1. ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY IN
UGANDA
KAMPALA CAMPUS

2. E-Government and its
Challenges in Public
Administration

3. Presentation outline
1. Introduction about eGovernment
2. Main domains of e-Government
3. Evidence of eGovernment in Uganda
4. Stages of e-government
5.Advantages of e-Government
implementation
6. Challenges of e-Governmet implementation

4. INRDUCTION
The UN defined eGovernment as ‘‘a government that
applies ICTs to transforms its internal and external
relationships’’ 2003
eGovernment is powerful tool for bringing about
change to government process in developing world,
it operates between information and communication
technology .
E-government: - is the use of information and
communication technologies (ICTs) to improve the
activity of Public Sector organizations.

5. Domains of eGovernment
What does E-government Cover?
• There are three main domains of E-
government adopted from; Nitro S
(2000) E-government in eastern Africa,
KPMG, Daresalam)
1. Improving government process:
eAdminstration
2. Connecting citizens: eCitizens and
eServices
3. Building external instructions : eSociety

6. 1. Improving Government
Processes
• eGovernment initiatives within this domain
deal particularly with improving the internal
workings of the public sector. They include:
• Cutting process costs : improving the input
and output ratio by cutting financial costs
and/or time costs.
• Managing process performance : planning,
monitoring and controlling the performance
of process resources (human, financial and
other).

7. Cont…..
• Making strategic connections in
government : connecting arms, agencies,
levels and data stores of government to
strengthen capacity to investigate, develop
and implement the strategy and policy that
guides government processes.
• Creating empowerment : transferring power,
authority and resources for processes from
their existing locus to new locations.

8. 2. Connecting Citizens:
eCitizens and eServices
• Such initiatives deal particularly with the
relationship between government and citizens:
either as voters/stakeholders from whom the public
sector should derive its legitimacy, or as customers
who consume public services. These initiatives
may well incorporate the process improvements
identified in section B1. However, they also
include a broader remit:
• Talking to citizens : providing citizens with details of
public sector activities. This mainly relates to
certain types of accountability: making public
servants more accountable for their decisions and
actions.

9. Cont……
• Listening to citizens : increasing the input of
citizens into public sector decisions and
actions. This could be flagged as either
democratization or participation.
• Improving public services : improving the
services delivered to members of the public
along dimensions such as quality,
convenience and cost.

10. • Such initiatives deal particularly with the
relationship between public agencies and other
institutions - other public agencies, private sector
companies, non-profit and community
organizations. As with citizen connections, these
initiatives may well incorporate the process
improvements identified in section
B1. However, they also include a broader remit:
• Working better with business: improving the
interaction between government and
business. This includes digitizing regulation of,
procurement from, and services to, business to
improve quality, convenience and cost.
3. Building External Interactions: eSociety

11. • Developing communities: building the social
and economic capacities and capital of local
communities.
• Building partnerships: creating
organizational groupings to achieve economic
and social objectives. The public sector is
almost always one of the partners, though
occasionally it acts only as a facilitator for
others.
Cont……

12. Evidence of eGovernment in UGANDA
The program of district net was introduced in
2002 with the major of objectives of improving,
transparency at the local government level and
to improve the provision of public information
through implementation of information ongoing
system. The program has been implemented in 4
districts in UGANDA eg: Mbarara, LIRA Mbale
and kayunga.
ICT for Rural development's was intended to
support decentralization through
implementation of ICT in rural areas.

13. .
• The program was sponsored by
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR
COMMUNICATION AND DEVELOPMENT
in conjunction with Ministry of local
Government in May 2005.
• The program emphasized the three domain of
eAdminstration, eSociety and eService
Cont……

14. Cont……
1. National Identification card this was
implemented in 2016 where all citizens above
the age or 16 years where required to avail
information concerning their biography. This
information aid the government to plan
appropriately and efficiently deliver services to
each citizens it is also used against criminal
cases in UGANDA by the Ugandans and
friends
2. Registration of Simcards this was done to
insure safety and proper use of simcards. Data
Processing this involve coordinating all
information from the various regions and local
councils to their respective ministries, This
program helps in mantling and evaluating
government policies at local level.

15. UN/ ASPA Study – Five Stages of Egovernment
Model
In study “Benchmarking E-government: A Global
Perspective, Assessing the Progress of the UN
Member States” identifies the five stages for
quantifying progress of e- government.
Stage 1: Emerging: An official government online
presence is established through a few independent
official sites. Information is limited, basic and static.
Stage 2: Enhanced: Government sites increase;
information becomes more dynamic. Content and
information is updated with greater regularity.
Stage 3: Interactive: Users can download forms, e-
mail officials, interact through the web and make
appointments and requests.
undaries.

16. Cont……
Stage 4: Transactional: Users can actually
pay for services or conduct financial
transactions online.
Stage 5: Seamless: Full integration of
eservices across administrative
boundaries. Total integration of e-
functions and services across
administrative and departmental
boundaries

17. ADVANTAGES OF E-GOVERNMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
Advantages and benefits of e-government
implementation are the same for both developed and
developing countries , However, e-government
applications have many benefits for citizens, business
and government entities. E-government applications
allow people, businesses, and government sectors to
access to available government information 24 hours a
day, 7 days a week, which improves the quality of these
services, According to implementation of e-
government will reduce cost and levels of
organizational processes by streamlining and re-
organizing operating procedures.

