1. Zoonotic diseases in livestock –
mitigating risk behaviour
Barbara Wieland
Team Leader Herd Health, ILRI
Uppsala Health Summit, 10-11 October 2017
2.
3. How important are livestock-keeping cultures and
traditions in the transmission of zoonoses?
4. Need to understand
- Who does what?
- Why and how?
- What is the context
and purpose of
livestock keeping?
Prevent – detect - response
5. Roles related to small ruminant health management in Ethiopia
prevent - detect
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Slaughter
Assist delivery
Breeding
Marketing
Herding
Coordinate veterinary input
Caring for sick animals
Cleaning barns
Feeding and watering
Contribution of men and women to small ruminant management in
Ethiopia
(score out of 20, other household members not shown)
Women Men
“Sheep are like ‘Injera’ ready
to be eaten, “ Fast growing
cabbage in the homestead”
(women)
“Goats are cattle gifted for the
poor” (women)
“Sheep are like money in a
pocket” (men)
6.
7.
8.
9. Awareness zoonoses, highlands Ethiopia
prevent - detect
Survey in 430 households in Ethiopia (m=217/f=213)
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
Anthrax Tapeworm GIT RespTB Rabies
Proportion of respondents aware of zoonoses
men women
source: commons.Wikimedia.org
10. Risk behavior: example dairy consumption in Borana
prevent
• Boiling of fresh milk is not common practice
o “long time tradition of Borana people for not doing so”
o the perception that “boiling of milk destroys vitamins”
o “boiled milk is considered dead”
o boiling of milk reduces the nutritional quality of milk
• However milk is boiled for children: to prevent
qullichoo (milk curdle, risk when vomiting)
source: goalglobal.org
11. Perception milk-borne diseases
prevent – detect - respond
Women highlighted health benefits of milk, but had
poor awareness of disease risks:
• “People drinking milk don't have problem. Rather, people
who don't drink milk get sick”.
• “We haven't seen milk related sickness. We haven't had
any problem because of the milk from our animals. We
use it to raise our children. We are not aware that one can
get disease from milk”
• “…The milk itself is medicine. Fresh milk can be
recommended for TB patients”
12. Mitigate risk behavior?
prevent – detect - respond
• Need for effective and culturally sensitive
communication strategies and trainings on
prevention, detection, treatment and management
• Promote good husbandry/milking practices
• Confirm effectiveness of traditional treatments
• Establish communication channels for reporting
• Address low capacity of veterinary and public health
services / infrastructure
13. prevent – detect – respond: opportunities
• Promote small, but manageable changes that are acceptable
• Changing production systems: change the way things are done
• Novel ICT-based training and communication tools
• Increasing traction for One Health approaches
14. The presentation has a Creative Commons license. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.
better lives through livestock
ilri.org
Notes de l'éditeur
“We don't boil. In other place boiled for children. If boiled, vitamin is destroyed. Milk has cream (qarruu). If ititu is prepared, when churned what becomes butter is the cream. When boiled the vitamin is destroyed, said by Borana. Smoking alone makes milk good. Milk in which cream has been removed is not good…” (IDI 36).
“We boil milk only for small children. Adults don't boil. We want that raw milk. Boiled milk is dead. Raw milk is good. Only educated people boil milk” (IDI 28).
Milk for children, reason for boiling was not to prevent milk-borne diseases:
“The reason boiled for children is qullichoo, formed when vomiting. If boiled, no qullichoo. Cream (qarruu) is removed and the milk given to children. Qullichoo can suffocate children when vomiting. Adults able to remove [the milk curdle]. In adults, no problem! The stomach is accustomed with raw [milk] “(FGD 4).