Tp3 Image, Branding and Cultural Heritage part3

TRAINING PACKAGE 3
- Image, Branding and Cultural Heritage
Module 3 Environment, health and safety
Giuseppe Gori (Theme 1 + 2)
Solitario Nesti (Theme 1+ 2)
Michele Vavallo (Theme 3)

"DE-SME - Intelligent Furniture - Training for Design,
Environment and New Materials in SMEs"
Agreement n. 2009 - 2196 / 001 – 001

www.IntelligentFurniture.eu

© 2012, not for publication, only for use in direct relation
to the project

Intelligent Furniture
Project

Image, Branding and Cultural Heritage
Theme 3.1 - Health and safety as product content

Theme 3.2 - Comfort-oriented upholstered furniture design

Intelligent Furniture – TP 3: Image,
06/03/12 Branding and Cultural Heritage
2

HEALTH AND SAFETY
AS
PRODUCT CONTENT

3

Introduction

After garments and footwear, FURNITURE include most of objects in
closer contact with the human body (skin, arts, etc.).
This make Health and Safety (H&S) issues particularly important for
the customers’ (independently of their awareness), as a significant
part of our H&S depends on how furniture is:
conceived
designed
manufactured

“Design for All” is a great tool for this and is already dealt with inside
Intelligent Furniture Project.

Here we would like to think of image and branding issues connected
to H&S.

4

Healthy furniture? Let’s think…

What Where Effects

Formaldehyde Leather, Fabrics Carcinogenic for human beings
Wood derived panels Irritating for respiration
Adhesives, Paints &
Lacquers
Chromium VI Leather, Fabrics Carcinogenic
Colours Allergenic
Volatile Organic Panels Unhealthy or irritating for
Compounds Paints (as solvents) respiration, mouth and eyes
(VOC’s) Easily adsorbed by skin
Leather
Adhesives Possible effects on nervous system,
internal organs, reproduction
Phtalates PVC, PVC coatings Noxious for reproduction
Used as plasticizers in Particularly effective on babies and
plastic materials children under 12 yrs old

5

Healthy furniture? Let’s think…

What Where Effects
Heavy metals Plastics Noxious for the environment
(Cr, Co, Sb, Cd, Pb) Leather Noxious or allergenic for humans
Fabrics Carcinogenic (e.g. Cd)
Effects on nervous system and
internal organs
Azo-dyes Fabrics, Leather Carcinogenic (limited by EC
Plastics directives)
Dimethylfumarate Preserving salt bags (to Allergenic
(DMF) protect from humidity Strong dermatitis
during stock time)
Nickel Metallic coatings Allergenic for a wide percentage of
humans when in direct and
prolonged contact with skin
Wood powders From machining of wood Noxious for respiration if released in
and wood-derived panels the environment during machining
or left in furniture when delivered
…

6

Safe furniture? Let’s think…

What Possible consequences For

Seat stability Tilt; tip-over Everybody
Head shock (esp. elders
Fractures and kids)
(esp. legs and arms)
Death

Storage Tip-over Kids
furniture Possible death for kids
stability (see CPSC campaign in
USA)

For kids’s risks see also US CPSC website: www.cpsc.gov
7



Armchair relax Sudden opening and leg Everybody
mechanism shock (esp. elders
and kids)

Bed-sofa Finger entrapment in Esp. Kids
mechanism closure

Drawers and Arm entrapment Kids
doors Finger scissoring Elder or ill people
Sudden closure (spring
mechanism)

8



Chaise-long Failure of locking Everybody
Chairs with mechanism and consequent (esp. elders)
locking fall
mechanism

Small Detachment & swallow (e.g. Kids (esp. for
elements, by teeth shear and pull off) babies
fittings Choking furniture)

A wide range of examples can be found on RAPEX EC service:
http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/dyna/rapex/rapex_archives_en.cfm

9

COMFORT-ORIENTED
UPHOLSTERD FURNITURE
DESIGN

10

Introduction

People and furniture spend a lot of time together!
Dining room: breakfast, dinner (lunch too for lucky ones!) 1-2 hrs/day

Living room: rest periods, weekends aver. 2-4 hrs/day

Bedroom: one third of lifetime! 8 hrs/day

Office: about one third of lifetime! 7 hrs/day

TOTAL: 18 to 21 hrs /day

For a lot of people furniture covers at least ¾ of lifetime!
Isn’t it enough to re-think comfort-weight in furniture design?
Nevertheless, comfort and style are often seen as antithetic in design.

