Children who experience trauma often are subject to complex trauma, which is a series of difficult life events that interfere with attachment relationships and that threaten healthy development in a range of domains, including emotional, cognitive, sexual, social, and physical (Van der Kolk, 2005). Children learn to cope with, adapt to, and overcome the effects of trauma in the safety of secure relationships. The purpose of this powerpoint is to describe complex trauma, to show the importance of secure relationships, and to show factors associated with good social service outcomes when children have experienced complex trauma. Case materials bring the issues to life.
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Factors Associated with Good Outcomes When Children Have Experienced Complex Trauma
1. Factors Associated with Good
Outcomes when Children have
Experienced Complex Trauma
Jane F. Gilgun, Ph.D., LICSW
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
23 August 2014
jgilgun@umn.edu
2. Topics
Complex Trauma & Attachment
Relationships
Trauma, the Brain, & Self-Regulation
Coping & Resilience
The Common Factors Model
A Case Study
Factors Associated with Good Outcomes
Discussion
3. Complex Trauma
What is trauma?
Children rarely experience a single
trauma
Parents often have untreated trauma
5. Neurobiology
Experiences encoded in brain circuits
Traumatic experiences not processed
through the seat of reasoning, which
is the prefrontal cortex
6. Four General Ways of
Coping
• Coping as Process
• Resilience as Process
• Requires corrective experiences
7. Memory Fragment: Hot Button
Dysregulation
Human Agency/Automatic Activation of Schemas
Outcome
Pro-social Anti-Social
Self-
destructivei
Inappropriate
Noxious Event
Search for Coping Strategies
8. Resilience
Capacities to cope with, adapt to, and
overcome adversities
Effective social service programs
promote resilience
Marshall resources to deal with
adversities
9. ACE
Services begin before age 10
Strategies: bring resources to children
& families
relationship most important resource
Goals: to promote optimal development
and to keep kids out of juvenile justice
system
10. The Common Factors Model
Extratherapeutic Factors (40%) [events external
to service provision]
Relationships (30%)
Optimism, Motivation, Capacities (15%)
Skills, techniques (15%)
14. Factors Associated with
Good Outcomes
Definition
Parents’ Actions
Secure Relationships
Effective Case Management
Deal Directly with Trauma
Resources
A Favorable External Environment
15. References
Gil, Eliana & Jennifer A. Shaw (2013). Working with children with sexual
behavior problems. New York: Guilford.
Ford, Julian D., Damion Grasso, Carolyn Greene, Joan Levine, Joseph
Spinazzola, & Bessel van der Kolk (2013). Clinical significance of a proposed
developmental trauma disorder diagnosis: Results of an international survey of
clinicians. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 74(8), 841-849.
Gilgun, Jane F. (2012) The NEATS: A child & family assessment (2nd
ed.).
Amazon.
Lieberman, Alicia F. (2007). Ghosts and angels: Intergenerational patterns in
the transmission and treatment of the traumatic sequelae of domestic violence.
Infant Mental Health Journal, 28(3), 422-439.
Child Trauma Academy. http://childtrauma.org
Child Trauma Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of
California, San Francisco. https://psych.ucsf.edu/research.aspx?id=1554
Circle of Security International. http://circleofsecurity.net
National Child Traumatic Stress Network. https://www.google.com/ -
q=national+child+traumatic+stress+network&revid=130123495
Trauma Institute & Child Trauma Institute. http://www.childtrauma.com