SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  20
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Water Reuse in
MENA:
status, prospects and
challenges
Javier Mateo-Sagasta
Municipal wastewater
Direct Reuse
Types of reuse
Indirect Reuse
Types of reuse
18 MENA countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
MENA Region
Climate change Population growth and urbanization
Migration Pollution
Direct Water Reuse is a response to WATER SCARCITY, aggravated by:
99% Water
Valuable resources:
• Organic carbon
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorus
Hazards:
• Pathogens
• Dangerous
Chemicals
Agriculture
•Water all year round
•Nutrients and organic matter
•Higher yields
•More crops/year
•Closer to cities
•Higher incomes
Cities
•Food security
•Additional wastewater treatment
•Water exchanges with agriculture
Environment
•Lower pollution
•Freshwater conservation
Benefits from water reuse
Wastewater production in MENA
Municipal wastewater produced: 18.9 km3
Sources: AQUASTAT, GWI and AWC 2019. Map with data from Jones et al 2021
Per capita wastewater generation in MENA
Source: Velpuri and Mateo-Sagasta 2021 forthcoming
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Trends in municipal wastewater generation (km3)
Egypt
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Morocco
Israel
Bahrain
Source: AQUASTAT, GWI and AWC 2019
Wastewater production, treatment
and direct reuse in MENA
Municipal wastewater produced
18.9 km3
Actual treatment
< 25%?
Treatment capacity
~45%
Planned and
direct use of
treated ww
Source: AQUASTAT, GWI and AWC 2019
Wastedwater
Missed
opportunities
Production
Collection
Collected Not
collected
Treatment
Discharge
and/or Use
Direct
use
Indirect
use
Indirect
use
Direct
use
Loss
(sea, land, river)
Municipal
wastewater
Treated Not treated
Wastewater production and fate in
MENA
Municipal wastewater 18.9 km3
Indirect
reuse
10-15%
Loss
(Sea outfall, on land,
rivers…)
65-85%
Sources: AQUASTAT, GWI 2020, AWC 2019, Velpuri and Mateo-Sagasta 2021 forthcoming
Direct
reuse
(treated)
5-10%
Direct
reuse
(untreated)
??
Key objectives for reuse policies:
Recover and resue loss wastewater when feasible
Understand health risks, particularly in indirect reuse
Make reuse safer (WHO 2016, Multiple barriers)
High costs and lack of
cost recovery
mechanisms
• Who will pay for the costs of
a reuse project?
Challenges
Cultural barriers
and distrust
• Yuck factor
• Religious concerns
Challenges
Over-stringent
regulations
• Prohibitive costs for
treatment
• Some times ignored and
therefore ineffective
Institutional
fragmentation
• Are responsibilities and
jurisdictions among national
and local authorities and
stakeholders clear?
Conclusions
Status:
18.9 Km3 of municipal wastewater produced in MENA
>65% wastewater is lost with no productive use
Productive reuse is often not safe
Missed opportunities for resource recovery and to improve healh
Objectives:
Recover loss wastewater when feasible
Better risk assessments at national and local level
Implementation of feasible risk mitigation option from farm to fork
Challenges:
High costs and lack of cost recovery, cultural barriers and distrust, institutional fragmentation, improper
regulations…
Bright examples:
with potential for replication and with opportunities for cross-learning in the region
Thanks!
For more information contact Javier Mateo-Sagasta
Senior researcher and coordinator -Water Quality
Project Leader- ReWater MENA
at:
J.mateo-sagasta@cgiar.org
For more information on the ReWaterMENA project visit:
https://rewater-mena.iwmi.org/

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

Can water productivity improvements save us from global water scarcity?
Can water productivity improvements save us from global water scarcity?Can water productivity improvements save us from global water scarcity?
Can water productivity improvements save us from global water scarcity?
 
Building Resilience Through Better Agricultural Water Management - David Mold...
Building Resilience Through Better Agricultural Water Management - David Mold...Building Resilience Through Better Agricultural Water Management - David Mold...
Building Resilience Through Better Agricultural Water Management - David Mold...
 
