguyen-Viet H, Hamilton K, Chotinun S, Ngamwongsatit P, Sangmaneedet S, Steele J, Unahalekhaka A and Wilcox BA at the Ecohealth 2012 conference held at Kunming, China on 15-18 October 2012.

1. 10/17/12
EH2012,
16-­‐18
Oct.
Kunming
Food
Safety
and
Emerging
Foodborne
Pathogen
in
Thailand
and
Viet
Nam
Parichat
Saenna1,
Luu
QuocToan2,
Hung
Nguyen-­‐Viet2,
Karin
Hamilton3,
Suwit
Cho�nun4,
Puriya
Ngamwongsa�t5,
Somboon
Sangmaneedet6,
Jennifer
Steele7,
Akeua
Unahalekhaka8,
Bruce
A.
Wilcox1,
7
1Global
Health
Asia,
Faculty
of
Public
Health-­‐Mahidol
University
2Hanoi
School
of
Public
Health,
3College
of
Veterinary
Medicine-­‐University
of
Minnesota,
4Faculty
of
Veterinary
Medicine-­‐Chiang
Mai
University,
5Faculty
of
Veterinary
Science-­‐Mahidol
University,
6Faculty
of
Veterinary
Medicine-­‐
Khon
Kaen
University,
7Cummings
School
of
Veterinary
Medicine-­‐Tu�s
University,
8Faculty
of
Nursing-­‐Chiang
Mai
University
Introduc�on/Background
>>
Foodborne
pathogens
make
a
substan�al
contribu�on
to
the
problem
of
global
emerging
diseases
(Tauxe
2002)
>>
Significant
progress
has
been
made
recently
in
characterizing
and
framing
the
problem
of
food
safety
for
developed
regions
(Dole
&
Erickson
2006,
Sofos
2008,
Newell
et
al,
2010)
>>
This
framework
has
limita�ons
for
applica�on
to
developing
regions
due
to
the
dis�nctly
different
economies,
cultures,
bio-­‐clima�c,
and
food
produc�on
systems.
>>
Our
research
goal
is
to
describe
these
differences
based
in
Thailand
and
Vietnam,
illustrate
them
with
a
prominent
case
example,
and
suggest
the
general
elements
of
a
framework
more
suitable
for
tropical
developing
regions
1

2. 10/17/12
Objec�ves
>>
To
point
out
the
different
situa�on
of
food
safety
between
developed
versus
developing
countries
>>
To
illustrate
this
difference
in
food
safety
by
using
as
a
case
example
the
emerging
food
borne
pathogen
Streptococcus
suis
in
Thailand
and
Viet
Nam
>>
To
suggest
a
further
step
for
addressing
the
food
safety
framework
in
Thailand
and
Viet
Nam
Global
Drives
Local
GDP
(per
capita
in
USD)
6,000
5,000
4,000
TH
3,000
VN
CH
2,000
1,000
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Source:
World
Bank
2

3. 10/17/12
Trend
in
Meat
and
Eggs
Consump�on
in
Thailand
and
Viet
Nam
kg/capita/year
Thailand
Viet
Nam
kg/capita/year
40
40
35
35
30
30
Pork_TH
25
25
Pultry_TH
Pork_VN
20
eggs_TH
20
Pultry
meat_VN
Beef_TH
Beef_VN
15
15
eggs_VN
10
10
5
5
0
0
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source:
FAOSTAT
Meat
Processing
in
The
East
3

4. 10/17/12
Meat
Processing
in
The
West
Prominent
Foodborne
Pathogens
in
Developed
and
Developing
countries
Developed
country
Developing
country
Salmonella
Salmonella
Listeria
monocytogenes
Staphylococcus
aureus
Vibrio
Vibrio
Shigella
Shigella
STEC
Escherichia
coli
Yesinia
spp.
Clostridium
perfringens
Campylobactor
Bacillus
cereus
Streptococcus
suis
Source:
FoodNet
BOE,
Thailand
4

5. 10/17/12
S.
suis
as
an
Emerging
Zoono�c
Foodborne
Pathogen
in
Thailand
and
Viet
Nam
World
Map
of
Human
Streptococcus
suis
Cases
with
Background
Pig
Density
Data
Hughes J M et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:617-625
© 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
5

6. 10/17/12
S.
suis
as
an
Emerging
Foodborne
Pathogen
in
South
East
Asia
China
Yu
et
al.,
2006
Vietnam
Thailand
Werthein
et
al.,
2009
BOE,
Thailand
Agricultural
Intensifica�on
and
Disease
Outbreak
6

