1. TOPIC
SCIENCE EXPRESS
[ BIODIVERSITY SPECIAL ]
PRESENTED BY-
JYOTI KUMARI
PGDM
IIBM PATNA

3. Inauguration of Science Express - Biodiversity Special
 The Science Express – Biodiversity Special exhibition was
inaugurated at Delhi Safdarjung station on 5 June
2012, World Environment Day.
 Smt. Sheila Dikshit, Hon’ble Chief Minister of Delhi was the
Chief Guest of the ceremony.
 The function was hosted by Smt. Jayanthi Natarajan
Hon’ble Minister of State for Environment & Forests.
 The dignitaries inaugurated the exhibition at 9:00 am and
then proceeded for a brief overview of the exhibition. Smt.
Sheila Dikshit and Smt. Jayanthi Natarajan flagged off the
train at 10:00 am after which the exhibition was open for
visitors.

5. JOURNEY OF SCIENCE EXPRESS
 Science express has brought to the people across
India, four times, Flagged off on 30 Oct. 2007 by the
Hon'ble Prime Minister of India Dr. Man Mohan Singh and
German Chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel.
 Science Express exhibition train covered over 68,000 km
across the country during its four phases. With over 63.60
lakh visitors at its 220 halts during 801 exhibition days.
 Science Express is now the largest, longest and most
visited mobile science exhibition in India.
 ‘Science Express - Biodiversity Special’ in its fifth phase.
 The Science Express - Biodiversity Special moved to Bihar.
The SEBS exhibition train was welcomed at Patna Railway
Station by Mr. Varun Bharthuar, General Manager, East
Central Railway.

6. Mr. Chander
Mr. Varun Bharthuar, GM, E C Mohan, Director, NCSTC with the
Railway Chief Guest after welcome ceremony
welcomed the SEBS at Patna

7. BIODIVERSITY
BIO-LIFE
DIVERSITY-VARIETY
 Biodiversity means differences in
living beings. It implies infinite
variations in the species, both plants
and animals, of nature and their
living environment.
 Species diversity is represented by
morphological, physiology and
genetic features.
IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY
 Ecosystem and Ecological value( The
differences in habitats and biological
communities. )
 Economic and scientific value
 Scientific cultural

8. NUMBER OF SPECIES

9. According to the Global Taxonomy Initiative and the European Distributed
Institute of Taxonomy, the total number of species -
 10–30 million insects;(of some 0.9 million we know today)
 5–10 million bacteria;
 1.5 million fungi;(of some 0.075 million we know today)
 1 million mites
 The number of microbial species is not reliably known.
PLANT AND ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY
 Ranchi: India ranks fourth in Asia and tenth in the world in plant
diversity, the Birsa Agricultural University (BAU) Vice Chancellor, N N
Singh, has said.
("India boasts of 45,000 plants and 91,000 animal species,“)

10.  India is the centre of 30,000 to 50,000
varieties of rice, pigeon
pea, mango, turmeric, ginger, pepper,
banana, bitter
gourd, okra, coconut, cardamom, jack
fruit, sugarcane, bamboo, indigo, goos
e berries, besides hundreds of species
of wild crop relatives and forest trees.
 Invertebrates - vertebrates
insect ---- reptile 460
bird-1232
amphibians-248
mammal-347
fresh fish-678
Fig-shows the plant
diversity

11.  ENDANGERED SPECIES
All species on earth are endangered
because of the serious
environmental challenges our
planet faces.
Fig-shows the animal
diversity

12. Our 10 Most Endangered Animals
1. Ivory-Billed Woodpecker
A North American bird so endangered it may actually be extinct.
2. Amur Leopard
The world’s rarest cat: Only 40 left in Russia’s Far East.
3. Javan Rhinoceros
No more than 60 of these swamp-dwelling Asian rhinos exist.
4. Greater Bamboo Lemur
Here’s the scarcest of Madagascar’s fast-dwindling lemur species.
5. Northern Right Whale
Hunted to near extinction, 350 right whales still swim the Atlantic.
6. Western Lowland Gorilla
Disease and illegal hunting are taking an alarming toll on this gentle
giant of a primate.

13. 7. Leatherback Sea Turtle
The population of the world’s largest turtle is dropping at
an alarming rate.
8. Siberian (or Amur) Tiger
The world’s biggest cat weighs as much as 300 kilos (660
pounds).
9. Chinese Giant Salamander
Humans are eating the world’s largest amphibian into
extinction.
10. Kakapo Parrot
So few of these flightless parrots remain that the survivors
all have names.

14. ENDANGERED SPECIES
Only A Few Thousand
The Mountain Gorilla African Wild Dogs
Remain, And The Species
Is Listed As Endangered

15. Black Rhinos In Kenya A Great White Shark

16. PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY
 MEETING THE CHALLENGES
 Government of India is doing this through a number of strategies both
in situ and ex situ.
 The ministry of environment and forest and a number of organization
and bodies are engaged in biodiversity conservation, research education
and awareness.
 Such as-
 AWBI(Animal welfare board of India )
 BSI(Botanical survey of India)
 CZA(Central zoo authority)
 COE (centre of excellence)
 FSI(Fishery/forest survey of India)
 NBA(National biodiversity authority)
 NZP(National zoological park)
 WII(Wildlife institute of India)
 ZSI(Zoological survey of India)

17. NATIONAL MICROBES
 Mucor
 Rhizobium (found in the roots of pulse plants and helps in
fixing nitrogen in the soil.)
 Blue mold (used to make antibiotics.)
 Wild yeast
 Bacteriophages ( found in river Ganges that eats bacteria.)
 Spirogyra (an algae that traps carbon dioxide and is a
source of energy. )
 E.coli (found in the human intestines and helps producing
Vitamin K2.)
 Lactobacillus(to make curd.)

