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Modul Pengajaran Fizik Tingkatan 5 Tahun 2014
Cikgu Khairul Anuar, SMK Seri Mahkota, Kuantan. 13
 Konsep separuh hayat boleh digambarkan seperti berikut:
 Unsur-unsur radioaktif yang berlainan mempunyai separuh hayat yang berbeza.
Unsur radioaktif Separuh hayat
Uranium-238 4 500 juta tahun
Karbon-14 5 730 tahun
Radium-226 1 620 tahun
Kobalt-60 5.3 tahun
Fosforus-32 15 hari
Iodin-131 8 hari
Natrium-24 15 jam
Protactinium-234 72 saat
Radon-220 56 saat
Polonium-214 0.164 saat
 Nilai separuh hayat boleh ditentukan daripada graf lengkung keaktifan melawan
masa atau graf bilangan atom, N radioaktif melawan masa.
Contoh penyelesaian masalah:
(1) Satu sampel radioaktif mempunyai separuh hayat 20 minit. Berapa pecahan
daripada bilangan atom asal yang belum mereput selepas 1 jam?
No

 2
1
T

 
 2
1
2T
2
1
No
4
1
No
Masa/ saat
Keaktifan/Bilangan per saat
Ao
2
1
Ao
4
1
Ao
2
1
T
2
1
2T
2
1
No
4
1
No
N
Masa/ saat
No
2
1
T
2
1
2T
Modul Pengajaran Fizik Tingkatan 5 Tahun 2014
Cikgu Khairul Anuar, SMK Seri Mahkota, Kuantan. 14
(2) Separuh hayat satu bahan radioaktif ialah 10 hari. Berapakah peratus atom
radioaktif asal yang telah mereput selepas 30 hari.
(3) Jika masa yang diambil untuk keaktifan suatu sampel bahan radioaktif mereput
dari 960 kepada 120 bilangan per minit ialah 168 saat, berapakah separuh hayat
bahan radioaktif itu?
(4) Satu sampel iodin-131 didapati mempunyai keaktifan 800 bilangan per saat.
Berapakah keaktifan sampel iodin-131 selepas 16 hari jika separuh hayat iodin-
131 ialah 8 hari?
(5) Fosforus-32 mempunyai separuh hayat 15 hari. Berapa lamakah masa yang
diambil untuk 75% daripada atom-atom satu sampel fosforus-32 mereput?
(6) Tentukan separuh hayat sampel radioaktif daripada graf susutan keaktifan
melawan masa berikut:
Keaktifan/Bilangan per saat
800
600
400
200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Masa/jam

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bab 10 keradioaktifan.pdf

  • 1. Modul Pengajaran Fizik Tingkatan 5 Tahun 2014 Cikgu Khairul Anuar, SMK Seri Mahkota, Kuantan. 13  Konsep separuh hayat boleh digambarkan seperti berikut:  Unsur-unsur radioaktif yang berlainan mempunyai separuh hayat yang berbeza. Unsur radioaktif Separuh hayat Uranium-238 4 500 juta tahun Karbon-14 5 730 tahun Radium-226 1 620 tahun Kobalt-60 5.3 tahun Fosforus-32 15 hari Iodin-131 8 hari Natrium-24 15 jam Protactinium-234 72 saat Radon-220 56 saat Polonium-214 0.164 saat  Nilai separuh hayat boleh ditentukan daripada graf lengkung keaktifan melawan masa atau graf bilangan atom, N radioaktif melawan masa. Contoh penyelesaian masalah: (1) Satu sampel radioaktif mempunyai separuh hayat 20 minit. Berapa pecahan daripada bilangan atom asal yang belum mereput selepas 1 jam? No   2 1 T     2 1 2T 2 1 No 4 1 No Masa/ saat Keaktifan/Bilangan per saat Ao 2 1 Ao 4 1 Ao 2 1 T 2 1 2T 2 1 No 4 1 No N Masa/ saat No 2 1 T 2 1 2T
  • 2. Modul Pengajaran Fizik Tingkatan 5 Tahun 2014 Cikgu Khairul Anuar, SMK Seri Mahkota, Kuantan. 14 (2) Separuh hayat satu bahan radioaktif ialah 10 hari. Berapakah peratus atom radioaktif asal yang telah mereput selepas 30 hari. (3) Jika masa yang diambil untuk keaktifan suatu sampel bahan radioaktif mereput dari 960 kepada 120 bilangan per minit ialah 168 saat, berapakah separuh hayat bahan radioaktif itu? (4) Satu sampel iodin-131 didapati mempunyai keaktifan 800 bilangan per saat. Berapakah keaktifan sampel iodin-131 selepas 16 hari jika separuh hayat iodin- 131 ialah 8 hari? (5) Fosforus-32 mempunyai separuh hayat 15 hari. Berapa lamakah masa yang diambil untuk 75% daripada atom-atom satu sampel fosforus-32 mereput? (6) Tentukan separuh hayat sampel radioaktif daripada graf susutan keaktifan melawan masa berikut: Keaktifan/Bilangan per saat 800 600 400 200 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Masa/jam