Sustainable, Just and Productive Water Resources Development in Western Nepal...
Sustainable, Just and Productive Water Resources Development in Western Nepal...Sustainable, Just and Productive Water Resources Development in Western Nepal...
Sustainable, Just and Productive Water Resources Development in Western Nepal...
 
Characterizing flood based farming systems in the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar
Characterizing flood based farming systems in the Ayeyarwady Delta of MyanmarCharacterizing flood based farming systems in the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar
Characterizing flood based farming systems in the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar
 
IWMI Strategy 2019-2023
IWMI Strategy 2019-2023IWMI Strategy 2019-2023
IWMI Strategy 2019-2023
 
Institutionalizing Water Accounting - Overview
Institutionalizing Water Accounting - Overview Institutionalizing Water Accounting - Overview
Institutionalizing Water Accounting - Overview
 
Capture of Tyre and Road Wear Particles from Wastewater and Stormwater
Capture of Tyre and Road Wear Particles from Wastewater and StormwaterCapture of Tyre and Road Wear Particles from Wastewater and Stormwater
Capture of Tyre and Road Wear Particles from Wastewater and Stormwater
 
Water
WaterWater
Water
 
African Farmer-led Irrigation Development: re-framing agricultural investments?
African Farmer-led Irrigation Development: re-framing agricultural investments?African Farmer-led Irrigation Development: re-framing agricultural investments?
African Farmer-led Irrigation Development: re-framing agricultural investments?
 
Using data and innovative solutions to deliver on the Water SDGs
Using data and innovative solutions to deliver on the Water SDGsUsing data and innovative solutions to deliver on the Water SDGs
Using data and innovative solutions to deliver on the Water SDGs
 
Agriculture and Water
Agriculture and WaterAgriculture and Water
Agriculture and Water
 
Poster: Urban sanitation: entrepreneurships among the urban poor for waste re...
Poster: Urban sanitation: entrepreneurships among the urban poor for waste re...Poster: Urban sanitation: entrepreneurships among the urban poor for waste re...
Poster: Urban sanitation: entrepreneurships among the urban poor for waste re...
 
The Water Energy and Food Security Nexus - is it really new?
The Water Energy and Food Security Nexus - is it really new?The Water Energy and Food Security Nexus - is it really new?
The Water Energy and Food Security Nexus - is it really new?
 
Enhancing Resilience of Water Resources Systems through Knowledge Generation ...
Enhancing Resilience of Water Resources Systems through Knowledge Generation ...Enhancing Resilience of Water Resources Systems through Knowledge Generation ...
Enhancing Resilience of Water Resources Systems through Knowledge Generation ...
 
Innovative Business Models for Scaling-Up Resource Recovery from Fecal Sludge
Innovative Business Models for Scaling-Up Resource Recovery from Fecal SludgeInnovative Business Models for Scaling-Up Resource Recovery from Fecal Sludge
Innovative Business Models for Scaling-Up Resource Recovery from Fecal Sludge
 
Improving Agriculture Water Management in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges
Improving Agriculture Water Management in Africa: Opportunities and ChallengesImproving Agriculture Water Management in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges
Improving Agriculture Water Management in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges
 
Durable Solutions to Water Scarcity and Land Degradation
Durable Solutions to Water Scarcity and Land DegradationDurable Solutions to Water Scarcity and Land Degradation
Durable Solutions to Water Scarcity and Land Degradation
 
Application of the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus concept to transboundary riv...
Application of the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus concept to transboundary riv...Application of the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus concept to transboundary riv...
Application of the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus concept to transboundary riv...
 
IWMI’s New 2019-2023 Strategy and Implications for the Nepal Program
IWMI’s New 2019-2023 Strategy and Implications for the Nepal ProgramIWMI’s New 2019-2023 Strategy and Implications for the Nepal Program
IWMI’s New 2019-2023 Strategy and Implications for the Nepal Program
 
Evidence-based solutions for a water-secure world: Partnership to increase in...
Evidence-based solutions for a water-secure world: Partnership to increase in...Evidence-based solutions for a water-secure world: Partnership to increase in...
Evidence-based solutions for a water-secure world: Partnership to increase in...
 

