3. Analysis of agricultural productivity in india
Comparision of indian agricultural productivity
with global agricultural productivity
Reasons for slow growth of productivity
Need for immediate upliftment of productivity
Our research based ways to boost productivity
4. India ‘s population is 1.31billion as of 2013. 67% are rural
and Majority are in agriculture.
There is an utter importance of agriculture in Indian
economy although it contributes only 15% of GDP, the
share of workers is about 55%.
Major crops are rice, wheat, maize, coarse cereals,
groundnut, cotton, sugarcane, fruits and vegetables.
60% of cultivated area is “rainfed” and only 40% of area
is under irrigation.
Rural poverty is 41%in 2004-05.
5. Contributes 24% of GDP
Provides food to 1Billion people
Sustains 65% of the population : helps alleviate poverty
Produces 51 major Crops
Provides Raw Materials to Industries
Contributes 1/6th of the export earnings
One of the 12 Bio-diversity centers in the world with over
46,000 species of plants and 86,000 species of animals
recorded
5
6. 6
STRENGTHS
Rich Bio-diversity
Arable land
Climate
Strong and well dispersed
research and extension system
OPPORTUNITIES
Bridgeable yield crops
Exports
Agro-based Industry
Horticulture
Untapped potential in the N.E.
WEAKNESS
Fragmentation of land
Low Technology Inputs
Unsustainable Water Management
Poor Infrastructure
Low value addition
THREATS
Unsustainable Resource Use
Unsustainable Regional
Development
Imports
7. Crop USA China India
Maize 8900 4900 2100
Paddy 7500 6000 3000
Soy beans 2250 1740 1050
Seed Cotton 2060 3500 1880
Tomato 6250 2400 1780
7
9. Sl.No. Agricultural production features China
1980 2010
India
1980 2010
1. Foodgrain production growth rate (%) 8.38 2.9 5.88 2.27
(1980-90) (2000-10)
2. Agrl GDP-Regional growth rates (%) East:
17.48 4.6
Central:
13.98 4.3
West:
14.43 5.7
North Western Region
3.39 2.85
Eastern Region
1.3 1.76
Central Region
2.06 2.70
Southern Region
1.82 1.78
(1980-90) (2000-06)
3. Irrigated area (m.ha) 44.88 59.26 38.72 63.20
4. Gross cropped area (m.ha) 117.23 109.87 172.63 195.10
5. Fertilizer use (m.tonnes NPK) 12.69 54.60 5.51 26.48
6. Mechanization (no. of tractors) 2.61 m 21.78 m 0.075 0.5 m
7. Fruit and vegetable processing (value Billion US$) 23.8 4.76
8. Agricultural trade (constant US $ 1999-2000) (Billion
US$)
Exports
Imports
10.59 121.96
4.37 49.41
6.22 72.55
2.87 31
17
1423/24-7-2012SIID India-China team
10. 02/10/13Cag manthan
India
Central government –leading
agricultural innovation
Land – ownership , tenancy and
reverse tenancy increasing
R&D institutes under Central or
State governments
Extension under state
governments
Export oriented production -
Civic space active in local
agriculture – limited state
support
China
Provincial governments–
leading agricultural innovation
Land – on lease from the state
(more equal access to land)
Half the R&D institutes under
County/Township governments
Extension under
County/Township and provincial
governments
Domestic markets oriented
production
Private corporate sector – with
state support and end customer
11. India ranks among the lowest countries in the world
on productivity of most major crops.
Huge waste of water resources damaging crop
productivity, increasing soil salinity and aggravating
water shortages -- 80% of India’s water use is for
irrigation.
11
12. Feature of the economy China (%)
1980 2010
India (%)
1980 2010
1 Growth rate-GDP 7.8 9.58 5.6 8.37
2 Share of agriculture in GDP 30 10 36 19
3 Agriculture- value added per
worker
191 525 313 468
4 Share of industry in GDP 48 47 25 26
5 Rural population in total
(Source: World Bank, WDI), CSO)
80 55 77 70
13. What are the reasons for slow growth in agri. during
mid-1990s to mid-2000s
Steering Group for 11th Plan has estimated sources of
growth
Sources of growth: Five factors: (a) Public invest.
(b) private invest. (c) Technology; (d)
diversification (e) fertilizer
There has been slowdown in all these factors
Terms of trade also declined
Higher growth in the post-reform period only in the
case of agricultural credit
14. Agriculture must continue to satisfy the demands of a
complex global market
Growing World Population
(B)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1981 1999 2015 2030
Transition Nations
Developed Nations
Developing Nations
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1981 1999 2015 2030
Rising Cereal Demand (MMT)
Transition Nations
Developed Nations
Developing Nations
h
15. 21st Century Beef Club
Source: UN, 2005
4%
56%
8%
32%
-1%
Distribution by region
Population growth by 2025
16. 21st Century Beef Club
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
India
Thailand
Philippines
South Africa
Russia
China Mexico
Brazil
Argentina
New Zealand
Spain
US
Canada
Germany
UK
Japan
Switzerland
Per Capita Income (000 US$)
Source: FAO
Income and meat consumption
17. Reduction of the present rate of degradation and loss
of productivity due to erosion,salinization,water
logging etc
By using Advanced Agricultural Technology (ATT)
By using organic agriculture
Reduction of environmental impacts of new
technologies
Conduct more international agricultural summits
18. By reducing wastage of water using for irrigation
Reformation of policies relating to water management
Provision of governmental guidance and regulation
Attracting farmers with situational benefits and
providing them moral support.
Improving the distribution of agricultural products
Include separate bill in parliament on agricultural
benefits
19. From degradation to
carbon sequestration..
From pollution to
biogas and clean
water..
From desertification to
sustainable
management..
20. Organic agriculture is a production system
that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems
and people.
It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity
and cycles adapted to local conditions,
rather than the use of inputs with adverse
effects.
Organic agriculture combines tradition,
innovation and science to benefit the shared
environment and promote fair relationships
and a good quality of life for all involved.
Developing organic agriculture
24. Government has to add a special internship to
agricultural students at least for 6 months
During that period , every student should serve on
countryside which includes educating farmers about
his/her ‘thesis’ and new ways of profit earning
agricultural techniques
We should not depend only on rainfall for irrigation
but should initiate techniques like cloud seeding,cloud
distro techniques etc..and also nationalize the certain
dams to provide necessary water.
