26. Энгийн нийлмэл/зэрэгцсэн нийлмэл өгүүлбэр
Compound sentence
• Хоёр ба түүнээс дээш энгийн өгүүлбэр бие
биеэсээ үл хамаарах энгийн өгүүлбэрүүдээс
бүтсэн зэрэгцүүлэх холбоосоор холбогдсоныг
ЭНӨ гэнэ. Her father was mostly absent and her
mother arrived at night. The signal was given, and
the steamer moved slowly from the dock.
• Энгийн нийлмэл өгүүлбэрийн гишүүн
өгүүлбэрүүд нь хоорондоо аялгаар холбогдож
болно. His brother arrived in the afternoon, his
sister arrived later than he did.
27. Хавсарсан нийлмэл өгүүлбэр
Complex sentence
• Нэг өгүүлбэр нөгөөгөөсөө хамааралтай, гол
өгүүлбэр (main clause), болон гишүүн өгүүлбэрээс
(subordinate clause) бүтэх өгүүлбэрийг хавсарсан
нийлмэл өгүүлбэр гэнэ. When she recovered, Eric
took her to his place.
• Гол өгүүлбэр нь утга төгс, холбоосгүй, харин гишүүн
өгүүлбэр нь утга төгс биш, голдуу холбоостой,
байна. If you come early, I go with you.
• Гишүүн өгүүлбэрээр тодотгогдож байгаа
өгүүлбэрийг the principal clause буюу үндсэн
өгүүлбэр гэнэ. He thought that bus arrived at 9:30.
28. Гишүүн өгүүлбэрийн төрөл
Types of subordinate clauses
• Англи хэлэнд 5 төрлийн гишүүн өгүүлбэр бий.
• 1. Өгүүлэгдэхүүн (subject clause) гишүүн өгүүлбэр: What is
interesting? This book is interesting. What you say is interesting.
• 2. Өгүүлэхүүн (predicative clause) гишүүн өгүүлбэр: What is the
difficulty? The difficult is how to get the documents in time.
• 3. Тодотгол (relative clause) гишүүн өгүүлбэр: What magazine
have you bought? I have bought an illustrated magazine. I have
bought a magazine, which is illustrated with beautiful pictures of
Ulaanbaatar.
• 4. Тусагдахуун (object clause) гишүүн өгүүлбэр: What did he tell
them? He told them a story. He told them what he had seen there.
• 5. Байц (adverbial clause) гишүүн өгүүлбэр: When did you see
him? I saw him yesterday. I saw him when I was at the club.
29. The subject clause
• Монгол хэлнийх үйлт нэр, нэр үгээр илэрдэг
бол англи хэлнийх бол голдуу what, whether, if,
who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where,
how, why зэрэг холбоос үгээр холбогдоно. That
he has made a mistake is strange. Whether they
will come today is not known yet.
• Өгүүлэгдэхүүн г ө нь өгүүлэхүүни дараа
байрлаж болно. It is strange, that he has made a
mistake. It is not known yet whether they will
come today.
30. The Predicative clause
• Англи, монгол хэлний өгүүлэхүүн гишүүн
өгүүлбэр төстэй.
• What is хэмээх асуултанд хариулагдана.
• The trouble is that I have lost his address.
• The question is whether they will be able to
help us. The weather is not what it was
yesterday.
• Хоорондоо өгүүлбэрийн холбоосоор
холбогдоно.
31. The object clause
• Монгол хэлний тусагдахуун гишүүн өгүүлбэр
үйлт нэр, ерийн нэрээр бүтэхээс гадна заах,
харь тийн ялгалаар хэлбэрждэг. Жнь: Чиний
ирэхийг бид хүлээе. Хүний сайныг ханилан
байж танина. Хүлгийн сайныг унан байж
мэднэ.
• Англи хэлнийх холбоос үгээр голдуу
хэлбэрждэг. Жнь: Tuul told us that she felt tired.