Similaire à Water reuse in MENA: Status, prospects and challenges

DRM Webinar III: Benefits of farm-level disaster risk reduction practices in ...
DRM Webinar III: Benefits of farm-level disaster risk reduction practices in ...DRM Webinar III: Benefits of farm-level disaster risk reduction practices in ...
DRM Webinar III: Benefits of farm-level disaster risk reduction practices in ...
FAO
 
T5 mohammed karrou supplemental irrigation exec summary
T5 mohammed karrou supplemental irrigation  exec summaryT5 mohammed karrou supplemental irrigation  exec summary
T5 mohammed karrou supplemental irrigation exec summary
NENAwaterscarcity
 
EU DG Climate Action Initiative
EU DG Climate Action InitiativeEU DG Climate Action Initiative
EU DG Climate Action Initiative
climasouth
 
Chapter 9 sustainibility of water resources
Chapter 9 sustainibility of water resourcesChapter 9 sustainibility of water resources
Chapter 9 sustainibility of water resources
Mohammed Salahat
 

Similaire à Water reuse in MENA: Status, prospects and challenges (20)

Agriculture Water Productivity
Agriculture Water Productivity Agriculture Water Productivity
Agriculture Water Productivity
 
G. cairo and suistanable development tamer elbakry 14-mar17
G. cairo and suistanable development tamer elbakry 14-mar17G. cairo and suistanable development tamer elbakry 14-mar17
G. cairo and suistanable development tamer elbakry 14-mar17
 
Wastewater Treatment in Arab region_An unexploited opprtunity for agricultura...
Wastewater Treatment in Arab region_An unexploited opprtunity for agricultura...Wastewater Treatment in Arab region_An unexploited opprtunity for agricultura...
Wastewater Treatment in Arab region_An unexploited opprtunity for agricultura...
 
SDG in Nepal(WASH) and Stakeholder's roles and responsibilties
SDG in Nepal(WASH) and Stakeholder's roles and responsibiltiesSDG in Nepal(WASH) and Stakeholder's roles and responsibilties
SDG in Nepal(WASH) and Stakeholder's roles and responsibilties
 
The Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Useful Concept at the Science-Policy Interface?
The Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Useful Concept at the Science-Policy Interface?The Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Useful Concept at the Science-Policy Interface?
The Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Useful Concept at the Science-Policy Interface?
 
Session 20 kittenah jordan cca health
Session 20 kittenah jordan cca healthSession 20 kittenah jordan cca health
Session 20 kittenah jordan cca health
 
DRM Webinar III: Benefits of farm-level disaster risk reduction practices in ...
DRM Webinar III: Benefits of farm-level disaster risk reduction practices in ...DRM Webinar III: Benefits of farm-level disaster risk reduction practices in ...
DRM Webinar III: Benefits of farm-level disaster risk reduction practices in ...
 
Files15 file2289
Files15 file2289Files15 file2289
Files15 file2289
 
Nepal kathmandu wani
Nepal kathmandu waniNepal kathmandu wani
Nepal kathmandu wani
 
Improve on-farm irrigation management
Improve on-farm irrigation managementImprove on-farm irrigation management
Improve on-farm irrigation management
 
Innovations built on traditional knowledge and modern technology for sustaina...
Innovations built on traditional knowledge and modern technology for sustaina...Innovations built on traditional knowledge and modern technology for sustaina...
Innovations built on traditional knowledge and modern technology for sustaina...
 
T5 mohammed karrou supplemental irrigation exec summary
T5 mohammed karrou supplemental irrigation  exec summaryT5 mohammed karrou supplemental irrigation  exec summary
T5 mohammed karrou supplemental irrigation exec summary
 
Addressing the rights and ownership challenge: gender, and land / water tenure
Addressing the rights and ownership challenge: gender, and land / water tenureAddressing the rights and ownership challenge: gender, and land / water tenure
Addressing the rights and ownership challenge: gender, and land / water tenure
 
T5: Supplemental irrigation: Case of Tadla region in Morocco
T5: Supplemental irrigation: Case of Tadla region in MoroccoT5: Supplemental irrigation: Case of Tadla region in Morocco
T5: Supplemental irrigation: Case of Tadla region in Morocco
 
IWMI in Action - A Water Secure World
IWMI in Action - A Water Secure WorldIWMI in Action - A Water Secure World
IWMI in Action - A Water Secure World
 
Research Outputs and Approaches to Enhance Food Security and Improve Livelih...
Research Outputs and Approaches  to Enhance Food Security and Improve Livelih...Research Outputs and Approaches  to Enhance Food Security and Improve Livelih...
Research Outputs and Approaches to Enhance Food Security and Improve Livelih...
 
