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1. Sprinkler Fire Pumps System Pressure Control - by - James S. Nasby Columbia Engineering File: CE Fire Pump System Pressure Control.ppt

12. Variable Speed Motor Drive Controller

13. Variable Speed Motor Drive Controller

14. Variable Speed Motor Drive Controller Full Speed Bypass Path Variable Speed Path Fully Redundant Fire Pump Controller Note: A-T-L (D-O-L) Full Voltage Starting in this Example

15. Variable Speed Motor Drive Controller

16. Variable Speed Motor Drive Controller

17. Variable Speed Motor Drive Controller Bays: FPC Section, Transfer Switch Section, VFD Section.

18. Variable Speed Motor Drives VFD Theory of Operation 3 Phase Line Freq. AC to DC Smoothing(Ripple Reduction) DC / AC (at "X" KHz)

19. Variable Speed Motor Drives VFD Theory of Operation - cont'd 2 KHz One Cycle VFD Inverter Output Voltage Waveform

20. Variable Speed Motor Drives VFD Theory of Operation - cont'd Approximate Motor Current Waveform 2 KHz Ripple One Cycle

23. Variable Speed Electric Motor Driven Fire Pumps - cont'd Possible responses from any feedback control system. Under Damped Response Uncontrolled (Destructive) Oscillation Critically Damped (Ideal) Response Over Damped Response

24. Variable Speed Motor Drive Pumps Multi-Acre Multi-Building Campus Fire Pump House Location Tower 55 Acre Campus

25. Variable Speed Motor Drive Pumps Multi-Acre Multi-Building Campus (253 Second Chart Span) Multiple Fire Water Loops - plus - Remote Tower - lead to - Multiple System Hydraulic Time Constants Note that these were measured after pump shutdown

26. Variable Speed Motor Drive Pumps Multi-Acre Multi-Building Campus (151 Second Chart Span)

27. Variable Speed Motor Drive Pumps Multi-Acre Multi-Building Campus (86 Second Chart Span)

28. Variable Speed Motor Drive Pumps Multi-Acre Multi-Building Campus Measured: 25s, 20s, 4s, 2s Hydraulic Time Constants --- Stable pressure control requires a robust PID control loop and expert set-up knowledge and experience. (63 Second Chart Span)

32. Induction Motor Locked Rotor Codes Note: Controllers (15 Hp and higher rated ) are NOT rated, tested, approved, or listed for starting codes above Code "G".

35. Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Part Winding Starting Amps = 390% KWatt = 156% Torque * = 48% *Will bring Fully Loaded Pumps up to Speed

36. Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Part Winding Note: The Motor Must be Wound Specifically for Part Winding Start .

39. Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Primary Reactor

40. Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Y-Δ Closed Transition Starting Amps = 200 / 600% KWatt = 80 / 240% Torque * = 33% *Will NOT bring Fully Loaded Pumps up to Speed Also requires additional Wye contactor Interlocking in addition to Motor Contactors (not practical).

41. Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Y-Δ Closed Transition The "Y" and "M2" Contactors must be both Electrically and Mechanically Interlocked to avoid inadvertent short circuits.

42. Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Y-Δ Open Transition Same Problems as with Y-Δ Closed Transition But also has a Transition Hazard (High Spike Current which can cause the Circuit Breaker to Trip with Stiff Source) Lagging Leading Closed

43. Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Soft Start (Solid State) Starting Amps = 240 / 400% KWatt = Ramps Torque * = 16 / 44% *Will bring Fully Loaded Pumps up to Speed

44. Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Soft Start (Solid State)

45. Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Autotransformer Starting Amps = 276% KWatt = 110% Torque * = 42% *Will bring Fully Loaded Pumps up to Speed Requires additional Wye contactor Interlocking in addition to Motor Contactors (not practical).

46. Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Autotransformer The "Y" and "M" Contactors must be both Electrically and Mechanically Interlocked to avoid inadvertent short circuits.