He asked us what we thought of it. They laughed
at what he said. He has just gone away saying
that he will return in an hour.
32. Direct and indirect speech
• Хэн нэгний хэлснийг тэр чигээр нь
уламжлан дамжуулсныг шууд үг буюу (John
has said The bus will arrive at the end of the
week) direct speech, харин үг үсэг бүрийг
биш утгачлан дамжуулсныг хөндлөнгийн үг
буюу inderict speech (John has said that the
bus will arrive at the end of the week) гэнэ.
• Шууд үгийг бичихэд that холбоос гээгдэнэ.
He says or He says thah болно гэсэн үг.
33. Attributive clauses
• Монгол англи хэлний тодотгол өгүүлбэрийн
утга үүрэг ав адилхан.
• Англи хэлний тод гиш өгүүлбэр what, which
гэсэн асуултад хариулагдаж, гишүүн өгүүлбэр
нь who, whom, whose, which, that зэрэг
төлөөний үгс, мөн when, where, why гэсэн
дайвар үгсээр холбогдоно. The man who has
here yesterday is a painter. I know the man whom
you mean. I have found the book that I was
looking for.
34. Adverbial clauses
• Хоёр хэлэнд байц гишүүн өгүүлбэрийн үүрэг нь
ч адил, ангилал нь ч бараг адил.
• Дотор нь цаг хугацаа заах, байршил заах,
шалтгаан заах, үр дагавар заах, төлөв байдал
заах, сөрөл заах, зорил заах, болзол заах гэж
хэд ангилна.
• AcofTime: Асуулт: when, since when, how long,
• Холбоос: when, whenever, while, as, after,
before, till, until, as soon as, as long as, by the
time (that), directly,
35. Adverbial clauses of place
• Question: where, from, where,
• Conjunctions: where, wherever
• FE: I like to spend my leave where I can shoot.
• He went where the doctor sent him.
• Wherever he went, he was welcome.
36. Adverbial clauses of cause
• Why?
• Because, as, since, for, now that
• I went away because there was no one there.
• As there were no porters, we had to carry the
luggage ourselves.
• Since you have finished your work, you may go
home.
• Now that he is here, he can help you.
• He walked quickly for he was in a great hurry.
37. Adverbial clauses of Manner
• Үр дагавар заах байц гишүүн өгүүлбэр
• Асуулт: How?
• Холбоос: As, as if, (as though), that
• Жишээ нь: You ought to write as he does.
• You answer as if you did not know this rule.
• He played so well that everybody admired
him.
38. Adverbial clauses of result
• Өгүүлбэрээс урган гарах үр дагаврыг илтгэх
үүрэгтэй.
• Холбоос: so that, so
• For examples: He went to the lecture early so
that (so) he got a good seat.
• She sat behind me so that (so) I could not see
the expression on her face.
39. Adverbial clauses of concession
• Өгүүлбэрийн үйл хөдлөлийн эсрэг болж буй
нөхцөл байдлыг, ө х. сөрж болж буй үйл
хөдлөлийг илтгэх үүрэгтэй.
• Холбоос: though (although), = bolovch, ch;
• in spite of the fact that = ule haihran;
• Thought (although) it was only nine o’clock,
there were few people in the streets.
• He went out in spite of the fact that he had a
bad cold.
40. Adverbial clause of purpose
• Өгүүлбэрийн үйл хөдлөл ямар зорилгоор
үйлдэгдэж байгааг илтгэнэ.
• Асуулт: what for? what purpose?
• Холбоос: so that, so, in order that,
• Жишээ нь: The teacher speaks slowly so that
(in order that) his pupils may understand him.
• I gave him the textbook so that (in order that)
he might learn his lesson.
41. Punctuation marks
• The comma - .
• The semicolon - . ,
• The colon - :
• The full stop or period - .
• The note of interrogation - ?
• The Note of Exclamation - !
• The inverted commas – “… ”
• The apostrophe – ‘ or it’s
• The hyphen - -;