Research Outputs and Approaches to enhance Food Security, Dr. Mahmoud Solh, I...
Research Outputs and Approaches to enhance Food Security, Dr. Mahmoud Solh, I...Research Outputs and Approaches to enhance Food Security, Dr. Mahmoud Solh, I...
Research Outputs and Approaches to enhance Food Security, Dr. Mahmoud Solh, I...
 
Ministerial Presentations SWA 2016 Ministerial Meeting , Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Ministerial Presentations SWA 2016 Ministerial Meeting , Addis Ababa, EthiopiaMinisterial Presentations SWA 2016 Ministerial Meeting , Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Ministerial Presentations SWA 2016 Ministerial Meeting , Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
 
EU DG Climate Action Initiative
EU DG Climate Action InitiativeEU DG Climate Action Initiative
EU DG Climate Action Initiative
 
Chapter 9 sustainibility of water resources
Chapter 9 sustainibility of water resourcesChapter 9 sustainibility of water resources
Chapter 9 sustainibility of water resources
 

Plus de International Water Management Institute (IWMI)

Plus de International Water Management Institute (IWMI) (20)

ACDI VOCA: Experience with bundling innovations and services in ADVANCE I & I...
ACDI VOCA: Experience with bundling innovations and services in ADVANCE I & I...ACDI VOCA: Experience with bundling innovations and services in ADVANCE I & I...
ACDI VOCA: Experience with bundling innovations and services in ADVANCE I & I...
 
A compilation of presentations made at the 7th Small Scale Irrigation Multi-S...
A compilation of presentations made at the 7th Small Scale Irrigation Multi-S...A compilation of presentations made at the 7th Small Scale Irrigation Multi-S...
A compilation of presentations made at the 7th Small Scale Irrigation Multi-S...
 
ClimBeR – Governance for Resilience (G4R) - French version
ClimBeR – Governance for Resilience (G4R) - French versionClimBeR – Governance for Resilience (G4R) - French version
ClimBeR – Governance for Resilience (G4R) - French version
 
ClimBeR – Governance for Resilience (G4R)
ClimBeR – Governance for Resilience (G4R)ClimBeR – Governance for Resilience (G4R)
ClimBeR – Governance for Resilience (G4R)
 
Groundwater irrigation for building climate resilience in West Africa_ IWMI-E...
Groundwater irrigation for building climate resilience in West Africa_ IWMI-E...Groundwater irrigation for building climate resilience in West Africa_ IWMI-E...
Groundwater irrigation for building climate resilience in West Africa_ IWMI-E...
 
Systemic, adaptive approach for scaling groundwater irrigation in West Africa
Systemic, adaptive approach  for scaling groundwater  irrigation in West AfricaSystemic, adaptive approach  for scaling groundwater  irrigation in West Africa
Systemic, adaptive approach for scaling groundwater irrigation in West Africa
 
Groundwater and the Untapped Potential for Building Climate Resilience in W...
Groundwater and the Untapped  Potential for Building Climate  Resilience in W...Groundwater and the Untapped  Potential for Building Climate  Resilience in W...
Groundwater and the Untapped Potential for Building Climate Resilience in W...
 
Develop and implement an incremental improvement plan: Module Five
Develop and implement an incremental improvement plan: Module Five Develop and implement an incremental improvement plan: Module Five
Develop and implement an incremental improvement plan: Module Five
 
Identify hazards, assess existing control measures, and assess exposure risks...
Identify hazards, assess existing control measures, and assess exposure risks...Identify hazards, assess existing control measures, and assess exposure risks...
Identify hazards, assess existing control measures, and assess exposure risks...
 