11

Introduction

We will focus on UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE, that – being aimed at
rest and relax time - should be the quintessence of comfort!

Is this really true?
Let’s try to investigate just a bit looking around us….!

12

Comfort furniture?

From: http://gold.libero.it/ANNOTANDO/commenti.php?msgid=7771637&id=129578

• Backbone support?
• Shoulders support?
• Arm rest?

From: http://www.soggiorno.com/divani-poltrone/poltrona.html

13

Comfort furniture?

From: http://contessalupealberti.splinder.com

• Arm rest?
• Centre of gravity?
• Equilibrium?
From: http://contessalupealberti.splinder.com

From: http://www.soggiorno.com/divani-poltrone/poltrona.html

14

Comfort furniture?

• Depth?
• Backbone support?

http://www.guidaprodotti.com/casa-arredamento/poltrona.html

15

Comfort furniture?

• Back slope?
• Height of seat?

From: http://www.riminibeach.it

16

Comfort furniture?

Comment on the web forum:

“… I must be sincere: the one
I tried on was really
uncomfortable!”

http://www.arredamento.it/forum/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=74520
• Back slope?
• Seat depth?

17

Comfort furniture?

Some doubt……

http://iod.forumfree.it/?t=53173490

18

Comfort furniture?

Some doubt……


19

Comfort furniture?

Some doubt……


20

Comfort – oriented design criteria

“A” path (Hor + Vert) ~ 90 cm
“B” Seat angle:
- deviation from Hor in the forepart = 5 to 15°
(sloping back)
- deviation from Hor in the back = ± 5° A
D
C
“C” Back pitch angle = 5 to 15°
“D” Min Height of shoulders support: B
just a few cm below scapula

21

Comfort assessment

Body pressure, i.e. the pressure between
upholstery and human body, on a sofa or
armchair can be measured, both statically
(during rest) and dynamically (while seating
or standing up) by special equipment,
widely experimented in car seat design.
A pressure measuring membrane, connected
to a PC through a special interface, provides
“point-by-point” pressure values along time.
A dedicated SW allows easy data processing
and display, even in graphical form; hence,
evaluation of critical points (excessive
pressure, highly non-uniformity, etc.) can be
pointed out, and countermeasures adopted.
Standardized mannequins can also be used to
get assessment independent of testing people.

22

Comfort assessment

Colour scale proportional to local pressure
shows pressure concentration on red –
orange areas: e.g. femoral and left scapular
area here in the right picture.

Pressure vs time plots help evaluating
comfort in standing or seating phases, or
during movement of motorized armchair
movements (e.g. for disabled or elder or ill
people).

23

Comfort foresight

Since style design is more and more commonly computer-aided, 3D models
are easily available for further processing.
A new approach to comfort optimization would therefore be possible, joining
geometrical information (coming form 3D model of style design) and material
performance information (coming form foam suppliers or from a testing
laboratory) into a numerical simulation software (FEM = Finite Element
Modeling).

FEM

Comfort
Simulation Feedback to new material choice
Feedback to new style

The result would be a numerical forecasting of pressure values and
distribution before prototyping, with significant time and cost savings.

24

A “wider” Comfort concept

Comfort

Traditional concept New “global” concept

Physical Global interaction
interaction with with furniture adn
furniture sorroundings

- Ergonomy - Colours / Touch / Hearing
- Usability - Symbolic values
- Pressure - Cultural values
- Movements - Coherence with user’s feelings,
character, lifesyle

25

Brainstorming…

• Are we “thinking comfortable” ?

• Are we “thinking relaxing” ?

• Are we able to “put ourselves in others’ shoes” ?

• What prevents us from doing that (if we do not)?

• Has comfort some value for us?
or
• How much “does it pay” (in customers’ satisfaction
currency)?

26

Brainstorming…

What is our idea of connection of comfort with…

• Product image ?

• Company or product brand ?

