KINESIOLOGY

1. INSHA UR RAHMAN
Presented to
Sir Arshad
KIHST

2. Neuromuscular Coordination
“Motor Control” Is the ability of Nervous system to efficiently
recruit a muscle or group of muscles in order to perform a
specific task.
Neuromuscular coordination has Two components
1. Intramuscular Coordination
2. Intermuscular Coordination
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3. 1. Intra-muscular coordination
Is the activation of individual Neuro-muscular units within a
Muscle fibre.
1. Rate Coding
2. Recruitment of neuromuscular motor units
3. Synchronization of motor units
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4. 1. Intra-muscular Coordination
1. Rate Coding
Relates to the control of the firing rate of
neuro-muscular control units which in return increases
the Strength of muscular contraction.
Resistance training is known to be the ideal method to
enhance your code rating.
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5. Conti…
2. Recruitment of neuromuscular motor units
When muscles work against the Resistance they
recruit motor units to overcome the Resistance, the greater
the neuromuscular units recruited during a task the greater
the force that is applied.
It could be increased by maximum load training or
plyometric exercises
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6. Conti…
3. Motor units Synchronization
it improves the ability of recruiting muscle fibers at the
exact time required leading to greater force generation and
mor efficient movement.
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7. 2. Inter-muscular Coordination
Inter muscular coordination
relates to the interaction between
the agonist, antagonists,
Stabilizer Muscle groups during
specific tasks and Activities.
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8. Muscle working in pairs
Muscles usually work in pairs or groups,
e.g. The biceps flexes the elbow and the triceps
extends it. This is called antagonist muscle action.
The working muscles is called the prime mover or
agonist.
The prime mover is helped by other muscles called
synergistic .
Fixators , These muscles provide the necessary
support to assist in holding the rest of the body.
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9. INCOORDINATION (Asynergia )
Lack of Coordination is said to be incoordination, especially in
terms of muscle control.
Incoordination is the jerky, inaccurate non-purposeful
movement done by the group of muscles.
CAUSES
1. Flaccidity
2. Spasticity
3. Cerebellar Ataxia
4. Loss of kinesthetic Sensation
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10. Conti…
1. FLACCIDITY
in this case nerve impulses cutoff before reaching the
muscles. Muscles said to be paralysed and are otherwise called
as Atonic muscles.
There is loss of muscle action, due to to less venous drainage,
lack of blood supply and loss of muscle bulk.
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11. Conti…
2. Spasticity
Tone of the muscle is more
and muscle tight and contracted.
It always occurs part of a Total Flexor
or total Extensor Synergy.
. Movement may not be in rhythmical
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12. Conti…
3. Cerebellar Ataxia
Results in Incoordination movements,
• Muscle are hypotonic
• Difficulty an Balance,Gait,Extremity and Eye Movements.
• Dyssynergic  Team work of muscles lost
• Dysarthria  Difficulty in speech
• Dysmetria  Difficulty in achieving the accurate distance of
movement.
• Dysdiado-kokinesia  loss of alternating the movements
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13. Test for Incoordination
Upper limb
1. Finger Nose Test
2. Finger to finger test
3. Rapid Alternating Movement
Lower limb
1. Finger Toe test
2. Heel shin Test
3. Romberg‘s Test
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14. Frenkle‘s Exercise
Presented by Dr HS Frenkle who was the medical Superintendent of
the sanatorium, Freihof in Switzerland in the end of last Century
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• A series of motions of increasing Difficulty performed by
Ataxia patients to facilitate the restoration of Coordination
• Developed In 1889 to treat patients of tabes dorsalis
and problems of Sensory Ataxia owing the loss of
proprioception.

15. Conti…
Principles
1.Concentration (The patient must give full attention on the
movement )
2.Precision ( The movements should be accurate and
Rhythmical )
3.Speed and Range ( Slow movements are recommended to
perform by the patient )
4.Command
5.Repetition ( the repetition of the accurate movement improves
the kinesthetic sense and the Coordination )
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16. Progression in the Exercise program
1. Dragging the limb on the
board and touching the
marked spot with the
voluntary halt.
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17. 2. Limb supported touching
the opposite side body
specific points with the heel
or finger.
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18. Touching the finger,which is placed
in the air by the therapist.
Therapist placing finger in the air
and moving here and there, the
patient reaches the point.
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