The document discusses assessing livestock water productivity (LWP) in the Nile River Basin. It defines LWP as the ratio of beneficial livestock outputs to the amount of water depleted in producing them. It provides examples of ways to improve LWP, such as using crop residues for feed, improving grazing strategies, and providing drinking water. The document calls for integrated management of water and livestock across river basins to improve productivity and human well-being.

1. Toward a LWP Assessment Methodology A contribution to the Karkheh CPWF workshop ICARDA, Syria, April 2005 Presented by Don Peden, ILRI

11. The Nile: Where are the animals? Tropical Livestock Units per Km 2 <1 1-10 10-20 20-30 >30 Nile Basin

14. LWP: based on water accounting concepts WATER ENABLED OUTPUTS Beneficial: Grain, other foods, animal feed, wood, fibre Wild biodiversity Meat, milk, eggs, hides, power, manure, wealth Exported water Non-beneficial: Discharge Floods Contamination Land evoporation Transpiration Degraded/devalued Commited outflow Uncommited outflow Export Plant production Livestock production Ground water In- flow Recharge Rain Surface Inflow

15. Framework for assessing livestock water productivity (LWP) In - flow Imported feed Livestock play multiple roles that affect water productivity Trees Pasture/range Food crops Feed Grazing & watering Feed Sourcing DRINK Discharge/flood Ground Ground & soil water recharge Rain Surface In flow Evaporation Degradation Transpiration Animal production Plant production Husbandry, health & genetics

17. Relation between % crop residue in animal feed and LWP in irrigated and non-irrigated households in the Awash basin, Ethiopia Crop residue (% of total feed) Example feed sourcing strategy

19. Dry season feed availability for livestock of irrigator and non-irrigator households probably affects productivity per animal (e.g., Godino, Ethiopia) Irrigated Non-irrigated

20. Water harvesting and livestock: Belatu’s story (Preliminary results - Sasakawa Global 2000 & ILRI collaboration) 1997: Subsistence & family income less than $50/year Example feed sourcing and watering strategy

25. Should we think beyond WP and identify investment domains where with high potential for improving WP? Ag. Production systems Available Discret. water Market access Plus Urban livestock 15 Water-Livestock Development Domains Human pop. density

26. Final thought: Preliminary estimate of water depleted for maintenance feed production in the Karkheh Basin Water transpired or depleted for livestock production in the Karkheh basin based on FAO livestock corrected estimates 2000 * Many assumptions made and available on request* 563 6.60 TOTAL 243 2.78 Sheep 189 1.79 Goats 132 2.03 Cattle Million m 3 water transpired Million animal units 1 AU = 45 kg sheep

27. We look forward to collaborating with you to develop a CPWF-wide approach to assessing WP. Thank you! Water for Feed Drinking Water Health & Environment