1. MANTHAN TOPIC:
Protecting the Vulnerable: Enhancing the quality of primary education
SKILLS SHORTAGE
Due to Poor education system 58% of children do not complete primary education in India.
TEAM DETAIL
Suleman Khan , Priyanka, Priyanka Rajput, Piyush Arora, Tannu Verma
The Indian primary education system is suffering from unbalanced and poor literacy rates
having rich history and cultures. Many primary school student have not completed their studies
up to 5th class.
The current mission of government in primary education.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
The programme seeks to open new schools in those habitations which do not have schooling facilities and
strengthen existing school infrastructure through provision of additional class rooms, toilets, drinking water,
maintenance grant and school improvement grants.
Mid Day Meal
The Mid Day Meal is the world’s largest school feeding programme. Users can find detailed information pertaining
to this scheme. Guidelines of the scheme are available.
Infrastructure Development in Minority Institutes (IDMI)
IDMI has been operational is to augment Infrastructure in Private Aided/Unaided Minority Schools/Institutions in
order to enhance quality of education to minority children.
Right to Education
The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 inserted Article 21-A in the Constitution of India to provide
free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right .

2. But the quality of primary education in India has been a cause of concern. We give zero to the
whole world from where the whole maths starts, The Programme for International Student
Assessment (PISA) ranks India almost at the bottom of the pack in terms of Maths and English
literacy.
WhatarethemajorchallengesinthefieldofprimaryeducationinIndia?
1. Quality of teachers & classrooms. Lack of training & support to the teachers.
2. Education policies not being able to cater to the needs of the system.
3. Lack of infrastructure (Primary/Secondary schools).
4. High drop-out rates which again are due to the poor quality of education.
5. The following issues were identified as far as provision of primary education
· Inadequate/absence of access to a comparable quality of education.
· Overcrowding in the existing government schools.
· Mismatches between demand and supply of schooling facilities.
· Dilapidated condition of class rooms, particularly those running in rented buildings. Repairs
oriented buildings can not be undertaken under Rent Control Act.
· Lack of sanitation and water facilities in old school buildings.
· Excessive reliance on centrally sponsored schemes has also created its own problems. The states
seldom initiate programs of educational development at their own initiatives and wait for central
government initiatives.
Education is the single most important investment we can make for our children, our state, our
economy and our future.
2006 – Learner Focused, Seamles
There are many ways to improve the education system. We have to implement many solutions
in the present education system. We have discussed some ideas or method to improve the
education system.

3. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
In India there should be assessment system like in United State assessment evaluation has been conducted for
American pupils for national assessment and international comparison for checking learning outcomes. Same as In
England all students are assessed at the end of ages 7, 11 and 14. And this information is use for comparative
judgements between schools. India should also develop and implemented this type of system and allow public to
check the performance of schools accordingly. But in India we can’t implement the same system as in US or UK.
Despite the awareness of the impacts of assessment, it still yet too little is done on assessment.
How We Implement the system
=> Summative Assessment Test should be taken twice in a year. Only a single booklet of questions is provided to
each student in which he/she has to write the answers. That booklet contains questions from all the subjects
(English, Hindi, Maths and Environmental studies) where the questions are divided equally.
i.e., 25 question for each subject that means in total we have 100 questions for all subject. The duration of the
exam will be 2-3 hrs. The exam will be conducted on a particular day for every school in that region.
=>The question paper is made to assets the
teachers performance as well as the student’s
performance. How the teacher is teaching in
the class and what’s kind of the response is
coming from the student’s side.
=>The question paper of summative
assessment test is made by the reputed
institute of the region. According to the
student of that area to check their
performance. This process of conducted Test
should be held twice in a year where 80% of
student’s participation is mandatory for that
particular school.
=>The nearby school is been Selected by the
head .In this whole process the teacher of that
same school from where the students are,
were not allowed to interfere in that process,
legal actions should be taken if anyone found
guilty because we want fair results to know where we are lacking and what we can do to improve our system of
teaching our students.
=> All the exam will be conducted and checked. Education in India falls under the control of both the Union
Government and the State Governments, with some responsibilities lying with the Union and the states having
autonomy for others. The state government have to manage all the system and finance for this system. Controlling
the committee who is the responsible for summative system.
The result of the test is used for many purposes.
Impact of the solution
We can use summative assessment test in many ways
1. We can give increments to the teacher whose students perform well in the summative assessment test.
Due to this the teacher will improve their teaching to get increments. As well as there is deduction of salary
if the result of summative assessment tests is poor regularly.
2. All the performance of summative assessment test is put on the common website of all India according to