7. 10/17/12
Pork
Procurement,
Processing
&
Consump�on
Picture
courtesy:
PH,
Lampun
S.
suis
Incidence
in
Pigs
in
Chiang
Mai
S.
suis
incidence
in
pigs
Pig
Density
CM
City
CM
City
Padungtod
et
al.,
2010
Global
Health
Asia
7

8. 10/17/12
S.
suis
incidence
in
Humans
in
Pa
Yao,
Thailand
S.
suis
incidence
Pig
density
(per
area)
in
Pa
Yao
Pa
Yao
City
Takeuchi
et
al.,
2012
Comparison
of
drivers
of
foodborne
disease
emergence
Drivers
Developing
country
Developed
country
Economic
Factor
Trading
Increase
global
market,
but
as
producer,
Increase
global
market,
but
rather
be
an
exporter
and
consumer
importer
than
a
producer
Agriculture
Factor
Animal
husbandry
Mainly
smallholders,
an�bio�cs
and
growth
Mainly
large
holders,
an�bio�cs
and
promoters
are
unregulated
growth
promoters
are
regulated
Environmental
Factor
Waste
management
standards
are
usually
met
Waste
management
standards
are
strictly
Waste
management
by
large
holders,
but
not
always
by
small
holder.
regulated.
Manure
is
less
widely
used
for
Livestock
manure
is
widely
used
as
fer�lizer.
fer�lizer.
Smallholder
livestock
slaughterhouses
are
Slaughterhouses
generally
cer�fied,
meet
generally
uncer�fied,
including
tradi�onal
strict
standards
and
inspected.
Animal
carcass
management
slaughtering
by
villagers,
impossible
to
regulate.
Social
factor
Demogra
Increase
suscep�bility
of
popula�on
Increase
suscep�bility
of
popula�on
Knowledge,
a�tude
and
prac�ce
lack
of
knowledge
to
iden�fy
quality
of
meat,
Have
knowledge
to
iden�fy
safe
meat
toward
hygiene
and
sani�za�on
for
inadequate
knowledge
and
prac�ce
toward
food
and
prac�ce
safe
hygiene
and
sani�za�on
food
prepara�on
prepara�on,
hygiene
and
sani�za�on
in
food
prepara�on
Different
between
urban
and
rural
areas:
rural
Change
in
lifestyle
and
consumer
habit,
Consumer
trends
people
may
eat
tradi�onal
raw
foods,
urban
ea�ng
out
and
fast
food
are
preferred
Consump�on
habit
people
develop
preference
for
fast
food
8

9. 10/17/12
What
can
be
done??
Challenges
and
Gaps
Scien�fic
research
>>
Much
of
researches
have
been
done
in
epidemiology
and
molecular
microbiology.
Thus
result
are
repeated,
as
well
as
new
knowledge
are
sca�ered.
Public
Health
Infrastructure
>>
Lack
of
capacity
in
foodborne
disease
iden�fica�on.
Much
of
food
poisoning
are
under
report,
and
Public
Health
services
are
o�en
would
not
be
able
to
iden�fy
the
pathogen.
Human
>>
Disease
iden�fied
from
pa�ent
are
hardly
to
inves�gate
whether
from
food,
as
zoonoses,
or
from
lack
of
personnel
sani�za�on.
9

10. 10/17/12
Suggested
for
Further
Step
to
be�er
understand
foodborne
disease
and
emerging
foodborne
pathogen
risk,
and
risk
mi�ga�on
>>
Characterize
the
food
chains
in
Thailand
and
Viet
Nam
from
livestock
husbandry
and
produc�on
–
ecosystem
>>
Iden�fy
risk
factors
in
considera�on
of
the
food
chains,
globaliza�on
to
local
factors
>>
Household
risk
management
and
behavior:
knowledge,
a�tude
and
prac�ce
>>
Risk
percep�on
and
communica�on
Acknowledgement
Authors
would
like
to
thanks
these
following
people/organiza�on:
GIS
maps
made
by
Mr.
Kongchack
Jaidee,
Global
Health
Asia,
PH,
Mahidol
University
Livestock
informa�on,
as
well
as
the
discussion,
provided
by
Department
of
Livestock
Development
officer
Human
cases,
as
well
as
other
health
informa�on
provided
by
DPC10
10

11. 10/17/12
Thank
you!!!
11