Identify hazards, assess existing control measures, and assess exposure risk...
Identify hazards, assess existing control measures, and assess  exposure risk...Identify hazards, assess existing control measures, and assess  exposure risk...
Identify hazards, assess existing control measures, and assess exposure risk...
 
Describe the existing sanitation system - Module Three of Governance and Reus...
Describe the existing sanitation system - Module Three of Governance and Reus...Describe the existing sanitation system - Module Three of Governance and Reus...
Describe the existing sanitation system - Module Three of Governance and Reus...
 
Prepare for Reuse/Sanitation Safety Plan - Module Two of Governance and Reuse...
Prepare for Reuse/Sanitation Safety Plan - Module Two of Governance and Reuse...Prepare for Reuse/Sanitation Safety Plan - Module Two of Governance and Reuse...
Prepare for Reuse/Sanitation Safety Plan - Module Two of Governance and Reuse...
 
Introduction to Reuse/Sanitation Safety Planning and Governance System - Modu...
Introduction to Reuse/Sanitation Safety Planning and Governance System - Modu...Introduction to Reuse/Sanitation Safety Planning and Governance System - Modu...
Introduction to Reuse/Sanitation Safety Planning and Governance System - Modu...
 
Drought Challenges: Policy Options for Developing Countries
Drought Challenges: Policy Options for Developing CountriesDrought Challenges: Policy Options for Developing Countries
Drought Challenges: Policy Options for Developing Countries
 
Water Accounting Team and Reporting Framework
 Water Accounting Team and Reporting Framework Water Accounting Team and Reporting Framework
Water Accounting Team and Reporting Framework
 
Characterizing rural households’ historical behaviour and experience with CKD...
Characterizing rural households’ historical behaviour and experience with CKD...Characterizing rural households’ historical behaviour and experience with CKD...
Characterizing rural households’ historical behaviour and experience with CKD...
 
The potential role of Digital Innovations in addressing water challenges
The potential role of Digital Innovations in addressing water challengesThe potential role of Digital Innovations in addressing water challenges
The potential role of Digital Innovations in addressing water challenges
 
The SDGs and Environmental Flows
The SDGs and Environmental FlowsThe SDGs and Environmental Flows
The SDGs and Environmental Flows
 
Setting Quantitative National-level Targets for Management of Natural Resourc...
Setting Quantitative National-level Targets for Management of Natural Resourc...Setting Quantitative National-level Targets for Management of Natural Resourc...
Setting Quantitative National-level Targets for Management of Natural Resourc...
 
Gendered tenurial niches and access to the informal irrigation in the Kandeu ...
Gendered tenurial niches and access to the informal irrigation in the Kandeu ...Gendered tenurial niches and access to the informal irrigation in the Kandeu ...
Gendered tenurial niches and access to the informal irrigation in the Kandeu ...
 

Dernier

Dubai Escorts Service 0508644382 Escorts in Dubai
Dubai Escorts Service 0508644382 Escorts in DubaiDubai Escorts Service 0508644382 Escorts in Dubai
Dubai Escorts Service 0508644382 Escorts in Dubai
Monica Sydney
 
Disaster risk reduction management Module 4: Preparedness, Prevention and Mit...
Disaster risk reduction management Module 4: Preparedness, Prevention and Mit...Disaster risk reduction management Module 4: Preparedness, Prevention and Mit...
Disaster risk reduction management Module 4: Preparedness, Prevention and Mit...
BrixsonLajara
 

Dernier (20)

Vip Salem Call Girls 8250092165 Low Price Escorts Service in Your Area
Vip Salem Call Girls 8250092165 Low Price Escorts Service in Your AreaVip Salem Call Girls 8250092165 Low Price Escorts Service in Your Area
Vip Salem Call Girls 8250092165 Low Price Escorts Service in Your Area
 
Sensual Call Girls in Surajpur { 9332606886 } VVIP NISHA Call Girls Near 5 St...
Sensual Call Girls in Surajpur { 9332606886 } VVIP NISHA Call Girls Near 5 St...Sensual Call Girls in Surajpur { 9332606886 } VVIP NISHA Call Girls Near 5 St...
Sensual Call Girls in Surajpur { 9332606886 } VVIP NISHA Call Girls Near 5 St...
 