4. the area. We can check which school have lowest and highest performance in the summative assessment
test. According to this we can make special attention to the school which have low performance in
assessment test.
3. The local public can also watch the school performance of the area and can find the problem and help to
the school. They keep monitoring on the school.
4. Those student who have performed well in the assessment exam will be awardedby giving some little prize
or gift to them to boost the confidence among students. These tests do motivate some pupils who also
perform better in the future.
5. From its close focus on helping teachers and pupils build a shared understanding of the progress the pupil
has made in order to provide pointers for further development, to the wide-angle view of national
education standards.
6. Tests might be devised to assess separate elements of the course separately. It should be not mixed with
the performance of the student.
7. Tests can provide evidence for evaluating courses and teaching approaches
Challenges
Implementation of this challenges
 The Schools in remote area like villages have very difficult to implement this summative
assessment test
 The higher Authority) should be implementing this system properly and have transparency to the
public how this is working. And what they are doing.
 Local body like gram Panchayat in villages & a committee of learned people in towns and cities to
be form to monitor the performance of schools time to time.
 It should be implementing like board exams. It should be only for assessment of the teachers and
students.
 However, it has been concerned with the topic like providing insight effective practice in the hope that
this may guide others and more effective investments of existing resources –including people, time
and money –and additional resources might help to further professionalise the field and improve
outcomes.
 Time Many instructors note that formative assessment approaches such as tracking tools, individual
sessions with learners and so on, are much more time intensive. Given the amount of paperwork
instructors are often required to complete, formative assessment and related strategies may appear as
an additional burden.
 The main devil of this system is corruption. Due to corruption the result can be changed of this exam
for increment purpose of teachers. Due to this the real assessment of school and teacher can’t be
measure.


5. Mitigation Factors
 Tie up with the private schools and universities for improve the curriculum.
 Funding the schools which have lower performance in summative assessment test by the
NGO’s.
 Make strict rules and regulation for the summative assessment system And it will be
govern by the higher authority of the education system.
 Gave financial aid to the student who has more than 60% attendance. This money should
directly provided to their bank accounts. From this the parents send their children’s to
schools compulsory for money.
 Tests can be timed according to pupil readiness rather than leaving them to the end of the
block of work
We need to look at them for developing India
Mira is a 7 year old girl she lives in Seemapuri, Delhi with her parents and her little 3 year old
brother. She used to take care of her brother in the absence of her
mother who is a maid and father who works at a grocery shop as a
worker.
Once she went out with her family and saw a group of girls and
boys like her, they were playing a game where one of them who is
standing with a pen in her hand and start reciting a poem , similarly
other students starts repeating her ....
Mira ask her mother “mom what they are playing “.
Her mother replies “they are playing teach-teacher game” here the girl standing in the front is a
teacher and other’s are student’s .After all that in the evening she came back home and ask her
mother mom “ when did I am going to have a
teacher?
Do Mira’s parents want her to go to school?
Yes, they want. How and what’s the process?
Here Two Approaches are their:
1. Parent Approach
2. Government Approach.
Diagrammatically we can see the solution:
If parents are not concern about the future of their children
as they are not aware of their rights like RTE, then Second
approach where the school get the help from the data
collected during census.
And give them to the nearby NGO’s is very helpful that gives exact idea that how many children’s are at not getting
their primary education. These NGO’s can go an approach the parents of those children and help them to assist in

6. the admission process.
What will happen to her little brother, now who is going to take care of him?
Here comes another problem for students like Mira who have some family responsibilities like
taking care of her little brother etc...
As school wants to teach them and
Parents want to send them,
But what’s the solution of their problem as everyone is right at their place
Here, parents had to do something, either one of them should be at home during the school
hours.
But if it is not possible as some of them or we can say most of them are below poverty line (BPL) and had
to work all the day for their survival .So it is not possible to them to stay at home during their working
hours.
Solution:
1: Mira should take her brother to school and in the same school there should be some facility where during the
study hours their siblings (age below 5year’s) are been taken care with some authority and the recruitments of
these authority is done on the basis of the number of children’s below 5years .
2: Another way to solve this problem is to start evening schools in that same premises so that the children who are
not able to attend the school in the morning can come in evening.
Challenges:
1 .Parents may disagree with the evening shifts.
2. Students may feel sleepy in the evening.
3. Students will have to compromise with their playing hours.
TEACHERS TRAINING:
One of the very famous saying is there in Hindi:
“GURU GOVIND DOU KHADE, KAAKE LAAGU PAAYE, BALIHAARI GURU AAPNE GOVIND DIYO BATAAYE”
Teachers can teach their students about GOD whose existence is not been proven yet practically then, to them
giving education to our children is not a big deal. A teacher can make an ordinary child a great personality .They
are the one who guide their students properly in the path of life for their brighter future. They are responsible for
giving
IAS, IPS, Prime Minister, President, Actor, Actresses…..of a country.
“Zarurat hai to bas unhe sapne dikhaane ki,, or un sapno me rang bharne ki….”
For all this we need to improve the training programs held for teachers of Primary Schools.
Organizations should providing training to the teachers generally uses methods like Play Way
method which was conceived by Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel, who is also the father of
Kindergarten. Other methods include Debate method, Discussion method.

