Why Cloud Computing is Different
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Andrew Pace, Executive Director of Networked Library Services, OCLC Creators of library management and inventory control systems are playing catch-up with the 21st century nature of cloud-based library collections and cloud-resident library users. Part history, part accident, and part vision for the future, moving management services to the network is an inevitable evolution of library automation with revolutionary implications. Pace will give his views about the history, present, and hopeful future for more collaborative, efficient, and effective library management services.
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Why Cloud Computing is Different
- 1. Web-scale Management: EVERY The Promise and Peril of Creating a Next- CONNECTION has a starting point. generation Library Management System Andrew K. Pace Executive Director, Networked Library Services 5th NOVEMBER 2010
- 2. Disclaimers (―about me, before OCLC‖) I am a Librarian with a Humanities background • BA (Rhetoric), The University of Virginia • M.S.L.S., The Catholic University of America I have a long and jaded history with library automation • Innovative Interfaces, Inc. (1996-1999) • product manager WebPac, Z39.50 client/server, Electronic Course Reserves, Web Management Reports • North Carolina State University, Head of IT (1999-2008) • DRA-to-Sirsi-to-SirsiDynix • Home grown ERM (―E-Matrix‖) • Project Director, NCSU Endeca discovery engine • Library Systems author, speaker, consultant, and provocateur (1994 – present) • Blogger, ―Hectic Pace,‖ (2006-present) • Columnist, ―Technically Speaking,‖ American Libraries (2004-2008) • Contributing Editor, Smart Libraries Newsletter (2003-2004) • Columnist, ―Coming Full Circle,‖ Computers in Libraries (2000-2005)
- 3. Agenda Web scale, cloud computing, and OCLC • Libraries before web scale Web-scale Management Services • Why? • What? “Web-scale management services” • An opportunity for truly next-generation library management services Breaking new ground in Library Automation Taking things apart and putting things together
- 4. Web Scale and Cloud Computing
- 5. Cloud Computing A style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT-enabled capabilities are delivered as a service to external customers using Internet technologies. -Gartner Group Simple: Web-based applications with shared data and services. Infrastructure Platform Applications Services KPMG
- 6. Why cloud computing is different “Unlike most innovations that started in the enterprise and went to the consumer, this innovation started with consumers and is now coming to the enterprise.” -Geoffrey Moore “Core Content and the Cloud” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0swJCYLH2C
- 7. The cloud provides scalability The Web is all about scale, finding ways to attract the most users for centralized resources, spreading those costs over larger and larger audiences as the technology gets more and more capable. — Chris Anderson, Editor-in-Chief, WIRED and author of The Long Tail
- 8. Libraries Before Web Scale
- 9. Peril or Promise?: XML, punchcard The library automationJava, – the text- GUI, WWW, age the the best distraction, Mainframe withera terminalsofby birth Stand-alone RDBMS – –onegreat brung ya” First“danceand dumbthe – thatOpen Source, Coming of modules, separated SaaS, cloud or era. Makingcomputing, systems or “the beginning library of scale. of integration function a bad situation. departmentbasedbestlegacy Texas circulation at Universitywebstatus” The the of of The Timeline “new” ILS. Integration & sophistication 1936 1936 1960 1960 1970 1970 1980 1980 1990 1990 2000 2000 2010 2010
- 10. In the 1970s… ILS OPAC Library Circulation Cataloging Print Users Vendors
- 11. In the 1980s… ILS Acquisitions OPAC Library Self Service Circulation Cataloging Print Users Vendors National/ Cataloging Consortial Global Utility System System
- 12. In the 1990s… ILS Acquisitions A to Z OPAC List Library Self ERM Service Circulation Cataloging Print Resolver Users Vendors Electronic Vendor National/ Cataloging Consortial Global Utility System System
- 13. In the 2000s… ILS Acquisitions A to Z OPAC List Library Self ERM Service Circulation ―[We signed on to be a pilot partner] because this is Print Users pretty much what our library Cataloging Resolver Vendors systems look like.‖ Meta- Michael Dula search Pepperdine University Libraries Electronic Institutional Repository Vendor National/ Cataloging Consortial Global Utility System System
- 14. Why web-scale management services?
