2. Maintenance

3. Reasons for System
Maintenance
 Increase reliability
 Increase system longevity
 Increase customer relations
 Decrease outage size and outage times



4. Substation
Maintenance

5. Transmission Poles
Maintenance

6. Distribution Pole
Maintenance

7. Continued
Check for broken or
cracked insulators
Blown or missing lighting
arrestors
Leaking or damaged
transformers
Possible PCB transformers

8. Continued
Damaged secondary
wires
Loose hardware
Unusually lose primary
or secondary wire

9. Mapping
Maintenance
Mutual Aid
Contractors
Storm restoration

11. Tree Trimming

12. Trees grow at a rate of 12-
24 inches per year

13. System Hardening

14. Reasons for System
Hardening
 Increase framing for damage
prevention
 Increase wire size for current and
anticipated load
 Increase pole size for increased
height of farm or highway traffic
 Change voltage for more optimal
operation of system
 Creating loop fed systems

15. Underground
Hardening
Create loop fed systems
Install fault indicators
Mapping
Converting Overhead to
underground

16. Overhead to Underground
5-10 times as costly as
overhead (con)
More pleasing to customers
(pro)
No tree trimming (pro)
Increased outage times (con)

17. Overhead
Hardening
 Change from light braces to
heavy braces.
 Tightening hardware
 Adding or replacing lightning
arresters
 Adding guy wires
 Changing out bad poles or having
outside contractor restore pole

19. Vegetation Management
Employ aggressive trimming
Enforce or implement
ordnances against dead or
dying trees
Educate property owners on
proper placing of new trees

20. Changing wire and wire
size
Changing bare copper to
ACSR
Increasing wire size for future
demand
Changing out open wire to
triplex (depending on
company)
Tightening primary wire

21. Pole Size Increase
Increased height of farm
equipment

22. Pole Size Increase

23. Change Voltage
 Converting from a Delta system
to a Y system make it possible to
increase the load-carrying
capacity to ≈73%
 Voltage regulation is also greatly
improved.
 Many cities have already
converted over to a Y system for
the increased feeder capacity.

24. Creating loops or Back
feed
Underground distribution
loops
Overhead distribution loops
Transmission loop

25. Smart Grid
Automatic feeder switches
Smart meter technology
Advanced GIS mapping
Dispersed generation
Customer owned generation
Green technologies

26. Conclusion
System Maintenance
System Hardening