7. This statement has been made by someone for India is somehow a bitter truth…
”India’s primary schools are the museums where old teaching methods are carefully preserved”.
See, this is what the real scenario is. If someone can visualize pitfalls in our education system,
then what we are waiting for we have to change our strategies according to the need of the time.
As the traditional methods are incompatible with the” modern psychology of childhood” ,so we
will have to change our ways to teach them and monitor the results accordingly.
Here are some suggestions:
 Seminars and workshops should be held to train the teachers via presentations as we know
that “A picture convey more knowledge than a written statement”.
 Re-production Session should be held in which all teachers should come up with their views
on particular topic and after discussion; crux of it should be given to the concern authority
for further outputs and results.
This final output should be given to the higher authority so that those ideas can be
implemented as soon as possible.
 Teaching by real life examples: Teachers should encourage the students to relate their
studies, whatever they are studying with their real life environment. This method will give
much better output then the previous one as now they don’t need to mug up things they
just need to start relating their studies with their life and things will be easier from both the
sides .
 For this, stories can be narrated, pictures can be shown, and small acts can perform at
school premises.
Teachers can also share their own experiences in a story form. This will not only make the
session interesting but will also help students to understand the concepts very easily.
 Generally teachers adopt “Chalk-and-Talk” method, which is only the “one way flow” of
the information and students lose their concentration usually after 15-20 minutes. In this
way only teachers talk and students listen, no interaction will take place during the whole
period of time. This method should not be adopted at all as instead of this teacher should
make the class interactive by putting random questions.
 As multimedia technologies can’t be implemented in the present situations for schools as
it requires a big amount which is again a problem of concern .so, other tool can be used,
like :
i) Mind maps: Given by Tony Buzan. Using this method, students can quickly and
effectively learn everything.
It includes pictures, music, color, even touch and smell play also as a part of
learning methods.

8. ii) Reverse way method: It is also very interesting method. In this method, before
teaching any method to the students, teachers should give them some real life
examples and then teach the concept after that.
Challenges faced:
i) Mind map method requires more resources that the school may fails to provide.
ii) Teaching with humour is a good idea. But every person does not have this ability and
sometimes they may fail to relate the concept actually with the example.
iii) Reverse way method is undoubtedly a time consuming process and initial difficulty can be
faced by the students to understand a concept with the help of the example.
INSPECTON-
According to a survey, in 2008-2009, rural India accounted for more than 88% of India's primary-
school students, of whom over87% were enrolled in government-run schools. This is where we
see some of the nation's toughest challenges. In government schools the student don’t get proper
education facilities because of following reasons-
1. Inadequate Teacher Qualification and Support: - In government schools the teachers have to
teach in difficult working conditions. It has been seen that the school teacher in India does not get
adequate pre-service or in-service education. On average, 45% of these teachers had not studied
beyond the 12th grade.
2. Low Teacher Motivation and High Absenteeism- On an average, an India teacher with 15 year’s
experience earn a salary more than the $14,000 in a year. This was significantly higher than the
then-statutory salaries of $3,000
in China and Indonesia. But still
also the teachers in India don’t
teach students with good mood
& motivation. Not only this on an
average, 25% of primary-school
teachers in rural India remain
absent on any given working day.
3. Flawed Teaching Methodology-
In India, rote learning has been