18. Cont……
Moreover, the using of egovernment systems will
improve the performance of government agencies
and that it will deliver the public service effectively
and efficiently for all customers In addition,
declared that e-government has great benefits
regarding economizing and improving of
governments service operations, including
efficiency, reduced transactional costs, increase the
transparency and increased services for citizens.
Furthermore, identifies e-government benefits as
follows:
•Reduction of customers’ and organizations’ time,
effort and costs.

19. Cont……
•Improvement of service delivery and citizens’
satisfaction
• Increase of users’ ICT skills, internet knowledge and
computer usage
• Creation of new business and work opportunities
•improves efficiency of government agencies in
processing of data
• improves services through better understanding of
users’ requirements, thus aiming for seamless online
services.

20. Cont……
• Share information and ideas between all
government agencies and department to build one
mega data base.
• assists a government’s economic policy objectives
by promoting productivity gains inherent in ICT
and e-commerce
• improving transparency, accuracy and facilitating
information transforming between government and
customers.
• helps in building trust between governments and
citizens, an essential factor in good governance by
using internet-based strategies to involve citizens in
the policy process, illustrating government
transparency and accountability.

21. CHALLENGES OF E-GOVERNMET
IMPLEMENTATION
There are several challenges and barriers that
can delay progress of e-government
implementation. The variety and complexity of
e-government initiatives implies the existence of
a wide range of challenges and barriers to its
implementation and management. This section,
will briefly introduce the most important and
common challenges and -barriers based on
literature review as the following:-

22. Cont……
• Technical: ICT Infrastructure Privacy Security
Organizational Top management support
Resistance to change to electronic ways
Collaboration Lack of Qualified Personnel
and Training
• Social: Digital Divide Culture
• Financial: High Cost

23. Continue
Privacy:
Privacy is a critical issue in the implementation of
e-government in both developed and
developing countries.
Both technical and policy responses may be
required when addressing the privacy issue in
an e-government context.
Citizen confidence in the privacy and careful
handling of any personal information shared
with governmental organizations is essential to
e-government applications.

24. Cont….
Security
In fact, the security is one of the most significant
challenges for implementing egovernment
initiatives. Many studies have found that
security is one of the most important obstacles
.Security means protection of all information and
systems against any disclosure to unauthorized
access, or unauthorized modifications or
devastation.
Security issues may present the largest obstacle to
the development of egovernment services. Thus,
security policies and standards that meet citizen
expectations are an important step toward

25. Cont…
• Digital Divide
The digital divide refers to the gap in
opportunity between those who have access
to the Internet and those who do not. Those
who do not have access to the Internet will be
unable to benefit from e- government
services.
• Digital divide is "the gap between those with
access to computers and the internet.
Therefore not all people have the suitable access
to computers and Internet, whether due to a
lack of income, necessary skills, or internet
access.

26. • Lack of qualified personnel and training
The lack of ICT skills is a major challenge to an e-
government implementation, especially in
developing countries . The egovernment system
can be implemented successfully if qualified
personnel are available to take the role of start
and develop the e-government system . In
general, it is vital to focus on training and
education programs for enhancement the
progress of egovernment projects. However,
training is a fundamental prerequisite as the rate
of change increases and new technologies,
practices and competitive models appear. The
full economic benefits of ICT depend on a
process of training and learning skills.
Cont…

27. • Financial Barriers
• Financial support is considered as significant
obstacle to the implementation of e-government in
many countries. It is necessary to ensure the
availability of the existing and expected budgetary
resources in order to achieve the goals.
• The most serious and significant barrier to the
implementation of e-government is a lack of
money; e-government implementation is
expensive.
Cont…

28. Since every government budget is already
overburdened with every possible expense budget
makers can fit into it, the suggestion to expend the
considerable sums that an excellent e-government
will cost is a non-starter, in budgetary terms, and
in budgetary politics.
Cont…

29. In summary, this presentation highlights the
different stages of e-government
implementation, advantages and barriers to
successful implementation of e-government
system.
It is clear that e-government involves multiple
stages or phases of development and it has
many advantages to all sectors of government,
citizens and business. However, the
implementation of e-government is not an easy
job it faces many challenges and barriers which
have to be treated very carefully.
CONCLUSION

30. REFERENCES
• [1] D.M. West, State and Federal E-government
in United States. Available at
http://www.insidepolitics.org/egovt01us.html ,
2001
• [2] United Nations Division for Public Economics
and Public Administration. Benchmarking
Egovernment: A Global Perspective - Assessing
the Progress of the UN Member States, 2001.

31. REFERENCES
• [3] World Bank ,Issue Note: E-Government and
the World Bank. November 5, 2001.
• [4] Deloitte Research. At the Dawn of E-
government, the Citizen as Customer. 2000
Available at http://www.egov.vic.gov.au/pdfs/e-
government.pdf. Access on 19 April 2010.
• [5] United Nations, UN Global E-government
Readiness Report, Toward Access for
Opportunity. New York, 2004.