1. Different types of goals Performance Goal The goal is to hit a particular target, such as getting an A in a class, having 70% of students be proficient or advanced on CSAP, making a certain number of sales. Learning Goal The goal is not the target itself, but to become better. The target may still exist, but is not the focus of activity. Performance is a by-product of learning.

2. Learning goal = formative assessment Performance goal = summative assessment

3. Different Instructions To measure how effective different goals are, participants in research studies have been given different types of instructions Do your best! Learn as much as you can about getting better Try to meet a particular target