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Introduction-to-Databases.pptx
- 2. Introduction The term database‘ is defined as any collection of electronic records that can be processed to produce useful information. The data can be accessed, modified, managed, controlled, and organized to perform various data-processing operations. The data is typically indexed across rows, columns, and tables that make workload processing and data querying efficient. Different types of databases include object oriented, relational, distributed, hierarchical, network, and others.
- 3. In enterprise applications, databases involve mission-critical, security sensitive, and compliance-focused record items that have complicated logical relationships with other datasets and grow exponentially over time as the user based increases. As a result, these organizations require technology solutions to maintain, secure, manage and process the data stored in databases. This is where the Database Management System comes into play.
- 4. Timeline of Database ANCIENT 1960s 1970s 1976 Today 2000s 1990s 1980s
- 5. OBJECTIVES/COMPETENCIES: Understand what is database? Identify the different databases types Understand the Database Management System Identify the various widespread databases Understand the data warehousing concepts Define what is data warehouse Understand the basics of data science and data mining
- 6. What is database? A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS). Together, the data and the DBMS, along with the applications that are associated with them, are referred to as a database system, often shortened to just database.
- 7. Database Types Depending upon the usage requirements, there are following types of databases available in the market
- 8. 1. Centralized database The information(data) is stored at a centralized location and the users from different locations can access this data. This type of database contains application procedures that help the users to access the data even from a remote location.
- 10. 2. Distributed database Just opposite of the centralized database concept, the distributed database has contributions from the common database as well as the information captured by local computers also. The data is not at one place and is distributed at various sites of an organization. These sites are connected to each other with the help of communication links which helps them to access the distributed data easily.
- 12. 3. Personal database Data is collected and stored on personal computers which is small and easily manageable. The data is generally used by the same department of an organization and is accessed by a small group of people
- 14. 4. End User Database The end user is usually not concerned about the transaction or operations done at various levels and is only aware of the product which may be a software or an application. Therefore, this is a shared database which is specifically designed for the end user, just like different levels’ managers. Summary of whole information is collected in this database.
- 15. 4. End User Database https://slideplayer.com/slide/5297526/17/images/3/Figure+The+DBMS+Manages+the+Inter action+between+the+End+User+and+the+Database.jpg
- 16. 5. Commercial Database These are the paid versions of the huge databases designed uniquely for the users who want to access the information for help. These databases are subject specific, and one cannot afford to maintain such a huge information. Access to such databases is provided through commercial links
- 18. 6. NoSQL Database These are used for large sets of distributed data. There are some big data performance issues which are effectively handled by relational databases, such kind of issues are easily managed by NoSQL databases. There are very efficient in analyzing large size unstructured data that may be stored at multiple virtual servers of the cloud.
- 20. 7. Operational Database Information related to operations of an enterprise is stored inside this database. Functional lines like marketing, employee relations, customer service etc. require such kind of databases.
- 22. 8. Relational Databases These databases are categorized by a set of tables where data gets fit into a pre-defined category. The table consists of rows and columns where the column has an entry for data for a specific category and rows contains instance for that data defined according to the category.
- 24. 9. Cloud Databases Now a day, data has been specifically getting stored over clouds also known as a virtual environment, either in a hybrid cloud, public or private cloud. A cloud database is a database that has been optimized or built for such a virtualized environment.
- 26. 10. Object-Oriented Databases An object-oriented database is a collection of object-oriented programming and relational database. There are various items which are created using object-oriented programming languages like C++, Java which can be stored in relational databases, but object-oriented databases are well-suited for those items.
- 27. Database applications Facebook CNN Wikipedia Youtube Google Amazon Microsoft MySQL ebay Oracle Access Relational Database
- 29. Object-Oriented Databases is the software that is used to manage databases. Examples are MySQL, Oracle, etc. These are some commercially popular DBMS used in various applications. DBMS allows users the following tasks:
- 30. Data Definition It helps in the creation, modification, and removal of definitions that define the organization of data in the database. Data Updation It helps in insertion, modification, and deletion of the actual data in the database.
- 31. Data Retrieval User Administration It helps in retrieval of data from the database, which can be used by applications for various purposes. It helps in registering and monitoring users, enforcing data security, monitoring performance, maintaining data integrity, dealing with concurrency control, and recovering information corrupted by unexpected failure. User Administration
- 33. A. Data Integrity maintains the correctness and consistency of the data. 1. Domain Integrity - All categories and values in a database are set, including nulls (e.g., N/A). The domain integrity of a database refers to the common ways to input and read this data.
- 35. 2. Entity Integrity It depends on the making of primary keys or exclusive values that classify data items. The purpose is to make sure that data is not recorded multiple times (i.e., each data item is unique), and the table has no null fields.
- 36. 3. Referential Integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data within a database relationship. Data is linked between two or more tables. This is achieved by having the reference a primary key value.
- 37. B. Data Accessibility and Responsiveness even when it crosses traditional departmental restrictions, the end-users without programming knowledge can often recover and display data. C. Data Security the data saved in the database is secured with appropriate access control.
- 38. Data Warehousing Concepts The concept of a data warehouse was initially developed by IBM and called information warehouse. It is presented as a key for accessing data saved in non – relational systems. The information warehouse was projected to let organizations use their data archives and help them have a business advantage. Bill Inmon is the latest advocate for data warehousing and most successful. Because of his active promotion of the concept, He was called the father of data warehousing.
- 39. Data Warehousing Concepts Bill Inmon Father of Data Warehousing
- 40. Data warehouse (Inmon) Subject-oriented as the warehouse is organized around the primary subjects of the enterprise (such as customers, products, and sales) rather than the significant application areas (such as customer invoicing, stock control, and product sales). They are integrated because of the coming together of source data from different enterprise- wide applications systems. The combined data source must be made consistent with presenting a unified view of the data to the users.
- 41. Data warehouse (Inmon) Time-variant because data in the warehouse is only accurate and valid at some point in time or over some time interval. The time-variance of the data warehouse is also shown in the extended time that the data is held. The implicit or explicit association of time with all data and the fact that the data represents a series of snapshots.
- 42. Data warehouse (Inmon) Non-volatile as the data is not updated in real- time but is refreshed from operational systems regularly. New information is always added as a supplement to the database, rather than a replacement. The database continually absorbs this new data, incrementally integrating it with the previous data.
- 43. Data Mining
- 44. What is Data Mining Data mining is a process of gathering mass of data and turning it into a valuable information that will help a company. It is the way a machine or a program gathers information to solve a problem, predict revenue, know what the consumer wants, and etc.
- 45. How Does it Work? Data Mining works by gathering information and making that information valuable. It gathers data and a machine or a program process all the data and it will evaluate all the data, then the algorithm will give you the result. It’s important to know that a poor data leads into to a poor result that’s why you need to know what kind of data you’re looking for.
- 46. Who Uses it? Data mining can be use in all sorts of business, it can change the way a company approach their tactics.
- 47. Who Uses it? Example of industry that uses data mining: Marketing- by the use of data mining they able to predict the consumers behavior. They can also predict who’s likely to be interested to a certain product. And with the help of data mining, they can know what kind of advertisement would be the best for their product.
- 48. Who Uses it? Example of industry that uses data mining: Medicine- with all the data that they can gather they can predict more effectively what kind of decease does a certain person has. Media- it can personalize your show recommendation based on what you recently watched or listen to.