2. INTRODUCITON:
Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by
the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural
waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green
waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable energy source.
3. HISTORY:
Biogas technology is being promoted in India chiefly under the
aspect of energy. The focus on this derives from the crucial
energy supply situation for the population in the country. Besides
China, India is the country where the development of
uncomplicated biogas plants for the Tropics which are simple to
operate started. Since the fifties the mass dissemination of biogas
plants has been propagated and initiated for rural households,
yet this development did not experience an upswing until the
seventies so that by 1980 100,000 plants had been installed. With
the beginning of the 6th 5-year plan in 1981, the National Project
for Biogas Development (NPBD) came into being following the
objective of mass dissemination of household biogas plants and
also including financial support.
4. Biogas dissemination in India experienced a number of set-backs as a large
proportion of the plants erected were not used or only used to an insufficient
extent.
5. WORKING OF BIOGAS:
Biogas is made in a biogas digester. We call it a digester because it
is a large tank filled with bacteria that eats (or digests) organic
waste and gives a flammable gas, called biogas. The bacteria in
the Gesi550 biogas digester need to be cared for like you would
care for an animal. If the bacteria have too much or too little
food they get sick. You must feed the bacteria every day with a
mixture of food waste and water.
6. Biogas systems make use of a relatively simple, well-known, and mature
technology. The main part of a biogas system is a large tank, or digester.
Inside this tank, bacteria convert organic waste into methane gas through
the process of anaerobic digestion.
8. PROCESSING OF BIOGAS:
Biogas is produced from organic waste (carbon) which
biodegrades by means of bacteria in an anaerobic
environment. This process is expedited at a process temperature
of 38°C/100°F (mesophilic) or 52°C/125.6°F (thermophilic) in the
plant's digester.
The biogas plant receives all kinds of organic waste - typically
livestock manure and organic industrial waste.
9.
10. ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS:
Biogas is Eco-Friendly.
Biogas Generation Reduces Soil and Water Pollution.
Biogas Generation Produces Organic Fertilizer.
It’s A Simple and Low-Cost Technology That Encourages A Circular
Economy.
Healthy Cooking Alternative For Developing Areas.
11. DISADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS:
Few Technological Advancements.
Contains Impurities.
Effect of Temperature on Biogas Production.
Less Suitable For Dense Metropolitan Areas.
12. LIMITATIONS OF BIOGAS:
The process is not very attractive economically (as compared to
other bio fuels) on a large industrial scale.
It is very difficult to enhance the efficiency of bio gas systems.
Bio gas contains some gases as impurities, which are corrosive to
the metal parts of internal combustion engines.
Not feasible to locate at all the locations.
13. APPLICATION OF BIOGAS:
Heat and power from one energy source
Micro gas grids: from biogas plant to combined heat and power
plant
Biomethane in the natural gas grid
Biogas as a fuel
Energy that can be stored and used at the drop of a hat
14. RECENT DEVELOPMENT:
The big projects in China, India and Nepal used animal dung as a
feed stock. It is seen as a rural technology, so has less attention
from governments interested in helping people in rapidly growing
urban areas.
Recent developments in India use biogas to process food wastes,
so it is gaining an urban dimension. One approach is plastic
floating drum plants for individual households. Groups using this
approach are ARTI in Pune, M VK Nardep in Kanyakumari, Tamil
Nadu; and Biotech In Trivandrum, Kerela. People can save up to
30% LPG for cooking by processing their own wastes, or up to
100%, using waste food from elsewhere.
15. Biotech have larger sized plants to process food wastes and sewage from
institutions. Similar systems are used with market wastes, run by local
authorities, mainly in Kerala. These plants use floating steel drums, but newer
ones use tanks made from fibre reinforced plastic.
16. FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR BIOGAS IN
INDIA
With the Indian government keen on utilizing renewable resources
for energy production, it is likely that there will be a greater thrust
and higher incentives for concepts such as biogas production
from waste. An increasing awareness among the public
regarding sustainable use of resources will only enhance the
production and use of biogas. It can hence be expected that
biogas will have a significant growth in India at all levels of usage
(household, municipality and industry) for both heat generation
and electricity production.
Both the central and the state governments in India have
recognized the significance of biomass-based energy in the
context of development of the rural population.
17. CONCLUSIONS:
Bioenergy is one of the primary sources of fuel in India. The energy
utilization in Karnataka considering all types of energy sources
and sector wise consumption revealed that traditional fuels such
as firewood (7.440 million tonnes of oil equivalent -43.6%), agro
residue (1.510 million tonnes of oil equivalent -8.85%), biogas,
cow dung (0.250 million tonnes of oil equivalent -1.47%) accounts
for 53.20% of the total energy consumption in Karnataka. In rural
areas the dependency on the bioenergy to meet the domestic
energy requirements are as high as 80-85% (Ramachandra et a!.,
2000b).
18. It removes dependence on forest and enhances greeneries leading to
improved environment.Kolar depends mainly on non-commercial forms of
energy. Non-commercial energy constitutes 84%, met mainly by sources like
firewood, agricultural residues and cowdung , while commercial energy share
is 16%, met mainly by electricity, oil, etc.
