This document contains a transcript of the doctoral defense of Isabella M. Venter from the University of the Western Cape, South Africa. During the defense, the candidate was asked questions by the committee about their research topic, literature review, research design, methodology, and knowledge contribution. The research examined how participatory design and digital storytelling could be used to create an HIV/AIDS education environment in Sub-Saharan Africa. The committee inquired about how the research differed from existing literature, why not all key concepts were reviewed, and how design science research was applied through multiple contexts in East and South Africa.

1. Doctoral
defense
of
Marcus
Duveskog
Digital
storytelling
for
HIV
and
AIDS
educa7on
in
Africa
Isabella
M.
Venter
Department
of
Computer
Science
University
of
the
Western
Cape,
South
Africa

2. Sura
ya
UKIMWI
Let
us
link
to
the
digital
story

3. Research
topic
State
very
briefly,
what
your
research
is
really
about?

4. Research
topic
In
your
dissertaGon
you
did
not
state
an
hypothesis
or
an
overarching
research
quesGon.
What
would
you
say
is
your
research
quesGon?

5. Research
topic
In
your
dissertaGon
you
did
not
state
an
hypothesis
or
an
overarching
research
quesGon.
Would
it
be
correct
to
say
that
your
research
quesGon
was:
“How
should
par7cipatory
design
and
digital
storytelling,
within
a
Sub-­‐Saharan
African
milieu
be
approached
to
create
a
learning
environment
for
HIV/AIDS
educa7on?”

6. Literature
How
does
your
research
differ
from
the
exisGng
knowledge
base
on
your
topic?

7. Review
of
the
literature
How
did
you
determine
what
background
literature
to
reference?

8. Review
of
the
literature
On
Page
11
of
your
dissertaGon
you
menGon
the
key
concepts
of
your
study.
Why
did
you
not
consider
the
literature
regarding
all
of
the
key
concepts?

9. Key
Concepts
Concepts
Literature
Review
HIV/AIDS
Transferability
ParGcipatory
design
ParGcipatory
design
Digital
storytelling
Storytelling
Design
milieu
Design
milieu
Learning
environment
Ownership
AssociaGon
Trust

10. Review
of
the
literature
On
Page
11
of
your
dissertaGon
you
menGon
the
key
concepts
of
your
study.
Why
did
you
not
consider
the
literature
regarding
all
of
the
key
concepts?
You
did
however
consider
the
literature
of
concepts
not
classified
as
“key
concepts”,
why?

11. Research
Design
CroWy
defines
a
methodology
as
“a
strategy,
plan
of
ac7on,
process
or
design
lying
behind
the
choice
and
use
of
par7cular
methods
…”
(CroWy,
1998,
page
3).
The
choice
of
a
methodology
thus
determines
which
methods
are
appropriate.

12. Research
Design
Epistomology
TheoreGcal
PerspecGve
Methodology
Methods
CroWy,
M.
(1998).
The
Founda7ons
of
social
research:
Meaning
and
perspec7ve
in
the
research
process.
Crows
Nest,
New
South
Wales,
Australia:
Allen
&
Unwin.

13. Research
Design
Epistomology
TheoreGcal
PerspecGve
Methodology
Methods
Theory
of
knowledge
The
philosophical
stance
that
informs
the
methodology
Strategy
or
plan
of
ac>on
Techniques
to
gather
and
analyse
data

14. Research
Design
Is
this
assumpGon
about
your
research
design
correct?
Epistemology
Theore>cal
Perspec>ve
Methodology
Methods
ConstrucGonism
InterpreGvism
Design
Science
Research
Case
study
SubjecGvism
Anthropology
AcGon
Research
Digital
story
telling
Interviews
ParGcipatory
design
MulGlayered
Framework
of
Compiling
Digital
Artefacts
by
Extension

15. Research
Approach
• What
epistemological
stance
underpins
your
research
strategy
and
approach?

16. Research
Approach
• What
epistemological
stance
underpins
your
research
strategy
and
approach?
• How
did
these
epistemological
commitments
guide
and
influence
your
research?