• Are there opportunities for re-thinking our
products?

• Are there opportunities for thinking a new brand?
Or to empower our present brand?

27

SWOT Analysis

Strenghts Opportunities

Weaknesses Threats / Risks

SWOT Analysis shall be carried out with specific focus onto LOCAL situation (companies, cluster, infrastructures, etc.)

28

SWOT Analysis

HIGH
Market appeal

LOW HIGH
Innovation

29

SWOT Analysis

HIGH
Producibility (feasibility)

LOW HIGH
Efficiency (costs)

30

Intelligent Furniture
Project

Image, Branding and Cultural Heritage
Theme 3.3 - Sustainability and Environmental EU strategy
- Eco design for furniture design

31

THE IMPORTANCE OF ECO-
DESIGN FOR THE COMPANY

32

Currently, we are living into a
“consuming” society

All the products and services have an environmental impact
during the resources extraction, production, use and final
management afterward the end use

The effects of this impact is difficult to
estimate, even though his
consequences are evident

33

Systematic consideration of the design function related
with the environmental, safety and security objectives
during the complete product/process life cycle.
Joseph Fiksel

Eco-design definition

His main objective is obtaining a general improvement into
the quality and eco-efficiency of the product, reducing the
environmental impact during all his life cycle, improving
where possible the rest of the product characteristics:
technical, economic, functional, etc.

34

CICLO DE VIDA DEL PRODUCTO:

Source: green paper on
integrated product policy

35

Brainstorming

Do we need Eco-Design? Why?

Open discussion

36

How put in practice Eco-design

Considering the Considering all the
environmental impact aspects which impose
during all the product limits or conditions to
life cycle the design and the
product development

Eco-design = compromise solution

37

Which are the benefits of Eco-design for the company?
Eco-design
How to make product with less environmental impact
It aims achieving

Other benefits.
benefits
•Forthcoming Ecodesign Eco-Labels  Product Innovation
Standard ISO 14.006 Communication of  Access into new markets
the product (green public
Certification of the procurement)
environmental environmental
improvement  Brand improvement.
management system
 Energy and resource
related to the design exploitation efficiency
process and the product  Customer satisfaction
development improvement .

38

Environmental communication: Eco-Label

Very often the results coming from the
environmental analysis and the eco-design
process are used as a communication
instrument targeting the customer, and
consequently influencing the buying elections.

The mean more used for that is the Eco-Label, in
all his versions.

39

40

The ISO has issued standards referred to the main existent eco-labels:

• Certified Eco-Label which guarantees the accomplishment of certain
product category criteria (Type I).
I

2. Auto-declarations (Type II), for ex.
II

3. Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) based on the
quantitative results of the life cycle analysis (Type III).
III

4. Other Eco-labels certified out the prior classification, close to Type
I, which do not take all the product life cycle, or are limited to only
one environmental aspect.

41

Example Type I eco-Label:

Environmental
Distintiu de Garantia Choice
European Union AENOR
de Qualitat Ambiental (Canada)
Ecolabel Medio Ambiente
(Cataluña)

NF Environnement
Nordic Swan
(France) Green Seal Blue Angel
(Germany) (Scandinavia)
(EEUU)

42

Example Type III EPD:

43

Other Eco-Design advantage for Company

Facilitate the environmental legislation
accomplishment (: packaging, electronics, energy
consumption products - LEED, etc.)

Increase the product quality,
Improve the product life cycle.

Is an important innovation and knowledge
factor.

Potential in cost reduction
Resource and energy consumption improvement.
44

Other Eco-Design advantage for Company

Improve the product and the company Brand ,
access to new market (green procurement)

Improve the communication during all the value
chain (Design team, providers and clients).

It aims meeting the customers needs, and
improving product functionality.

45

ECO-DESIGN STRATEGY
INT HE FURNITURE
SECTOR.

46

Strategies of Ecodesign

0. New Concept development.
2. Select low impact materials.
3. Reduction of material.
4. Optimization of production technique.
5. Efficient distribution system.
6. Reduction of the environmental impact during
the user stage.
7. Optimization of initial lifetime.
8. Optimization of the end of life system.
47

RAW MATERIALS
Wood and derivates Chemical products

Wood treatment

Virgin wood
Adhesives Painting and coating Covering, textiles,
lather, etc.

