Keele University conducted an independent study to evaluate the value of its Jisc membership. It found that through its Jisc subscription and optional services, Keele saves over £2.8 million per year, including £2.558 million in direct cost savings and £279,000 in costs avoided. Key areas where Keele saves money through Jisc include licensing for learning and research resources, cyber security and connectivity support, federated access for single sign-on, and access to data and analytics tools. Without Jisc's services, Keele would face significant budget and resource challenges in supporting learning, teaching and research.