17. Design
Science
Research
How
did
you
use
it?
Milieu
environment
Design
process
Science
knowledge
base
People
Needs/
problems
Strengths/
weaknesses
Infrastructure
Culture
Social
structures
Needs,
relevance.
strengths,
tesGng
scene
New
skills,
contextuali
zed
design,
relevant
soluGons
Construct
learning
environment
Co-­‐design
with
users
Grounded
in
literature
Contribu-­‐
Gons
to
science
ScienGfic
theories
and
methods
Design
process
Design
methods
Experiences
Field
experGse
plan
observe
reflect
act

18. Design
Science
Research
Can
you
explain
what
the
design
process
was
for
each
milieu
and
what
knowledge
was
added?
Milieu
Research
Context
Design
Process
Contribu>on
to
Science
Knowledge
Base
Sura
ya
UKIMWI,
Iringa,
Tanzania
Working
for
my
dreams,
Ukombozi,
Tanzania
Jali
Maisha
programming
course,
Kigudla,
Tanzania
TekkiKids,
Meraka,
Pretoria,
South
Africa
Contextualised
course
design,
Iringa,
Tanzania

19. Knowledge
producGon
Gibbons
et
al.
(1994)
and
Nowotny
et
al.
(2003)
refer
to
'Mode
1
and
Mode
2
knowledge
produc7on'
Where
Mode
1
refers
to
theore7cal
experimental
science
and
Mode
2
to
knowledge
produc7on
which
is
socially
distributed,
applica7on-­‐oriented
and
trans-­‐disciplinary
ScoO,
P.,
Gibbons,
M.,
&
Nowotny,
H.
(2003).
Mode
2
Revisited:
The
New
Produc7on
of
Knowledge.
Special
issue
devoted
to
the
new
produc7on
of
knowledge.
Minerva.
Gibbons,
M.,
Limoges,
L.,
Nowotny,
H.,
Schwartzman,
S.,
ScoO,
P.
&
Trow,
M.
(1994).
The
New
Produc7on
of
Knowledge:
The
Dynamics
of
Science
and
Research
in
Contemporary
Socie7es
(London:
Sage).

20. Knowledge
producGon
Computer
Science
is
tradiGonally
within
Mode
1.
Where
do
you
posiGon
your
research?

21. Research
domain
In
view
of
your
statements:
• Page
1
:
“the
focus
has
been
on
technology
in
educa/on
for
the
youth”
• Page
3:
that
you
enrolled
as
a
“PhD
student
in
InternaGonal
Mul>disciplinary
PhD
studies
in
Educa>onal
Technologies”
• Page
11:
“Unlike
most
related
research,
this
is
a
Computer
Science
thesis
which
also
requires
an
element
of
construcGon”
is
your
research
Mode
1
or
Mode
2?

22. Sustainability:
science
or
ficGon?
Martens,
P.
(2006).
Sustainability:
science
or
ficGon?
e-­‐Journal
Sustainability:
Science,
PracGce
&
Policy.
Vol
2,
No
1.
(pages
36-­‐41)
Mode-­‐1
Science
Mode-­‐2
Science
Academic
Academic
and
social
Mono-­‐disciplinary
Trans-­‐disciplinary
TechnocraGc
ParGcipaGve
Certain
Uncertain
PredicGve
Exploratory

23. Knowledge
producGon
Computer
Science
is
tradiGonally
within
Mode
1.
Where
do
you
posiGon
your
research?
And
how
do
you
think
Design
Science
Research
deals
with
the
Mode
1
and
Mode
2
“anomaly”?

24. Research
Design
In
retrospect,
would
you
have
changed
your
research
design?

25. Research
quesGons
and
the
research
design
How
did
you
map
the
research
quesGons
onto
the
research
design?

26. Research
quesGons
and
related
papers
Table
2:
Shows
the
links
between
the
papers
and
the
research
ques7ons
Ques>on
Summary
of
Ques>on
Related
paper
1
Added
values
of
digital
storytelling
Paper
(IV),
paper
(V)
2
Advantages
of
co-­‐designing
with
the
youth
Paper
(III),
paper
(V),
paper
(I)
3
Factors
that
facilitate
co-­‐
design
Paper
(IV),
paper
(III),
paper
(V)
4
CharacterisGcs
of
producGve
design
milieu
Paper
(VI)