- 15. Changing demand
- 17. Web scale value proposition Before cloud computing… 70 % INFRASTRUCTURE 30 % INITIATIVE Amazon.com: http://www.slideshare.net/goodfriday/amazon-web-services-building-a-webscale-computing-architecture
- 18. Web scale value proposition After cloud computing 30% INFRASTRUCTURE 70 % INITIATIVE Amazon.com: http://www.slideshare.net/goodfriday/amazon-web-services-building-a-webscale-computing-architecture
- 19. Why? • Libraries are doing more than ever • Silos, costs, time requirements, inefficiency are hindering libraries • Cloud computing has helped other industries • OCLC members have been building ―cloud‖ services for 40 years (cataloging, resource sharing, online reference…) • OCLC Web-scale Management brings the power of the cooperative to core services • Member libraries will be freed to focus on innovation
- 20. A Sea Change ―For 25 years of library automation, we‘ve had a choice of brand, and now we have a choice of kind.‖ -Marshall Breeding
- 21. Libraries and Web Scale
- 22. ―Library Web scale‖ Worldwide libraries and worldwide library transactions (PER YEAR) Libraries worldwide 1,212,383 Books: physical processing 15,517,196,010 Back-office transactions with a handful of commodity servers Possible 61,879,349 OPAC searches 105,607,800,600 Database searches 36,555,852,000 Circulation / ILL 4,983,393,968 + Adds/deletes; patron record maintenance, etc. ____________________________________________________________________ Annual transactions 166,041,975,140 18,954,563 transactions / day 5,265 transactions / second
- 23. Side note (mixing metaphors): The Cloud is Greener If all the world‘s library transactions could be managed with a handful of commodity servers, what is the current carbon footprint of the world‘s libraries?
- 24. What if… ILS Acquisitions A to Z OPAC List Library Self ERM Service Circulation Cataloging Print Resolver Users Vendors Meta- search Electronic Institutional Repository Vendor National/ Cataloging Consortial Global Utility System System
- 25. What if… Library Users Data Suppliers Partners
- 26. Efficient storage of data in the cloud: Common use data Bib Holdings Library User Contributed Common Use Data Users Suppliers Partners
- 27. Efficient storage of data in the cloud: Data by agreement Patron Circ Auth Counts Library Library Ordering Common Use Data Licenses Users Data by Agreement Suppliers Partners Partners
- 28. Efficient storage of data in the cloud: Private data Library Library Common Use Data Users Data by Agreement Suppliers Private Data Order Patron Details Partners Partners Licensing C‘Out
- 29. Roles Library Local Aggregators Users Local Visitors Jobbers Users Data Suppliers Worldwide Book Users Sellers Search Consortia Engines Partners Partners Social Utilities Libraries Sites
- 30. Scaling privacy and security
- 31. Web-scale Management Services for Libraries
- 32. Workflow Identification Deaccession & Library & Selection Preservation Acquisition Users Data Suppliers Access, Circulation, & Delivery Accession & Discovery Partners Description
- 33. Web-scale Management Components Unified Selection & Circulation Acquisitions Library WorldCat Local Subscriptions Workflow & License Engine Management Users Data Suppliers Cataloging Cooperative Partners Intelligence
- 34. The Software
- 35. 1: Discover items in WorldCat and add titles to an order
- 36. 2: Place your order: email, print, batch
- 37. 3: Patron discovers titles in WorldCat Local
- 38. 4: Staff checks out the title to the patron
- 39. 5: Patron self-service account
- 40. Advisory Council, Pilots, & Early Adopters
- 41. Next steps: Strategy Web scale Management Services Library Advisory Council Strategic direction, reality checks and moral support Helene Blowers Sarah McHugh Andrew Pace Statewide Projects OCLC, ex officio Digital Strategy Director, Librarian, Montana State Columbus Metropolitan Library Library John Helmer Mary Piorun Executive Director, Associate Director, Orbis Cascade Alliance University of Mass. Medical Center Library Jan Ison Tim Rogers Executive Director, Executive Director, NCLIVE Lincoln Trail Libraries System David Lankes John Teskey Director of Libraries, Associate Professor, University of New Syracuse University Brunswick
- 42. Tested by pilot libraries Orbis Cascade Alliance • Linfield College • Washington State University Pepperdine University Libraries Idaho Commission for Libraries • Boundary County District Library • Payette Public Library • Cooperative Information Network (CIN) CPC (Craven, Pamlico, Carteret) Regional Libraries (NC)
- 43. Early adopters: Starting the user community • Simpson University • St. Thomas University Law Library • Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation • University of Tennessee at Chattanooga • Vanguard University • Texas A&M San Antonio
- 44. Early adopters: Norway The BIBSYS organization is a government agency under the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research and is organized as a part of The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU. In addition to the HE-institutions BIBSYS also provides ILS services to The National Library of Norway and other governmental and private institutions. The BIBSYS Consortium has been active for 37 years. The main service is a highly Integrated Library System (ILS) built around a single joint catalogue: More than 100 institutions share the same bibliographic records with addition of their own holdings and classification.
