Hardware and software

2.  What´s a COMPUTER SYSTEM?
It is an electronic device that collects data,
processes it and then, transmit some information.
DATA
INFORMATION
01
0 101 0
1
1

3.  What´s a COMPUTER SYSTEM?
Today, this electronic device can be a
computer, a mobile phone, a television, a
tablet, a video game console…

4.  What´s a COMPUTER SYSTEM?
DATA
INFORMATION
01
0101 0
1
1
DATA is the
informatiom in
form of text,
numbers or
symbols that can
be used by a
computer or
stored in it.
 The information put into a computer is
the input data.
The collection, organization
and manipulation of data to
produce meaningful information
is called DATA PROCESSING.
INFORMATION is
the information
that a computer
produces after
processing the
input data.
 The information that a computer produces is
called output data.

5.  What´s the COMPUTER SCIENCE?
It´s the set of techniques and knowledge
necessary to process information using a
computer.

6. A computer system is a very complex machine,
made up by two types of components.
 HARDWARE
 SOFTWARE
These two types of components are called:

7.  HARDWARE are the physical components of
the computer
Monitor, screen, the component
you use to see the information.
Keyboard, the component
you use to write with.
Wiring, the component you
use to connect your devices
to the electrical source.

8.  SOFTWARE are the programs that make it
possible to operate and use a computer.
A program is a sequence of instructions a
computer has to follow in order to complete
a task.

9. Physical
components of
the computer

10. It´s the main component in a computer.
It has three functions:
 The CPU is also called
microprocessor.
The CPU is a chip, that is, an element
made up of many electronic components.
 It interprets instructions (input
data).
 It processes data.
 It orders the hardware what to do.

11. It´s the main circuit board where all the
computer components have to be connected.

12. Memory is the computer component where
data and instructions the computer is using
when a program is working are stored.
There are two types of memory
 RAM
 ROM

13. ROM: Read Only Memory.
It has two functions:
 It stores the data that enable the
computer to operate when we turn it on.
 It lets the CPU communicate with the
other computer components.
When we turn off the
computer the ROM
memory is not erased.

14. RAM: Random Access Memory.
It has one function:
 It temporary stores the data or the
information for programs while
they are being used on the
computer.
When we turn off the
computer the RAM
memory is erased.
RAM memory
module

15.  RAM: Random Access Memory.
It is much faster than
hard drives.
It is mounted in memory
modules, that are connected
to the motherboard by
specific slots.
An actual domestic
computer usually has
4 GB or 8 GB of RAM
memory.

16.  Expansion cards expand the operations of the
computer and give it new capabilities that
don´t come standard with it
They are printed circuits, similar to the motherboard
but smaller and less complex.
 Video cards or graphic cards
 Sound cards
 Network cards or Ethernet cards
The most commonly used expansion cards are:

17.  Video cards or graphic cards
 Sound cards
 Network cards or Ethernet cards
The most commonly used expansion cards are:
Ethernet
port
Sound ports

18.  Any kind of system used to store
information in a computer.
There are three types of storage devices:
 Magnetic devices
 Optical Devices
 Solid states devices

19.  Information is stored through the magnetic
arrangement of particles on the device
We called them hard drives.

20.  Information is stored through the magnetic
arrangement of particles on the device
 They can store a large amount of data. Currently
1-2 TB or even more.
 Usually hard drives are
installed inside the computer.
 But nowadays there are
external storage units, and
they are called portable
hard drives.

21.  Information is encoded by means of
microscopic grooves on the device surface.
 These grooves are written and read
using a laser beam.
 The most used formats are:
FORMAT CAPACITY
CD-ROM 700 MB
DVD 4,7 GB
BD (Bluray Disc) 25 GB

22.  Solid state devices are manufactured with
electronic components.
 They have many advantages:
 Its size: they are very small
 Its speed: they are very fast
 Its storage capacity: they can storage up to 124 GB
 Its easily use: they don´t need a software for
storaging the information as in DVDs
memory card
pen drive
solid state
hard drive

23.  Solid state devices are manufactured with
electronic components.
 Computers have specific slots to
connect these drivers:
 USB
 HDMI
 Memory cards readers

24.  Components used to communicate what is
inside the computer with the external
world
There are three types of peripheral devices:
COMPUTER
SYSTEM
OUTPUT
DEVICES
INPUT
DEVICES
INPUT/OUTPUT
DEVICES

25.  They enable us to enter data and
instructions into the computer from the
outside

26.  They enable us to obtain data from the
computer.

27.  They enable us to enter data and
instructions into the computer from the
outside and the opposite.

28. There are connected
to specific slots
found on the
computer´s case.
Generally these slots
are called ports.
15. Parallel port

29. Logical
components of
the computer

30.  Any set of instructions that enables the
hardware components to work
The set of instructions is called program.
 A program is a set of
instructions a
computer has to
follow in order to
perform a task.

31.  A computer program has to be written in a
language the computers can understand.
 These languages are called
programming languages.
 Some of these
programming
languages are:
 Java
 C++
 Pascal

32.  Software has three main functions:
 It starts up the computer.
 It tells the computer how to perform its
basic functions.
 It processes data in order we can use it

33.  Software (programs) can be classified into:
 Operating systems
 Applications
Operating system
Application

34.  The operating system is the most important
program in the computer:
 It tells the computer how to perform
its basic functions.
 It communicate their tasks to the
computer´s hardware
 For example, when we
typewrite, the operating
system tells the screen
how to display characters

35.  The operating system :
 Is loaded from the hard disk when
the computer starts
 Is stored in the RAM memory
 It remains there until the
computer is turned off
RAM
HARD
DISK
Operating
system

36.  The most popular operating systems are:
 Windows
 Mac OS
 Linux

37.  Windows is used in Personal Computers.
 There are different versions.
 Windows

38.  Windows
Windows 1
Windows 3.0
Windows 95
Windows 8

39.  Mac OS is used in Apple computers.
 Mac OS

40.  Linux is a open source software. Linux
 It means that, the software has a free
license and, without paying, you can
Use and Modify it.
 There are different
distributions:
 Ubuntu
 Xubuntu
 Fedora
 Debian…

41. It is a software application for presenting,
traversing and retrieving information resources
on the World Wide Web.
 Web browsers

42. It is an information retrieval
system designed to help find
information stored on a
computer system.
 Search engine
The search results
are usually presented
in a list and are
commonly called
hits.
Search engines help to minimize the
time required to find information.

43. It is the application software
dedicated to producing
information, the necessary
information of office workers.
 Office suite
MS OFFICE OPEN OFFICE
TEXT DOCUMENT Word Writer
SPREADSHEET Excel Calc
PRESENTATION Power Point Impress
DATABASE Access Base

44. They are the programs that process:
 Images
 Sound
 Animation
 Video
 Multimedia programs