Overview of livestock feed supply in ethiopia

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Presented by Adugna Tolera at the Inception workshop for the ‘Fodder and feed in livestock value chains in Ethiopia’ project, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21-22 February 2012

Technologie Business

Overview of Livestock Feed Subsector in Ethiopia Presented by Adugna Tolera (Hawassa University) at the Inception meeting for the ‘ Fodder and feed in livestock value chains in Ethiopia ’ project ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21-22 February 2012

Background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Feed related challenges of livestock production 1. Shortage of feeds 2. Seasonality

Potential feed resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Potential feed resources (cont…) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Natural pastures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Shrinkage of grazing land due to expansion of cropping

Grass hay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Crop residues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Maize ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cultivated forages and pastures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Some cultivated forages species ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Agro-industrial byproducts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Agro-industrial byproducts (Cont…..) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Other feeds derived from cropping systems

A sandabo weed seed being harvested for feed at Hunte farm of Bale Agricultural Development Enterprise

Nutritive value of Asandabo weed seed Component Mean Range Dry matter (%) 94.7 94.4-95.1 Ash (% DM) 5.8 3.2-9.1 Crude protein (% DM) 13.3 12.1-14.1 Neutral detergent fiber (% DM) 22.1 19.1-25.6 Acid detergent fiber (% DM) 8.6 6.1-10.7 In vitro OM digestibility (%) 79.5 77.7-81.0

Feed resources used for backyard cattle fattening Wolayta Arsi-Negelle Hararghe Crop residues Areqe atella Thinning of maize and sorghum Cut-and-carry grass Wheat straw Leaf stripping of maize and sorghum Boiled maize & haricot bean grain Wheat bran Weeds and grasses from crop fields Thinning or whole crop maize Oil seed cake (esp. linseed cake) Agricultural by-products like sweet potato vines Sweet potato vines and tuber Enset Household wastes (atella & coffee residue)

Feed industries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Challenges of livestock feed supply

Feed price trends over the last few years

How can the problems be addressed? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Non leguminous fodder- 1) Maize (Zea mays): Maize forage is more nutritious at milk stage. It is non leguminous kharif crop . it is a maintenance type fodder having 8-10% protein. 2) Jowar/sorghum (Sorghum Vulgare): Green jower contain 0.5% DCP,16% TDN, 0.13% Ca and 0.03% Phosphorus. For feeding of livestock it should be harvested at 50% flowering stage. 3) Bajra or Pearl Millet (Pennesetum typhoids) : It is harvested before flowering stage for feeding the animals. It contain 13% TDN and 0.9% DCP. 4) Oats (Avena sativa) : This is the non leguminous crop of the rabi season .It is the best crop for hay making. It is a maintenance type fodder having 7-9 % CP and 55 % TDN. Leguminous fodder : 1) Berseem (Trifolium alexandrium): Berseem is one of the most important cultivated crop of India. Kashni is the weed crop grown along with berseem. It is grown in rabi season. It contain 15% CP and 60 % TDN. But excessive intake of berseem may lead to bloat condition. 2) Lucerne (Medicago sativa) : this is the productive type fodder it contain 12-15% CP and 55- 60 % TDN 3) Lobia or Cow pea (Vigna sinensis ): It contains on an average 15% CP and 30 % crude fiber on dry matter basis. Concentrate: 1) Cereal grains- The cereal grains are high in starch and low in fibre. The DCP range between 7-10 % and TDN from 70-80%. The cereals are all deficient in Ca containing less than 1g/kg DM. the Phosphorus content is higher being 3-5g/kg . the cereal grains are deficient in Vitamin D. 2) Barley (Hordeum sativum): Barley being the second main rabi crop of India. It contains 7-8 percent DCP and 75-80 percent TDN, 0.07 percent Ca and 0.28 percent P. Barley is deficient in vitamin A, D and riboflavin but rich in niacin content. 3) Maize (Zea mays): Maize contains 7 percent DCP and 80 percent TDN. The yellow maize contains enough amount of carotene, hence good for feeding of livestock and poultry birds. It is deficient in lysine and methionine. Maize contains about 730 gm starch/ Kg DM, is very low in fibre and has a high metabolised energy value. 4) Gram: Gram contains 12 to 16 percent DCP and 78 percent TDN. Animals have great liking for this grain and so, used for preparing the concentrate mixture for feeding the livestock. 5) Jowar: Whole grains are usually fed to chickens. It contains 7 percent DCP and 74 percent TDN and high percentage of leucine.

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Overview of livestock feed supply in ethiopia

1. Overview of Livestock Feed Subsector in Ethiopia Presented by Adugna Tolera (Hawassa University) at the Inception meeting for the ‘ Fodder and feed in livestock value chains in Ethiopia ’ project ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21-22 February 2012

3. Feed related challenges of livestock production 1. Shortage of feeds 2. Seasonality

7. Shrinkage of grazing land due to expansion of cropping

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16. A sandabo weed seed being harvested for feed at Hunte farm of Bale Agricultural Development Enterprise

17. Nutritive value of Asandabo weed seed Component Mean Range Dry matter (%) 94.7 94.4-95.1 Ash (% DM) 5.8 3.2-9.1 Crude protein (% DM) 13.3 12.1-14.1 Neutral detergent fiber (% DM) 22.1 19.1-25.6 Acid detergent fiber (% DM) 8.6 6.1-10.7 In vitro OM digestibility (%) 79.5 77.7-81.0

18. Feed resources used for backyard cattle fattening Wolayta Arsi-Negelle Hararghe Crop residues Areqe atella Thinning of maize and sorghum Cut-and-carry grass Wheat straw Leaf stripping of maize and sorghum Boiled maize & haricot bean grain Wheat bran Weeds and grasses from crop fields Thinning or whole crop maize Oil seed cake (esp. linseed cake) Agricultural by-products like sweet potato vines Sweet potato vines and tuber Enset Household wastes (atella & coffee residue)

19.

20.

21. Feed price trends over the last few years

22.

23. Thank you !

Overview of livestock feed supply in ethiopia

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