- 45. Observations so far… From Early Adopters‘ Perspective— Foremost concern is not disrupting patrons Discovery cannot be separated from Management System A NextGen Catalog as the sole OPAC is a new and sometimes uncomfortable concept WorldCat as local catalog is a new and sometimes uncomfortable concept • Accustomed to ‗hiding places‘ for some records. • WorldCat still perceived as union catalog. • Local display and searching of local metadata in WorldCat
- 46. Observations so far… From WMS Team‘s Perspective— Already seeing early epiphanies of the power of cloud-based management. • Allowing for cataloging further upstream, benefiting patrons. • Allowing for sharing of traditionally siloed data (e.g. course reserve lists; vendor data). • ‗Hidden‘ local collections are shared globally. Changing library workflows & resourcing. • Cataloging staff are now Acquisitions staff and vice versa. • Reference staff role as OPAC searching experts is eroding.
- 48. Being Global: WMS Product & Development team 3 continents, 5 countries, 12 cities Acquisitions Circulation IDM/UDS Infrastructure KnowledgeBase License WorldCat Management User Interface Cookbook Vendor Information Centre Workflow Management Platform
- 50. More than an application— Web-scale Management Services represent a platform
- 51. Today‘s problem Library collections are largely inaccessible and unaddressable. The Black Box System And Library innovation is a ―Cottage Industry‖ • The difficulties of establishing an effective infrastructure for community collaboration and innovation • Very little economy of scale • A real need to move from library solutions and software development as an individual ―hobby‖ to a core industry business activity
- 52. Why cloud computing is different “If you think that you know better than ‘the cloud’, you don’t.” -Geoffrey Moore “Core Content and the Cloud” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0swJCYLH2C
- 53. Towards a developers‘ platform for library management services • The cloud should not stifle library innovation—it should better enable it • Discovery layer APIs are only the tip of the iceberg • Next-generation solutions must enable levels of access for local development and participation unparalleled in the history of library automation
- 54. Value-add Definition: The exclusive difference is the Cloud Computing “network effect” that bringing all our members together provides. Our cooperative efforts will create scale savings and efficiencies, bring wider recognition for libraries, provide cooperative intelligence for better decision-making, and provide the platform on which libraries can innovate. Required OCLC Cloud Infrastructure Web-scale Management Services for libraries Infrastructure Platform Applications Services
- 55. How the platform works Your application here
- 56. Example: Putting a Bestseller Widget into Acquisitions Live Demo anyone?
- 57. Installing the Bestseller Widget from the Application Gallery
- 58. Example: Putting a Bestseller Widget into Acquisitions
- 59. Example: Working with external services: The Amazon Budget Widget Current Budget: 4,573.21 Remaining Budget: 4,348.43 4,357.29 ―The application platform will allow us to develop power tools that could really, really streamline operations for staff.‖ Kyle Banerjee, Digital Services Program Manager Price: $8.86 Orbis Cascade Alliance (pilot participant)
- 60. Putting things together: The value of a library cooperative
- 61. Top reasons that OCLC Web-scale Management Services define a different future • Concentration of sharable data • Built by the community: WorldCat, holdings, vendors, etc. • Added for the community: knowledge base, evaluative content, etc. • Innovative and enabling technology • At best, other services are “hosted” in the cloud • System is Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) by design • Provides a Platform on which to build extended services • Built on a real workflow engine • Global collaborative community • OCLC is uniquely positioned to add the OCLC network to the data, services, and infrastructure that is being offered • Allows cooperative intelligence among libraries • Allows cooperative workflows between libraries
- 62. Top reasons that OCLC Web-scale Management Services define a different future • Concentration of sharable data ―OCLC is the organization we should be • Built by the community: WorldCat, holdings, vendors, etc. • Added for the community:we had to start evaluative content, etc. working with. If knowledge base, from scratch, we‘d want to create a nonprofit, member- • Innovative and enabling technology driven international organization to oversee • At best,this activity. The “hosted” in the cloud the other services are concept is right and • System is Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) by design • Provides a Platform onis right.‖ organization which to build extended services • Built on a real workflow engine John F. Helmer • Global collaborative community Executive Director Orbis Cascade Alliance • OCLC is uniquely positioned to add the OCLC network to the data, (Web-scale Library Advisory Council Member) services, and infrastructure that is being offered • Allows cooperative intelligence among libraries • Allows cooperative workflows between libraries
- 63. OCLC Web-scale as a ―revolutionary approach‖ “...companies distinguish themselves through defining different futures for their library customers.” — Marshall Breeding SCELC Colloquium 11 May 2010
- 64. OCLC and Libraries: Inventing the Future THANK YOU! http://www.oclc.org/webscale pacea@oclc.org