Presented by Katjiuongua, H., Mbeha, B., Ntesang, K., Hendrickx, S. and Marobela, C. at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
Disease prevalence at household level in smallholder livestock production system in Botswana
1. Disease prevalence at household level in smallholder
livestock production system in Botswana
Katjiuongua, H., Mbeha, B., Ntesang, K., Hendrickx, S. & Marobela, C.
Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production
Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
2. Disease prevalence at household level
• Animal disease outbreaks: can be devastating
Direct costs
- Death of animals
- Repercussions throughout the livestock chain
- Human health and deaths
Indirect costs
- Lower productivity – slow growth, reduced efficiency of input use
- Reduced access to markets
Negatively affects competitiveness at household and national
levels
2
3. Disease prevalence at household level
Objective
– Better understand livestock diseases prevalence at household level
– Gauge: what is going on at household level
Data
– Survey of individual households – randomly selected (N = 596)
– Participatory epidemiology (PE) - Serowe, Mahalapye, Boteti, Kasane
and Selebi Phikwe (N= 699)
Findings
Way forward
3
5. Disease prevalence at household level
Participatory epidemiology :
5
Overview of most common cattle diseases reported by sub-district.
Serowe Boteti Malahapye Kasane
1 Pasteurellosis Pasteurellosis Lumpy skin disease Cutaneous streptothricosis
2 Black leg Internal parasites Pasteurellosis Fasciolosis
3 Lumpy skin disease Botulism Black leg Calf paratyphoid
4 Botulism Ophtalmia Botulism Abortion
5 Contagious abortion Heartwater Bovine ephemeralfever virus (BEFV)
6 Helminthiosis Anthrax Opthalmia
7 Abortion Mineral imbalance
8 Parasites
9 Aphosphorosis
10 Calf paratyphoid
- Most can be
prevented by
vaccination
- High
occurrence of
abortion
- Consistent with
sero results on
leptospirosis
- Kasane:
different -
fasciolosis
6. Disease prevalence at household level
Participatory epidemiology
6
- Only 2 districts: hard to
generalize
- High occurrence of
abortion
- Need to explore
leptospirosis in small
ruminants
Most common sheep and goat diseases
Serowe Kasane
1 Pasteurellosis Heartwater
2 Heartwater Contagious ecthyma
3 Enterotoxemia Abortion
4 Footrot Helminthiasis
5 Pink eye Dermatophilosis
6 Contagious abortion
7. Disease prevalence at household level
Morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates
7
- High fatality rates
from fasciolosis
(asymptomatic)
- High occurrence of
lumpy skin
Herdmorbidity,mortalityandcasefatalityrates- Kasane
Overall morbidity 38.0%
Overall mortality 23.0%
OverallCase Fatality Rate (CFR) 60.5%
CFR Dermatophilosis 58.8%
CFR Fasciolosis 69.2%
CFR LumpySkinDisease 33.3%
CFR Calf parathyphoid 50.0%
Otherdiseases(ephemeralfever, abortion) 66.7%
8. Disease prevalence at household level
Morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates
8
- Septicemic
pasteurollosis is the
cause for most
mortality
- High occurrence of
abortion
- Need to explore
leptospirosis in small
ruminants
Flock morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates- Serowe sub-district
Overall morbidity 46.0%
Overall mortality 15.0%
Overall Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 32.6%
CFR Heartwater 71.4%
CFR Helminthiosis 18.8%
CFR Pasteurellosis 80.0%
CFR contagious abortion 15.4%
Other diseases 20.0%
9. Disease prevalence at household level
9
0 50 100 150 200
Deworming
Vaccination
Curative
Ticks control
Average expenditure disease management (BWP/year)
Goats/sheep
Cattle
Animal health care
- Extension agents most
important source of
animal health
information
- Animal health
provider and input
supplier
- Use govt. veterinarians
– 80%
Average expenditure (BWP in 2012) -
livestock
Deworming 281
Curative 302
Vaccination 226
Ticks control 253
10. Disease prevalence at household level
10
Way Forward
- Need to investigate leptospirosis in small ruminants
and its zoonotic aspects
- Investing in internal and external parasites to
prevent loss of animal due to disease – important
- High worm (burden) – occurrence
- Further analysis - look at factors affecting adoption
of technologies and preventive measures of
specific diseases at household levels