27. Research
quesGons
and
papers
• In
Table
2
it
is
stated
that
Paper
IV
addresses
the
research
quesGons:
“What
values
are
added
by
making
use
of
digital
storytelling
in
the
design
of
new
learning
environments
for
Sub-­‐Saharan
Africa?”
and
“What
are
the
factors
that
facilitate
the
process
of
co-­‐
design?”
• However
in
the
discussion
about
Paper
IV,
page
60,
you
explain
“…
how
digital
technology
enhances
storytelling”
and
how
it
“neutralises
the
disadvantages
of
tradi7onal
storytelling
…”.
• You
did
not
address
the
“values
added
by
digital
storytelling”
or
“the
factors
that
facilitate
the
process
of
co-­‐
design”

28. QuesGon
versus
Paper
Ques>on
Paper
results
What
values
are
added
by
making
use
of
digital
storytelling
in
the
design
of
new
learning
environments
for
Sub-­‐Saharan
Africa?
…
how
digital
technology
enhances
storytelling
“What
are
the
factors
that
facilitate
the
process
of
co-­‐
design?
..
neutralises
the
disadvantages
of
tradi7onal
storytelling
…
Please
explain.

29. Paper
VI:
Design
milieux
for
learning
environments
in
African
contexts
Is
it
correct
to
say
that
this
paper
summarizes
the
research
over
the
research
period?

30. Paper
VI:
Design
milieux
for
learning
environments
in
African
contexts
Is
it
correct
to
say
that
this
paper
summarizes
the
research
over
the
research
period?
How
did
you
derive
the
code
book
for
scoring
the
design
milieux?

31. Please
explain
this
diagram.

32. Findings
You
discussed
the
findings
of
each
of
the
six
papers
in
Chapter
4
and
discussed
the
findings
of
the
research
ques7ons
in
the
Chapter
6
(Conclusion).
Why
did
you
opt
to
do
so?

33. Value
of
Your
Research
How
is
your
research
of
value
for
computer
science
in
general?

34. Value
of
Your
Research
How
is
your
research
of
value
for
computer
science
in
general?
Is
it
applicable
to
other
paradigms?

35. Technical
aspects
of
the
dissertaGon
How
did
you
deal
with
the
technical
preparaGon
of
the
dissertaGon?

36. Technical
aspects
of
the
dissertaGon
How
did
you
deal
with
the
technical
preparaGon
of
the
dissertaGon?
What
citaGon
style
did
you
use
for
your
references?

37. Technical
aspects
of
the
dissertaGon
How
did
you
deal
with
the
technical
preparaGon
of
the
dissertaGon?
What
citaGon
style
did
you
use
for
your
references?
Did
you
use
a
language
editor
to
edit
the
document
and
check
the
references?

38. ReflecGon
• What
are
the
main
achievements
of
your
research?

39. ReflecGon
• What
are
the
main
achievements
of
your
research?
• What
has
your
dissertaGon
contributed
to
the
knowledge
in
the
field
of
Digital
Storytelling?

40. ReflecGon
• What
are
the
main
achievements
of
your
research?
• What
has
your
dissertaGon
contributed
to
the
knowledge
in
the
field
of
Digital
Storytelling?
• What
were
the
main
challenges
of
your
research?

41. ReflecGon
• What
are
the
main
achievements
of
your
research?
• What
has
your
dissertaGon
contributed
to
the
knowledge
in
the
field
of
Digital
Storytelling?
• What
were
the
main
challenges
of
your
research?
• What
could
you
have
done
beWer?

42. ReflecGon
• What
are
the
main
achievements
of
your
research?
• What
has
your
dissertaGon
contributed
to
the
knowledge
in
the
field
of
Digital
Storytelling?
• What
were
the
main
challenges
of
your
research?
• What
could
you
have
done
beWer?
• What
are
the
remaining
issues
that
sGll
need
to
be
addressed?

43. Thank
you
hWp://us.123rf.com/450wm/sergeypykhonin/sergeypykhonin1304/
sergeypykhonin130400031/19376832-­‐student.jpg

44. Sura
ya
UKIMWI
Let
us
link
to
the
digital
story
hWp://www.cs.joensuu.fi/~duveskog/
EEPD/sura/flash