18. DOLPHIN
 Dolphins are marine
mammals closely related
to whales and porpoise
 Dolphins are among the most
intelligent animals, and their
often friendly appearance and
seemingly playful attitude have
made them popular in human
culture.
 Dolphins have a
streamlined fusiform body, ada
pted for fast swimming.
 The tail fin, called the fluke, is
used for propulsion.

19.  The head contains the melon, a round organ used for echolocation.
 Dolphins breathe through a blowhole on top of their head.
 Snout-elongated mouth.
CROCODILES
 A crocodile are large aquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in
Africa, Asia, the Americas and Austria
 Crocodiles tend to congregate in freshwater habitats such as
rivers, lakes, wetlands and sometimes in brackish water.
 They feed mostly on vertebrates - fish, reptiles, and mammals, and sometimes
on invertebrates -molluscs and crustaceans, depending on specieslia.
 The saltwater crocodile and Nile crocodile are the most dangerous, killing
hundreds of people each year in parts of Southeast Asia and Africa.
The mugger crocodile, American crocodile, American alligator and black
caiman are also dangerous to humans.

20. Crocodile products
 Crocodile leather can be made into
goods such as wallets, briefcases,
purses, handbags, belts, hats, and
shoes.
 The meat is white and its nutritional
composition compares favorably with
that of other meats.
 It tends to have a slightly higher
cholesterol level than other meats.

21. SEVEN BIOGEOGRAPHIC AREA
 1.TRANS HIMALAYA
 Himalaya, is a mountain
range immediately to the north
of the Indian subcontinent
 Himalayas originate from the
northward movement of
the Indian tectonic plate .
The five highest peaks in the
Himalaya are:
 Everest, 8,848 meters (29,029 ft)
 K2, 8,611 meters (28,251 ft)
 Kangchenjunga, 8,586 meters
(28,169 ft)
 Lhotse, 8,516 meters (27,940 ft)
 Makalu, 8,462 meters (27,762 ft)
• The Himalaya region is dotted
with hundreds of lakes

22. THE GANGETIC PLAIN
 region of north-central India.
 It stretches westward, centered on
the Ganges River, from
the Brahmaputra River valley and
the Ganges delta to the Indus
River valley. It contains the richest
and most densely populated areas.
 The greater part of the plain is made
up of alluvial soil, deposited by the
extensive network of rivers in the
region.
 The eastern part of the plain has
summer rainfall .
 It becomes progressively drier
toward the west, where it
incorporates the Thar Desert.

23. NORTH EAST INDIA
 Northeast India refers to the easternmost region of India consisting of the
contiguous Seven Sister States (Arunachal
Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,Nagaland and Tripura), Sikki
m, and parts of North Bengal (districts of Darjeeling,Jalpaiguri, and Koch
Bihar).
 51 forest types are found in the region .
classified into six major types –
 tropical moist deciduous forests,
 tropical semi evergreen forests,
 tropical wet evergreen forests,
 subtropical forests,
 temperate forests and
 alpine forests.
 These forests harbor 80,000 out of 15,000 species of flowering plants.
 60% of their geographical area under forest cover.
 North East India is a part of Indo Burma 'hotspot'. The hotspot is, the
second largest

24. WWF has identified the following priority Eco regions in North-East India:
 Brahmaputra Valley Semi Evergreen Forests
 The Eastern Himalayan Broadleaved Forests
 The Eastern Himalayan Sub-alpine Coniferous Forests
 India–Myanmar Pine Forests
Forest reserves of North East India
Namdapha National Park
 Spread over an area of 1985 sq. kilometers in Arunachal Pradesh, Namdapha
National Park is the largest national park of the northeast region.
 The Namdapha Tiger reserve in Changlang district of Arunachal
Pradesh, spread in an area of 1850 sq. kilometers , species such as -
Tiger, Clouded Leopard, Snow Leopard and Lesser cats.
Manas National Park
 55 mammals, 50 reptiles, 380 birds and 3 amphibians .
 It is also an Elephant Reserve and Biosphere Reserve.

25. Kaziranga National Park
 Spread over an area of approximately 430 sq. kilometers, at a distance of 217
kilometers from Guwahati.
 Kaziranga National Park on the bank of Brahmaputra river.
 SPECIES-leopard, elephant, barasingha or swamp deer, barking deer, wild
boar, hog deer, bison, otter,Hoolock Gibbon, Golden langur, wild water
buffalo, capped langur, pygmy hog, bear.
Orang National Park
 Also known as 'Mini Kaziranga.
 The Orang National Park is situated on the northern bank of the
river Brahmaputra, in the state of Assam.
 One-horned Rhinoceros, Royal Bengal Tiger, Asiatic elephant, hog deer, wild
boar, civet, leopard, hare,porcupines and commonly found birds and reptiles in
the region.
 .

26. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary
 Situated in the Morigaon district of Assam.
 protects Asian Buffalo, Leopard,Wild bear, civet, various reptiles and some
2000 migratory birds
Keibul Lamjoa National Park
 Keibul Lamjao National Park is about 53 kilometers from Imphal in Manipur.

27. THE WESTERN GHAT
 The range starts near the border
of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south
of the Tapti river.
Mountains
 Hill ranges
 Nilgiris