Other wood

metallic's frame

Wood plywood
PRODUCTION
Furniture packaging

Life
Cycle.
Cycle Mechanized: cutting, etc. finishing: coating, etc. packaging

DISTRIBUTION

USE AND MANTEINANCE

furniture
END LIFE

recycled Energy valorization landfill

48

Eco-design strategy wheel
(Brezet and Van Hemel) 0. New Concept development: dematerialization, Shared use of product,
Integration of function, Functional optimization of product (components)

1. Select low impact materials: Non-hazardous, non-exhaustive, Low energy
content, recycled and recyclable materials

2. Reduction of material: reduction in weight, volume transportation and in
number of material.

3. Optimization of production technique: Alternative production technique,
Fewer production process, low/clean energy consumption, Low generation
of waste, Few/clean production consumable.

4. Efficient distribution system: Less/clean packaging, Efficient transport
mode and logistic.

5. Reduction of the environmental impact during the user stage: Low
energy consumption, Clean energy source, few consumable needed during
use, Clean consumable during use.

6. Optimization of initial lifetime: Reliability and durability, Easy maintenance
and repair, Modular product structure, improve product lifetime, User taking
care of the product.

7. Optimization of the end of life system: Reuse of product,
remanufacturing, recycling of material, Clean incineration

49

0. New Concept development

Function Integration • space efficient use
• 1 furniture rather than 2

Working table CDs/DVDs
storage.

Sofa-bed.

50

1. Select low impact materials

Selection of renewable material

Vegetal material stores CO2 thought photosynthesis, reducing the
climate change

51

Wood origin: forestall sustainable management

FORESTAL CERTIFICATION
It is a market instrument which allows, producers and consumers
, identifying the products coming from forests responsibly
managed.

Buying product coming from this woods, is assured the the
purchasing is not fostering the forest destruction.

52

Extension of certified woods and number of chain of custody certifications
according to different schemes (source: UNECE/FAO)
• FSC=Forest Stewardship Council;
FSC
• PEFC=Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes;
PEFC
• CSA=Canadian Standards Association Sustainable Forest Management Program (endorsed by PEFC in 2005);
• SFI=Sustainable Forestry Initiative (endorsed by PEFC in 2005);
• ATFS=American Tree Farm System.

53

CARDBOARD FURNITURE

Child furniture Chairs for events
www.mueblesdecarton.com www.okupakit.com

cardboard chair:
www.laplana.com

Handcrafted cardboard furniture:
Gorka Jiménez.
54

Selection of material with low energy content.

Chairs with recycled aluminum : Emeco.
80 % recycled aluminum (40% post-consume and 40% industrial residues).
Easy to be recycled.
The virgin aluminum chair have 17 times energy embedded than one of the
Emeco’s chair.
Piling design.
55

Selection of recycled/recycling material.

100% recycled Plastic

The benefits of the
Syntrewood (de Lasentiu)
Product are:

• Is a recycled product (urban residues) and 100% recyclable.
• It could be adapted to the customer needs. Very good mold payback time.
• could be used screws.
• could be used glue and foam.
• is hydrophobic and impermeable.

56

Selection of recycled/recycling material.

Table- Matt Gagnon,
Gagnon
Recycled cardboard block mechanized
with laser and treated with oils.

Max McMurdo of Reestore: creates
furniture recycling other products.
products

Chair Favela from
Hermanos Campana
57

Reducing hazardous substances.

Painting and coatings with less
Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOC).
(VOC)

alternatives Coatings :
Water

Powder coating Solvent • Powder coating (for medium
Coating

Water based
density fiber plywood - MDF)
• water based
High solid content
• with high solid content
Conventional coating • natural finishing (wax, oils, etc.)
Source: IHOBE

58

Adhesives for plywood fabrication, which contains formaldehyde.

Formaldehyde (toxic substance) is released in the
atmosphere.

 Animal glue
 dextrin
Alternatives  Adhesives proteins based (caseins,
naturals etc,)
 Tannins
adhesives :  natural rubber o latex
 cellulose
59


Avoiding metal covering, specially
chromate.
chromate
Due to the Cr VI high toxicity, EU directives regulate his use into the
automobile and electronics industry.

