Human Healthy Well-Being

1. HE233- HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY & DIABETIC FOOT

2. LAYOUT OF THE PRESENTATION
 OBJECTIVE
 INTRODUCTION
o DEFINATION
o STRUCTURE & FUNCTION AFFECTED
 BODY
o CAUSES OF THE CODITION
o CLINICAL MANIFESTATION (SIGNS & SYMPTOMS)
o MANAGEMENT PLAN (INVESTIGATION, TREATMENT & NURSING CARE)
o COMPLICATION OF THE CONDITION
 SUMMARY
 REFERENCE

3. OBJECTIVES
AFTER THE COMPLIETION OF THIS PRESENTATION YOU SHOULD
BE ABLE TO:
o Know what is DIABETIC RETINOPATHY and DIABETIC FOOT.
o Identify the CAUSES of these conditions.
o Know the SIGNS and SYMPTOM of these conditions.
o Know the TREATMENT of these conditions.
o Know the COMPLICATION of these conditions.
o Know how to PREVENT these conditions.

4. INTRODUCTION
The Diabetes Foot and Diabetes Retinopathy is a metabolic
disorder resulting from a defect or deficiency in insulin secretion
and regulation in the body. The Diabetes Retinopathy and
Diabetes Foot are the diseases of the eye and lower limbs of the
body respectively. The Diabetes Retinopathy occurs when small
blood vessels and nerves that are found in the retina or at the
back of the eye become blocked, swollen or leaky, causing oedema
(swelling) and new fragile vessels grow in the retina. Whereas
Diabetes Foot is a disease of the lower limbs. It happens when
the lower limbs receive inadequate supply of blood, nutrients and
oxygen due to neuropathy and ischaemia, meaning damage of the
nerves that runs through lower limbs and blockage in the major
blood vessels that supplies these vital substances.

5. CAUSES OF CONDITION
Major causes
o Overtime, too much sugar in blood
o Taking too much alcohol and smoking
o Lack of exercise

6. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
 Blurred Vision
 Eye floaters and spot
 Impaired color vision
 Dark or empty area in
your vision
DIABETIC FOOT
 Numbness ability to feel pain
 Tingling or burning sensation
 Increase sensation to touch
 Muscle weakness

7. COMPLICATION
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
 Blindness
 Oedema (swollen)
 Low productivity in
family, community and
the country as a whole.
DIABETIC FOOT
 Foot ulcers
 Amputation
 Foot Discolouration and
deformation

8. TREATMENT
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
 Focal Laser Treatment
 Scatter Laser Treatment
 Vitrectomy
DIABETIC FOOT
 Monitoring blood sugar-
Slowing progression of the
disease.
 Physical therapy or
acupuncture and
antidepressants-Relieving pain

9. PREVENTION
 Control blood sugar
 Do regular exercise
 Avoid smoking and consumption of alcohol
 Avoid eating too much junk food

10. SUMMARY
The diabetes retinopathy and diabetes foot are
non-communicable and life style diseases but
sometimes it happens congenitally. The cause of
these diseases is the presence of high amount of
sugar in the blood (hyperglycaemia). There are
treatments available in the hospitals and other
health care centres for controlling the high blood
sugar, thus when diagnosed with diabetes, don’t
hesitate to seek those medical treatment and
advice to prevent severe complications like
amputation and blindness. Regular exercise and
diet is also very important in controlling blood
sugar.

11. REFERENCE
 Kramer, J. D. (2017, April 1). Wikipedia Organization. Retrieved from Wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_foot
 Jack, C., & Thomas, M. (2017, April 1). Mayoclinic Organization. Retrieved from
Mayoclinic: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-
retinopathy/basics/symptoms/con-20023311
 James, C., Elizabeth, K., & James, C. (2017, April 1). Natural Data Base Organization.
Retrieved from Natural Data Base: http://www.naturaldatabase.com.
 Max, M., Eliza, B., & John, M. (2017, April 1). WebMD organization. Retrieved from
WebMD: http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/tc/diabetic-retinopathy-prevention

12. ANY QUESTION

13. GROUP MEMBERS
oALO BURU
oJASON ASHMAN
oISSAC JAMES
oJETHRO KOKE