MariaDB is a fork of MySQL. MariaDB 10.1 was the first stable release in October 2015 and introduced features like Galera, encryption, and page compression. MariaDB 10.2 was released in May 2017 and included MyRocks storage engine, Flashback queries, window functions, and switched the default storage engine from XtraDB to InnoDB. MariaDB 10.3 is currently in alpha and will add features such as Oracle compatibility, sequences, and additional query operations like INTERSECT and EXCEPT.