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Nozomi Kawarazuka "Understanding Gender Relations" case study presentation
1. Understanding gender relations:
a case study in South Kilifi, Kenya
Nozomi Kawarazuka
School of International Development
University of East Anglia, U.K
2. Current understandings on gender and nutrition
Focusing on gender characteristics
Expected Pathways
agriculture women nutrition
capital
technologies
markets
Incomes
kowledge
autonomy
input
outcomes
2/10
Women
Men
Incomes/expenditures
Gender roles in agriculture
Bargaining power
3. Current understandings on gender and nutrition
men
women
power
ritualsdiscourse
(languages)
economic
processes
culture
emotion
farming
homes
bars
Routine
practices
schools
Connell (2009)
3/10
Looking at gender relations
Changeable
Masculinities
4. Research methods
• 8 months of ethnographic fieldwork
• Selected 8 women and 8 men
Observation
Life history
In-depth interviews
4/10
6. Findings (1)
Gender relations in local agriculture/fisheries
Men
Fishing
Tapping
Men
Drinking
at local bars
Women
Processing
Selling
Children
Womencash cash
cash
6/10
Fish
wine
Fish
wine
Masculinities
7. Findings (1)
Gender relations in agriculture/fisheries
Men
Fishing
Tapping
Men
Drinking
at local bars
Women
Processing
Selling
Children
Womencash cash
cash
7/10
Fish
wine
Fish
wine
support supportDepending
on women
Safety net
8. Findings (2)
Gender relations in family
• Women’s diverse and dynamic gender positions
A widow woman with seven sons
A divorcee with a wealthy male partner
A single mother living with her mother and ten siblings
A young married woman without a son
• The source of women’s bargaining power at home
Reproductive roles
Their capacity to manage housework
(fetching water, collecting firewood, cooking)
Seniority
Cash (not necessarily from economic activities)
8/10
9. Findings (2)
Gender relations in family
• fatherhood
Institutional power
(ex. inheritance rules of land, bride wealth)
↓
Cash = masculinities
alternative masculinities :violence, girl friends, drinking
9/10
10. Key messages
• Gender relations beyond characteristics
Women are not a homogenous group
What women lack → why they do so
Gendered behaviors influence women’s practices
Incorporating men into agriculture and nutrition
• The role of qualitative studies
More nuanced understandings
Developing context specific approaches
10/10