Yil Me Hu Summer 2023 Edition - Nisqually Salmon Recovery Newsletter
Yil Me Hu Summer 2023 Edition - Nisqually Salmon Recovery NewsletterYil Me Hu Summer 2023 Edition - Nisqually Salmon Recovery Newsletter
Yil Me Hu Summer 2023 Edition - Nisqually Salmon Recovery Newsletter
 
Deforestation
DeforestationDeforestation
Deforestation
 
Low Rate Call Girls Boudh 9332606886 HOT & SEXY Models beautiful and charmin...
Low Rate Call Girls Boudh  9332606886 HOT & SEXY Models beautiful and charmin...Low Rate Call Girls Boudh  9332606886 HOT & SEXY Models beautiful and charmin...
Low Rate Call Girls Boudh 9332606886 HOT & SEXY Models beautiful and charmin...
 
Climate Change
Climate ChangeClimate Change
Climate Change
 
High Profile Call Girls Service in Udhampur 9332606886 High Profile Call G...
High Profile Call Girls Service in Udhampur   9332606886  High Profile Call G...High Profile Call Girls Service in Udhampur   9332606886  High Profile Call G...
High Profile Call Girls Service in Udhampur 9332606886 High Profile Call G...
 
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen in Transportation - An Introduction
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen in Transportation - An IntroductionFuel Cells and Hydrogen in Transportation - An Introduction
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen in Transportation - An Introduction
 
Top Call Girls in Dholpur { 9332606886 } VVIP NISHA Call Girls Near 5 Star Hotel
Top Call Girls in Dholpur { 9332606886 } VVIP NISHA Call Girls Near 5 Star HotelTop Call Girls in Dholpur { 9332606886 } VVIP NISHA Call Girls Near 5 Star Hotel
Top Call Girls in Dholpur { 9332606886 } VVIP NISHA Call Girls Near 5 Star Hotel
 
A Review on Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan of ...
A Review on Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan of ...A Review on Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan of ...
A Review on Integrated River Basin Management and Development Master Plan of ...
 
Green Marketing
Green MarketingGreen Marketing
Green Marketing
 
Dubai Escorts Service 0508644382 Escorts in Dubai
Dubai Escorts Service 0508644382 Escorts in DubaiDubai Escorts Service 0508644382 Escorts in Dubai
Dubai Escorts Service 0508644382 Escorts in Dubai
 
Environmental Topic : Soil Pollution by Afzalul Hoda.pptx
Environmental Topic : Soil Pollution by Afzalul Hoda.pptxEnvironmental Topic : Soil Pollution by Afzalul Hoda.pptx
Environmental Topic : Soil Pollution by Afzalul Hoda.pptx
 
RATING SYSTEMS- IGBC, GRIHA, LEED--.pptx
RATING  SYSTEMS- IGBC, GRIHA, LEED--.pptxRATING  SYSTEMS- IGBC, GRIHA, LEED--.pptx
RATING SYSTEMS- IGBC, GRIHA, LEED--.pptx
 
Top Call Girls in Bishnupur 9332606886 High Profile Call Girls You Can Get...
Top Call Girls in Bishnupur   9332606886  High Profile Call Girls You Can Get...Top Call Girls in Bishnupur   9332606886  High Profile Call Girls You Can Get...
Top Call Girls in Bishnupur 9332606886 High Profile Call Girls You Can Get...
 
Hook Up Call Girls Rajgir 9332606886 High Profile Call Girls You Can Get T...
Hook Up Call Girls Rajgir   9332606886  High Profile Call Girls You Can Get T...Hook Up Call Girls Rajgir   9332606886  High Profile Call Girls You Can Get T...
Hook Up Call Girls Rajgir 9332606886 High Profile Call Girls You Can Get T...
 