9. institutionalized as a teaching Methodology. In primary schools teachers in rural India often try to
educate students by making them repeat Sections of text over and over again. Even the teachers
don’t even explain the meaning of sentences which results in stunted reading comprehension
skills over the course of the children's education. For example, many students in grades two and
three in one particular school struggle to read individual words, but they can neatly copy the
entire paragraphs from their textbooks into their notebooks as though they were drawing
pictures.
Inspection as Solutions to these problems-
Inspection by the concern authority- The government should make inspection team of particular
region or area so that they can inspect or check the working process in the school. The inspection
team should make surprise inspection on weekly basis. This inspection team should also check the
quality of food used in mid- day-meal.
Inspection by the nearby school staff- The principals or higher grade teachers of a school should
inspect the other nearby schools on monthly basis. The inspecting members should randomly
enter into any class room and can start asking questions related to the currently going
chapter/topic from the students.
Inspection by the society members- The highly qualified/experienced people of the society
should work as team. They should make surprise inspections in the society school, once in 15- 20
days.
Punishment for the faulty teachers-
If any teacher not working properly or is found absent on the working day without prior leave
application then Rs- 500/- should be deducted from his salary. If he/she remains absent for more
than 2-3 days (without any leave application) then a whole week salary must be deducted.
Motivation to parents-
It has been seen that in rural areas, most of the parents are not willing to send their child to
school. Basically they think that if their child will go to school they who is going to help them in
their field and farms, they don't know how much important at is education for a human being.
The people of the villages are mostly uneducated, they believe that studding or getting educated
is just waste of time and money. Especially for the girl child, they have a myth that girls are only
used for doing household work.
Solution to these problems-
1. Educating the parents- First and most important action which should be taken is to spread
awareness among the parents .Telling them about the benefits of getting educated, giving
examples of different successful children of different poor parents. Parents can also be given
evening classes/sessions. For holding all these classes’ voluntaries have to come forward and
perform social events on large scale.
2. Offering of free food grains to the parents-It has been seen that in rural areas, student don't
attend the school on regular basis because of this they are unable to get proper education.
Parents can be said that if their child attendance is 60 or more then they will be offered food grain
as per the as per the attendance of the child.

10. 3. asking for volunteers to contribute- Different volunteers can be invited through the
newspapers, magazines, TV ads etc. Asking volunteers to work as a team and help the government
in organizing the seminars, sessions to spread awareness among the parents related to child
education in rural areas.
4. Compulsory visit to villages as a assignments for graduate/undergraduate students-
Assignment such as visiting the nearby village and teaching different subjects to village students
should be included as academics assignment by the educational institutions and boards. Marks
should be assigned to the graduate students so that they can work sincerely and with full
dedication.
PRACTICAL EDUCATION IN INDIA:
Basically India follows only the traditional methods in education system. There’s no practical
approach. Students are not allowed to perform any experiments according to their innovation and
creativity. Here we have the QUANTITY but not the QUALITY. Here most of the topics or contents
are not useful in our very life.
The syllabus is mostly theoretical based. Several problems are related to this approach:
 Children attend the schools but they do not learn the way they should.
 Low learning levels plague the entire school system.
 As the students of primary schools are the first generation learners, but they do no get a
chance to flaunt themselves and always just are pressurized.
For learning levels to improve, there’s a need to pay attention towards the school curriculum.
Solutions:
 Redefined Curriculum: In order to improve the performance of the students, more
theoretical subjects should not be allotted to them. Out of 10 units, 2 can be practical based
because, more the student will explore, more he/she will learn. Added benefits of it are
that it makes students enthusiastic and creative.
 As poor students get no help from home, schools and teachers are the only resources to
them. So, they should be given chance to explore themselves.
 As bags that the students bring every day to the schools are extremely pain full for them,
but how can they deny it?
So, among the weekdays there should be a day, on which students shall not bring the bag
and will study in the school by other means like activities, games, plays etc. We can call it as
“Bagless Day”.
 Children should be allowed to learn more by his senses but, by mug up the things.
Challenges:
 Problem can be occurred in providing added resources to the children to perform
experiments.

11. Charity System:
Why it always happens that High profile people always give charity to the Orphanages…
Just to get the limelight......But, they should also pay attention to the poor peoples.
Solution:
 High profile people if the society can contribute some amount of their salary to the
Authorities of Primary Govt. schools so that the facilities or conditions of the these schools
can be enhanced and the charity donators should be given some relaxation in their taxes.
 NGOs and Private investors should take initiative to come and contribute whole heartedly
for these schools to improve the facilities in Govt. schools and the permission should be
given to these people (NGO, Investors, and Donators) to check out the proper usage of
money.
Challenges:
 As donators are not getting any benefit from the schools, so they are less interested in
giving charity.
 Due to corruption, the money donated does not reach at its right place.
Reference:-
http://www.oecd.org/pisa/
knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=3160
en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cultural_Anthropology/Print_version
https://aliasi.devguard.com/svn/sandbox/stemmer/data/gigawords-afe.txt
judithcurry.com/2012/10/.../climate-change-no-consensus-on-consensus/
http://mhrd.gov.in/schooleducation
www.faapi.org.ar/downloads/FAAPI2011.pdf
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