2. Philosophy of education is a system of rationally supported
assumptions and beliefs about education. It uses traditional
philosophical concepts and methods to show how children’s
experiences, if organize in accordance with certain
assumptions, will result in the achievement of what may
considered the good life.
The assumption can be made and related to four basic
question:
1. What is there to know?
This involves the nature of reality and asks about the universe.
3. 2. How do we know?
This concerns the processes and characteristics of
knowledge and distinguish truth from falsehood and
error. This is studied in logic and epistemology.
3. Who or what is most worth of?
This raises issues about mans preferences, and his
reason for choosing one thing rather than another.
This study of values or axiology is intrinsic to question
in ethics, aesthetic, and religion.
4. 4. What is the nature of man and culture?
This concerns the characteristics of human behavior
and it’s settings, and they are studied in psychology,
sociology , anthropology , and others.
5. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY
The Birthplace of philosophy was seaport town of
Miletus, located across the Sea of Athens on the
western part of Iona in Asia Manor, and for this
reason, the first philosophers called Milesians or
Inonans. It is wealth made possible the leisure
without with the life of the art and philosophy
could hardly develop, and the broadmindedness
an inquisitiveness of it’s people created a
congenial atmosphere for the intellectual activity
that was to become philosophy.
7. Realism
The roots of realism date back as far as the origin of
idealism, and it was, in fact, a philosophical revolt
against idealism. Educational realism is concerned
primarily with helping the child understands and accept
demands made upon him by the laws of nature. The
students first task is to master what man has already
come to know, since knowledge exist external to him as
part of society reality. The student can thought a
problem-solving approach that will help him to learn new
things from reality. The real task of education is to lead
the child to establish effective relationships with the
objects and events that surrounds him to save him from
vain illusions.
8. 1. Education develops
one’s reasoning power.
- Education is a process of learning how
to acquire knowledge and putting that
knowledge o practical use.
- Stresses the fact individual must
become rational masters of themselves
since only then they will able to control
the environment.
- Realist gather s all the possible
reliable data and measures students
according to the standard created.
KEY CONCEPT IMPLICATIONS TO EDUCATION
9. Idealism
Idealism is in many ways the offspring of Greek and
Medieval rationalism. This was a belief that truth and
knowledge do not depend upon sense experience but
can only be secured only though reason. In education,
the students must helped reflect though eternal
understanding of ideal experience. Hence idealism is
ideal centered.
10. 1. Education develops the
personality on an
individual.
1. Knowledge and
development of the
mind are important
- Shows great concern for the moral
and spiritual values in the society.
- Teaches self- control, creativity,
social responsibility and regard for
other persons.
- Emphasizes the importance of
rationality and the need for the
cultivation of reason.
- Each persons mind must strive to
realize itself.
- Education is seen by idealist as the
mean to an end.
KEY CONCEPTS IMPLICATIONS TO EDUCATION
11. 3. Education is the
process that originate
within the self.
4. Education is centered
around the ideals.
- Learning the process must be self-
initiated to warrant the label idealist.
- Stress the importance of self- activity
because it gives the student the
impetus for learning and
development
- Instructions moves for the general
principles of ideals that are always
known in advance to the teacher, to
specific application within the pattern
of deductive thinking.
KEY CONCEPTS
IMPLICATIONS TO
EDUCATION
12. 5. Education is for life.
6. Education is objective of
teaching testing
- Believes that education is basic to
life and that all education should
have useful purpose.
- Attempts to develop students in such
a manner that they can understand
and make adjustment of view the real
world in orderly and systematic
fashion to relate to the problem
outside the world.
- Employs objective methods
evaluation
KEY CONCEPTS
IMPLICATIONS TO
EDUCATION
13. 7. The educational process
in in an orderly manner
- Facts are presented clearly in an
objective and logical sequence.
- Urges the student o master the facts
that are presented to them.
- Uses techniques such as visual-aids
to bring the real world in to the
school environment.
- Students are guided through a
process of inductive reasoning
leading to an unified concept of the
physical.
KEY CONCEPTS
IMPLICATION TO
EDUCATION
14. 8. The curriculum is
scientifically oriented.
- The realistic curriculum stresses
science.
- Mastery of the fundamental facts is
accomplished by means of drill and
memorization.
- Mastery of knowledge is
implemented by experimentation,
demonstration and observation.
- Educators places great emphasis on
research and scientific facts and
principles as possible.
KEY CONCEPTS
IMPLICATIONS TO
EDUCATION
15. 9. There should be
standardization of
measurements
techniques in
education.
10. The students is a
creative being who is
guided by the teacher.
- Education favors devising of
performance for students in various
activities.
- Program of student is evaluated by
objective standardized tests.