47. Starting Methods -vs- Motor Types

48. Motor Starting Characteristics Parameter Chart

49. Motor Starting Characteristics Parameter Notes to Chart

52. 6 - High Rise and Warehouse Systems

53. High Rise and Warehouse Systems - cont'd Pressure Variables Pump Pressure ~ RPM Squared

54. High Rise and Warehouse Systems - cont'd Pressure Set-Point (Set Pressure) Feedback Control System (PID Loop) "limits" the pressure by "flattening" the curve to the desired set pressure by controlling the pump speed.

55. High Rise and Warehouse Systems - cont'd Note that all pumps are allowed to have a 40% rise to churn (Shutoff). Set-point (PID) control compensates for pressure variations in: 1) Suction Supply 2) Pump Inlet Friction Loss 3) Pump Curve It does not compensate for discharge & system piping friction loss since pressure is sensed at the pump discharge. Note that by the time the pressure drops below the Set Pressure, the pump will be running at Full Speed .

56. High Rise and Warehouse Systems - cont'd For best economy, use the most efficient pump to reduce the horsepower required. A flat pump curve does not help the controller control pressure. The pump curve must be monotonic (no rise in the pump curve). Note motor Inverter Duty Label.

57. High Rise and Warehouse Systems - cont'd Variable Speed Pump Mitigates Pressure Loss between Pump House and buildings.

58. High Rise and Warehouse Systems - cont'd 2500 Gpm Test Flow 1,500,000 Sq.Ft. Distribution Center 250 Hp 2500 Gpm Pump Serious Supply Pressure Variation

60. Horizontal and Vertical Fire Pump Examples - cont'd A large College Campus Education Building (Sprinkler Retrofit).

61. Horizontal and Vertical Fire Pump Examples - cont'd Same College Campus, Different Education (Also Retrofit)

62. Horizontal and Vertical Fire Pump Examples - cont'd The College Buildings

63. Horizontal and Vertical Fire Pump Examples - cont'd 125 Hp deep well dual use vertical turbine pump

64. Horizontal and Vertical Fire Pump Examples - cont'd 125 Hp deep well dual use pump

65. Horizontal and Vertical Fire Pump Examples - cont'd 100 Hp Vertical In-line pump

68. Combined (Dual Use) System Fire and Domestic Water Very Large Mall Domestic and Fire Water (Backup for Domestic) Four Pumps 2 @ 30 Hp (VIL) 2 @ 60 Hp (HSC) T-Switch Controllers Triplexed (Lead-Lag) With Interlocked Backup Pressure & Fire Signal (Remote) Start on Lead Pump (Sports Store Ammunition Storage)

69. Combined (Dual Use) System Fire and Domestic Water

70. Triple Dual Use System Fire, Domestic & Tower Refill Near Minneapolis Water Treatment Room

71. Triple Use System Very Medical Housing Campus Domestic & Fire Water & Tower Refill Deep Well Pump 125 Hp 1250 GPM Triple Controller Control 1) Pressure Start Based on Tower Water Level 2) Fire Alarm System Start and Full Speed Run 3) Campus Control System controls speed for best water treatment (300 to 400 gpm for tower refill daily. Note: Tower limits campus water system pressure (tower overflows).

72. Dual Use Fire and Domestic Water DOD Approved Very Large Many Building Military Installation - 3 Pumps: Variable Speed Motor Drive, Diesel PLD Drive & VFD Jockey Pump

73. Dual Use Fire and Domestic Water 125 Hp Controller with Dual Coolers Low Suction, Low and High System Pressure Alarms Note Alarm Set : Used to consolidate Tamper Signals to Fire Pump Controller which feeds a Radio Link Alarm System

74. Dual Use Fire and Domestic Water Two sets of Dual Relief Valves (one Set to Waste the other Bypasses) Coordinates with several other pump rooms and fire pumps.

78. Questions ? [email_address] 847-677-3468