It could be substituted with powder coating, cleaned aluminum
or alternative metals.

60

2. Reduction of materials
Reduction in the use of raw material:

Lighter plywood
Aeron de Herman Miller Chair.
Elimination of foams. Central side substitution with
moreover: cardboard
•62% content of recycled materials: back in recycled
plastic, metallic frame in recycled aluminum. It could be got high
• metal sides coated with powder dust. thickness with high
compression resistance
• dissembling in 5 min. 94 % Recyclable.
propierties

61

Volume reduction

Flexilove:
Bendering
and flexible
chair.
• Reducing the transport and storage impact
• It needs less quantity of packaging materials

Thut Möbel. Mealbox, Alet and Dag Igland (Ignald Design)

62

3. Optimization of production technique

Cutting optimization Software

It saves material, in the packaging, in
With the software the trunk is the storage and distribution. This ios
exploited ad maximum
the objective of the French company
according to the foreseen wood
layer functions Studio Lo.

63

More efficient coating application systems; High volume low
pressure (HVLP) pistol

Conventional system

• it saves raw material
• it creates less fog
(“overspray”) =
•Less dangerous
residues
•Less VOC emissions.
• saving money.

64

4. Efficient distribution system

 Less packaging / clean / reusable.
 More energetically efficient transport mode.
 More energetically efficient logistic (km reduction).

Piling product

Chair: Voxia Eco

65

5. Reduction of the environmental impact during
the user stage
 Assuring a low energetic consumption.
(some furniture uses LED like decorative illumination).

 Clean energy source.
 Reduction of consumables. Cleaning
products
 Clean consumables.
normally, furniture causes a low or
null environmental impact in this
stage.

66

6. Optimization of initial lifetime
Furniture could be adapted to user.
Stokke:
versatile
and
adaptable
furniture

Chair SITTI™, of Stokke, Controlled wood,
7 years guarantee, accomplish with stability and security standards.

Craddle Conver
Dream of Micuna
Very resistant and
easy to assemble.
It could be converted
into bed, table,
shelving

67

Made to last

Nowadays very ancient furniture are
preserved

Very high relationship
with the user.

Handcrafted according to the client
requirement

68

7. Optimization of the end of life system
Furniture to made furniture

It is a new artisan line.

Made by handicap persons

Fabricated only with recycled
material, reusing old furniture
to produce a modern one.

Shelding “ Re-Design” Recyclingbörse
Herford.

69

Chair “Think”
pieces: Chair Think
Steelcase 99% potential
reconcilability

Chair Chair Aeron
“Aeron”
Herman 94% potential
Miller reconcilability

70

biodegradability design
If compost has been foreseen

Chair Bio+, 100% vegetal (polymer
elaborated with corn and linen).

Could be arranged a compost.

Molding fabrication, easy and cheap, do
not need coating or surface treatment.

Surface is water and dirtiness resistant.

Chair Bio+, Michael Strom and
Lasse Svensson

71

Synthesis and final discussion

0. New Concept development: dematerialization, Shared use of product, Integration of function, Functional
optimization of product (components)

• Select low impact materials: Non-hazardous, non-exhaustive, Low energy content, recycled and
recyclable materials

2. Reduction of material: reduction in weight, volume transportation and in number of material.

3. Optimization of production technique: Alternative production technique, Fewer production process,
low/clean energy consumption, Low generation of waste, Few/clean production consumable.

4. Efficient distribution system: Less/clean packaging, Efficient transport mode and logistic.

5. Reduction of the environmental impact during the user stage: Low energy consumption, Clean energy
source, few consumable needed during use, Clean consumable during use.

6. Optimization of initial lifetime: Reliability and durability, Easy maintenance and repair, Modular product
structure, improve product lifetime, User taking care of the product.

7. Optimization of the end of life system: Reuse of product, remanufacturing, recycling of material, Clean
incineration
SURVEY and SWOT analysis

72

This project has been funded with support from the European
Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the
author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for
any use which may be made of the information contained
therein.

06/03/12 73

Tp3 Image, Branding and Cultural Heritage part3

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Tp3 Image, Branding and Cultural Heritage part3