- Conceives the objectives and
organizes the subject matter.
- Formulates ideas though project
method, lecture method, and
question and answer method.
KEY CONCEPTS
IMPLICATIONS TO
EDUCATION
16. Pragmatism
Pragmatism primarily an American philosophy, although
its roots go back to Greek thinking. Pragmatism is
primarily conceive with the knowledge process, the
relationship of ideas to action. Basically, this concerns
with the method of reflect thinking. Pragmatism will teach
children that history is in large part of a record of the
different measurement and judgment have made there
understanding reality. Hence, it cultivates a critical
skepticism in students.
17. 1. Individuals learn though
experience.
2. Education is for social
efficiency
- The key to all learning and the
application intelligence to new
experiences make the educational
process effective.
- Teaches the students knowledge and
skills that will enable them to take
their place in the society.
- Provides students with the necessary
tools to enable them to adjust to their
environment and solve the many
problems that may arise.
KEY CONCEPTS IMPLICATIONS TO
EDUCATION
18. 3. Education is child
centered
- Gives the students the opportunity to
participate in the community affairs
which will prove beneficial when they
be come functional member in the
society.
- Recognizes the importance of
individual differences, permitting
each student to progress at his own
speed.
- Child is viewed as an important thing
in the school.
KEY CONCEPTS
IMPLICATIONS TO
EDUCATION
19. 4. Problem- solving is
necessary in the world
of change.
- Emphasizes the importance having
knowledge to solve problems that
may arise in an ever changing world.
- Students are taught how to define
problems, collect data, formulate and
test hypothesis and arrive at
conclusions that will enable them to
find the solutions to those problems.
This is the problem- solving method
made famous by John Dewey.
KEY CONCEPTS
IMPLICATIONS TO
EDUCATION
20. Existentialism
Individuality is the major concern of existentialism. It
fears the people with that are being forced to conform to
the society and are forfeiting their individuality.
21. 1. Individual discover the
inner selves.
2. Education is an
individual process.
- Believes individual discover their
inner selves and have understanding
on themselves
- The school supplies the environment,
the tools, and opportunity for the
discovery.
- Views general education as an
individual rather than group.
- Sets environment that allows
students to learn what they are
interested to learning.
- Permits great variety in it’s method.
KEY CONCEPTS
IMPLICATIONS TO
EDUCATION
22. 3. The curriculum is
centered on the
individual.
4. The teacher acts as
stimulator
- The Socratic method is used it forces
students to probe there minds.
- The existential program offers many
courses in the art, humanities , and
social sciences because there
subject reveals the nature of human
kind.
- The teacher serves as stimulator for
the students.
- Encourages the students to discover
to there own truth by prodding their
moral and intellectual curiosities.
KEY CONCEPTS IMPLICATIONS TO
EDUCATION
23. Naturalism
Naturalism is philosophically opposite to idealism. It
strands for education in accordance with nature. It’s
foundation were laid by Greeks. It s often called
materialistic Philosophy in line with education it
conceives students in maturing in accordance with laws
and growth and development.
24. 1. Education must satisfy
the inborn needs of
individual
2. Education is geared to
the individual growth of
each child.
- It is the role of education to satisfy
the basic needs of man as the
fundamental force within the
individual that seek satisfaction.
- Believes that each child’s follows a
logical pattern of growth
development and that education
must be attuned to this natural
patterns.
- Activities are reflected according to
the developing maturity level to the
individual.
KEY CONCEPTS
IMPLICATIONS TO
EDUCATION
25. 3. Education is not simply
mental in nature.
4. Students educate
themselves.
5. The teacher has an
understanding of the
laws of nature.
- Advocates the education of both mind
and body.
- Encourages the development of moral
character, self-discipline and physical
well-being.
- Education involves self-activity.
- Activities are offered for exploratory
purposes and for development of
natural aesthetic and self-expressions.
- Aware that the nature is responsible for
differences therefore, each child has
distinct learning needs that requires
individual type of learning activities
KEY CONCEPTS
IMPLICATIONS TO
EDUCATION
26. 6. The teacher is a guide
in the process.
- The method of instruction used
is mainly inductive, informal and
permits students to develop
naturally at their own speed and
to their own needs and interest
KEY CONCEPTS IMPLICATIONS TO
EDUCATION
27. Summary
The first philosophers are called Milesians or
Ionians. The five philosophies are realism, idealism,
pragmatism, existentialism, and naturalism. Realism
is concerns with helping the child understand and
accepts demands made upon him, while idealism, the
students must be helped reflect to internal understanding
of ideal experience. Pragmatism, on the other hand,
concerns with reflecting thinking, while existentialism is
more on individual process. Naturalism is philosophically
opposite idealism for education is accordance with the
nature.
