Day-3, Mr. Arvind Gujral, BSES

1. Energy Efficiency - Distribution
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Arvind Gujral
Head, Network Operations

2.  Significant 8~10% (North
America/ Europe ~ 7%)
 Can be reduced but
Unavoidable
 Lower Priority – Not on
the radar of most Discoms
 More complex – requires
detailed cause analysis
Technical loss in Distribution Network
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.

3. Cause Analysis
 Distribution component inherent losses
– iron and copper losses
 Design parameters of network
elements – rated losses
 Star rating of transformers
 Use of amorphous core –
reduction in iron losses upto
70%
Technical loss in Distribution Network
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.

4. Cause Analysis
 Supply Parameters – power
factor, harmonics, imbalance
 Load balancing at all voltage
levels
 PF control at Grid and
Distribution Transformer level
 Harmonics an increasing area
of concern due to extensive
usage of power elctronics, CFLs
etc
Technical loss in Distribution Network
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.

5. Technical loss in Distribution Network
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Total losses
0.23% 0.27% 0.32%
0.39%
0.49%
0.60%
0.74%
0.89%
1.07%
1.27%
0.00%
0.20%
0.40%
0.60%
0.80%
1.00%
1.20%
1.40%
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Total losses
Tranformer
Capacity 630 kVA
Assumed Power
Factor 0.85 Lag
Full Load Loss 6800 W
No Load Loss 1200 W
Cause analysis
Loading Conditions

6. Demand Pattern BRPL
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
00:00-00:15
00:45-01:00
01:30-01:45
02:15-02:30
03:00-03:15
03:45-04:00
04:30-04:45
05:15-05:30
06:00-06:15
06:45-07:00
07:30-07:45
08:15-08:30
09:00-09:15
09:45-10:00
10:30-10:45
11:15-11:30
12:00-12:15
12:45-13:00
13:30-13:45
14:15-14:30
15:00-15:15
15:45-16:00
16:30-16:45
17:15-17:30
18:00-18:15
18:45-19:00
19:30-19:45
20:15-20:30
21:00-21:15
21:45-22:00
22:30-22:45
23:15-23:30
Time of Day
Demand(MW)
Typical Summer Day
Typical Winter Day
Typical Day in April
Peak
Peak
Peak
Typical BRPL load curve
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Since most of the technical loss in the network is I2R loss, the losses will
rise in proportion to the square of the current loading.

7. Energy Input Growth of Delhi
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Peak growth (73.7%) is far more than energy growth (34.7%). Undesirable
shape of load curve.

8. Energy Input Growth of Delhi
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
The growth in peak demand (MVA) at app. 8% far higher than
the increase in input energy at app. 4%. Ie the City Load Factor
(avg to peak ratio) is deteriorating.
•Since network capacity has to cater to the peak demand,
higher Capex is required
•However the capacity to earn returns on the investement will
be lower due to the lower growth in actual throughput in MU’s
•Higher technical losses at peak loading conditions
Urgent need for interventions required to flatten the load curve - DSM

9. DSM – Other Imperatives
• Optimum utilization of Generation, Transmission and
Distribution assets
• Discoms typically tie up base load thru long term PPA’s, but
peak load power is procured thru bilaterals, at a higher cost
• At the same time excess power during lean periods is being
disposed of thru UI mechanism at nominal rates, adding to
the average cost of power
• Consumer awarness and participation in energy conservation
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.

10. DSM for Load curve Flattening
Energy storage
• Electricity rate fluctuates in a day – from
maximum to minimum
• Storage system – consumer can store during
non peak .
• Storage by Utilities
Demand Response
• Technology to shift load
• Technology to conserve load
• Demand response system
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
Time of Day Tariffs
• Incentive to consumers to shift to off peak hours
• Does not require any new technology/ investment
• Voluntary – consumer friendly

11.  Introduced in Delhi by DERC in 2012
 Applicable to non-domestic consumers >100KVA
 Summers: +10% during peak hrs and -10% during off peak
(peak 3pm- 12midnight, off peak 12-6am)
 Winters: +5% during peak hours and -10% during off peak
(peak 5-11pm, off peak 11pm to 6am)
 Impact found to be marginal, of the order of 2% across the
applicable segment
 Based on discussions with the Discoms, and their
recommendation, this has now been increased to
 Summers +/- 15%
 Winters +10/ -15%
TOD Tarrifs in Delhi
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.

12.  Demand response (load response) is
“reduction of electricity use by end-
use customers in response to power
grid needs, economic signals from a
competitive wholesale market or
special retail rates”
 Provide opportunities for end-use
customers to realize value for
reduction in demand
 Demand response can compete
equally with generation markets
Demand Response BRPL
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
BRPL DR Program
Facilitator to coordinate DR
• Capacity 25 MW
• Availability …… 100 Hrs/ year
• Typical cost 4.75Rs/ KWh .
• Only for volunteers
• Incentive for consumers.
• Response time .. 45 Mins

13.  Becoming popular
 It is a virtual generation system – Most
environment friendly.
 100% contribute when network is on
stress. A true peak curtailing
mechanism
 Leads towards energy Conservation.
Consumer become knowledgeable as
how to reduce consumption.
 Totally Volunteers based
Demand Response
Demand response cannot be
compared with load shedding
DR helps in reducing peak technical
loss
DR need policy support
Can DR Negawatt can be compared
with renewable energy = DR
obligation
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.

14. IF we store energy when it
is surplus & rates are at the
lowest and consume when
there are shortages & rates
are high
DSM Initiatives – Energy Storage
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.

15. Principle
 Energy storage is a solution to
flatten the load curve
 Energy can be stored in another
form – thermal or Battery
 When reused – part is lost in
process
 Stored energy can be used as and
when required
Energy Storage - Principle
Electric storage also helps in improving supply quality and Reliability
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.

16. Energy Storage - Business Model
BRPL had identified a requirement of 100MWh Battery for its grids.
• System Purchase by DISCOM
• Rental basis – banking charges
• Sale –purchase basis
• Charging ( selling to battery)
• Discharging ( buying from battery)
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.

17. 17BSES Rajdhani Power Limited.
arvind.gujral@relianceada.com
Phone 011-39999959