Gender based violence refers to violence directed at women that results in harm. It is perpetuated by unequal gender norms and roles in society. Types of gender based violence include intimate partner violence, sexual coercion, sexual abuse, rape, trafficking, and harmful traditional practices. Violence can be physical, sexual, or psychological in nature. Gender based violence has serious health impacts and is a public health issue. Case studies show examples of intimate partner violence, dowry deaths, harmful traditional practices against young girls, and efforts by NGOs and government to address gender based violence through counseling centers, women's police stations, and by establishing violence against women as a crime.
Uncommon Grace The Autobiography of Isaac Folorunso
Gender violence
1.
2. WHAT IS GENDER BASED VIOLENCE?
“Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in,
physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering for women, including
threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether
occurring in public or private life.”
3. • Gender norms and inequity condone and perpetuate violence against
women.
• Gender influences the patterns of violence among men vs. violence
against women.
• Violence against women is used to support unequal gender roles.
5. Physical: slapping, kicking, burning, strangulating
Sexual: coerced sex through force, threats, etc.
Psychological: isolation, verbal aggression, humiliation,
stalking
Economic: with-holding funds, controlling victim’s access
to health care, employment, etc.
Intimate partner violence:-
Sexual Coercion:-
it includes a wide range of behaviours from
violent forcible rape to more contested
areas that require young women to marry
and sexually service men not of their
choosing.”
6. GBV Affects Many Women
57
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24
41
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Violence experienced by women ever by anyone
Source: Kishor and Johnson, 2004
7. GBV is a Public Health Issue
Fatal Outcomes Non-fatal Outcomes
Femicide
Suicide
AIDS-related mortality
Maternal mortality
Physical Sexual & Reproductive Psychological &
Behavioral
Fractures
Chronic pain
syndromes
Fibromyalgia
Permanent
disability
Gastro-intestinal
disorders
Sexually-transmitted infections,
including HIV
Unwanted pregnancy
Pregnancy complications
traumatic gynecologic fistula
Unsafe abortion
Depression and anxiety
Eating and sleep disorders
Drug and alcohol abuse
Poor self-esteem
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Self harm
Source: Adapted from Bott, Morrison and Ellsberg, 2005.
8. Case Study on Intimate Partner Violence and
Women’s Contraceptive Use In US :
INTRODUCTION:-
Intimate partner violence has been hypothesized as a factor associated with
women’s risk for problems in contraception use or access. This article explores
differences in contraceptive use between abused and nonabused women, using a
case–control study of 225 women Intimate partner violence has been hypothesized
as a factor associated with women’s risk for problems in contraception use or
access.
10. This article adds to the literature on women’s contraceptive decision making as well as the discussion about
unintended pregnancies and IPV. Although this was a fairly small study, there appears to be evidence
suggestive of different contraceptive use patterns among abused and nonabused women that should be
further explored in larger studies.
11. INTRODUCTION:-
Reproductive health of women has recently
become focus of attention due to its
implications for women's own health, health
of their children, family members,
socioeconomic development of society, and
population programmes.
:-
CASE STUDY-ii PSYCHOSOCIAL, CULTURAL AND
SERVICE FACTORS AFFECTING
REPRODUCTIVE
12. 1.To examine socio-economic and demographic characteristics of
women, and cultural and service related factors affecting
health/illness and treatment seeking behaviour related to different
reproductive morbidity conditions.
2. To identify the factors affecting tolerance threshold and
consultation lag for different reproductive morbidities.
3. To examine the relationship between different types of health
behaviours and different reproductive morbidities.
4. To determine the relationship between health behaviour and
severity level of a morbid condition.
13.
14. CASE STUDY
TWO GETS LIFE SENTENCE FOR
A DOWRY MURDER CASE
Erode: Principal district judge A.S Kannan awarded life sentence
to mother and son in a dowry murder case. Dharmalingam (45), a
bangle merchant of Bhavani married Jayakumari (36)16years ago.
He used to torture his wife asking for more dowries.
On Aug 29, 2009 he demanded to bring 5 sovereigns of gold from
her father ,on refusal of her, he caught hold of her and his mother
put kerosene on her and set fire her body. She sustained serious
burns and died in hospital.
This is just one example of all such tortures done on women for
dowry. She gets beating, burnt to fire, mentally tortured, forcefully
made to work as prostitutes, and the series goes on.
15. CASE STUDY
COMMUNITY VIOLENCE :
PATHETIC CONDITION OF FEMALE GIRLS:
Not only women but girls of around 5years are also part of this
violence against women.
In Jambumadai, a remote village in Trichy district.This lies in a
backward area of this districts where no river is there but depends on
rain for its every crop.
Here, a traditional practice of burying a girl till neck is followed on the
day of solar eclipse. It’s a myth here that if a girl is buried on the day
of solar eclipse from the time eclipse starts till it end, then all types of
mental and physical problem a girl is having will be cured!!! Some
times, girls do die due to improper flow of oxygen taking place by the
time when she is buried.
These types of traditional practices of playing with the life of girls
should be stopped.
16. SOCIETAL RESPONSES AND EFFORTS OF
GOVERNMENT IN CONTROLLING VIOLENCE
Many NGO’s have organized trainings and group discussions, as a
result of which “honor killings” were for the first time discussed in
public. The project led to positive changes in knowledge, attitudes
and practices among community members who increasingly began
to regard “honor killings” as a crime, rather than a legitimate means
to defend a tribe’s honor.
Recently a new family counseling center has been set by the joint
efforts of Tamilnadu social welfare board Chennai, and the Tiruchi
city police .Tiruchi is the second city in the state to have such center
with the joint initiative with police to redress the grievances of
affected women and provide relief to those in distress. There are
already 66 such counseling centers working in the state.
The concept of All women police station (AWPS) has been
successfully started .These women police station also provide
counseling through professional counselors to help women in
overcoming distress.
17. The Crimes identified under
the Indian Penal Code (IPC):
(1) Section 376 (rape)
(2) Kidnapping and abduction for different purposes
(Sec.363 – 373 IPC)
(3) Homicide for dowry, dowry deaths or their attempts
(Sec.302, 304-B IPC)
(4) Torture, both mental and physical
(Sec.498-A IPC)
(5) Importation of girls (up to 21 years of age.(Sec.366-B
IPC)
(6) Molestation (Sec.354 IPC and Sexual harassment
(Sec.509 IPC)
The Crimes identified
under the Special Laws :
1)Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act 1987
2) Dowry (Prohibition) Act 1961
3) Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act 1956,
4) Indecent Representation of women
(Prohibition) Act 1986
5) The Medical Termination of Pregnancy
Act 1971 and so on.
18. From the words of a WOMEN...
, with a deeper instinct choose a man who compels my strength, who makes
enormous demand on me, who does not doubt my courage, or my toughness,
who does not behave me naïve or innocent, WHO HAS COURAGE TO TREAT
ME LIKE A WOMEN…