Mira Road Reasonable Call Girls ,09167354423,Kashimira Call Girls Service
Mira Road Reasonable Call Girls ,09167354423,Kashimira Call Girls ServiceMira Road Reasonable Call Girls ,09167354423,Kashimira Call Girls Service
Mira Road Reasonable Call Girls ,09167354423,Kashimira Call Girls Service
 
Russian Call girl Dubai 0503464457 Dubai Call girls
Russian Call girl Dubai 0503464457 Dubai Call girlsRussian Call girl Dubai 0503464457 Dubai Call girls
Russian Call girl Dubai 0503464457 Dubai Call girls
 
Disaster risk reduction management Module 4: Preparedness, Prevention and Mit...
Disaster risk reduction management Module 4: Preparedness, Prevention and Mit...Disaster risk reduction management Module 4: Preparedness, Prevention and Mit...
Disaster risk reduction management Module 4: Preparedness, Prevention and Mit...
 
RA 7942:vThe Philippine Mining Act of 1995
RA 7942:vThe Philippine Mining Act of 1995RA 7942:vThe Philippine Mining Act of 1995
RA 7942:vThe Philippine Mining Act of 1995
 

Water reuse in MENA: Status, prospects and challenges

  • 1. Water Reuse in MENA: status, prospects and challenges Javier Mateo-Sagasta
  • 5. 18 MENA countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. MENA Region
  • 6. Climate change Population growth and urbanization Migration Pollution Direct Water Reuse is a response to WATER SCARCITY, aggravated by:
  • 7. 99% Water Valuable resources: • Organic carbon • Nitrogen • Phosphorus Hazards: • Pathogens • Dangerous Chemicals
  • 8. Agriculture •Water all year round •Nutrients and organic matter •Higher yields •More crops/year •Closer to cities •Higher incomes Cities •Food security •Additional wastewater treatment •Water exchanges with agriculture Environment •Lower pollution •Freshwater conservation Benefits from water reuse
  • 9. Wastewater production in MENA Municipal wastewater produced: 18.9 km3 Sources: AQUASTAT, GWI and AWC 2019. Map with data from Jones et al 2021
  • 10. Per capita wastewater generation in MENA Source: Velpuri and Mateo-Sagasta 2021 forthcoming
  • 11. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Trends in municipal wastewater generation (km3) Egypt Saudi Arabia UAE Morocco Israel Bahrain Source: AQUASTAT, GWI and AWC 2019
  • 12. Wastewater production, treatment and direct reuse in MENA Municipal wastewater produced 18.9 km3 Actual treatment < 25%? Treatment capacity ~45% Planned and direct use of treated ww Source: AQUASTAT, GWI and AWC 2019
  • 15. Wastewater production and fate in MENA Municipal wastewater 18.9 km3 Indirect reuse 10-15% Loss (Sea outfall, on land, rivers…) 65-85% Sources: AQUASTAT, GWI 2020, AWC 2019, Velpuri and Mateo-Sagasta 2021 forthcoming Direct reuse (treated) 5-10% Direct reuse (untreated) ??
  • 16. Key objectives for reuse policies: Recover and resue loss wastewater when feasible Understand health risks, particularly in indirect reuse Make reuse safer (WHO 2016, Multiple barriers)
  • 17. High costs and lack of cost recovery mechanisms • Who will pay for the costs of a reuse project? Challenges Cultural barriers and distrust • Yuck factor • Religious concerns
  • 18. Challenges Over-stringent regulations • Prohibitive costs for treatment • Some times ignored and therefore ineffective Institutional fragmentation • Are responsibilities and jurisdictions among national and local authorities and stakeholders clear?
  • 19. Conclusions Status: 18.9 Km3 of municipal wastewater produced in MENA >65% wastewater is lost with no productive use Productive reuse is often not safe Missed opportunities for resource recovery and to improve healh Objectives: Recover loss wastewater when feasible Better risk assessments at national and local level Implementation of feasible risk mitigation option from farm to fork Challenges: High costs and lack of cost recovery, cultural barriers and distrust, institutional fragmentation, improper regulations… Bright examples: with potential for replication and with opportunities for cross-learning in the region
  • 20. Thanks! For more information contact Javier Mateo-Sagasta Senior researcher and coordinator -Water Quality Project Leader- ReWater MENA at: J.mateo-sagasta@cgiar.org For more information on the ReWaterMENA project visit: https://rewater-mena.iwmi.org/