Ricettsial and protozoan diseases of humans are explained detaily

1. RICKETTSIAL AND
PROTOZOAN DISEASES
OF HUMAN
JAYA PRAKASH.S

2. RICKETTSIAL DISEASES
INTRODUCTION
• Rickettsial diseases are a group of infections caused
by Gram negative bacteria of the genus Rickettsia
species.
• Rickettsia species are transmitted by the bite of
infected ticks or mites or fleas.
• Species which cause the rickettsial dieases in the
humans are,
 Rickettsia rickettsii
 Rickettsia prowazakii
 Rickettsia typhi

3. TYPES
• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever(R. rickettsii)
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a bacterial
disease spread through the bite on an infected tick.
It typically begins with a fever and headache, which is
followed a few days later with the development of a rash.
• Epidemic typhus(R. prowazekii)
Epidemic typhus is spread to people through contact
with infected body lice.
It begins with body aches and after two weeks it will
cause severe cough and vomiting.
• Murine typhus(R.thphi)
Murine typhus is spread to people through contact with
infected fleas.
Its symptoms are similar to Epidemic Typhus.

4. Diagnosis
• Biopsy of rashes
• Immunoflourescence assay
• Weil-Felix test
• PCR
Treatments
• Chemotherapy is used for the treatment of Rickettsial
diseases. Therapeutic agents are,
• Tetracyclins
• Chloramphenical
• Ciproflaxacin
• Doxycycline

5. PROTOZOAN DISEASES
• Protozoan diseases are parasitic diseases caused by
organisms formerly classified in the Kingdom Protozoa.
• Protozoan infections in animals may be caused by
organisms in the sub-class Coccidia and species in the
genus Besnoitia.
1.MALARIA
• Malaria is caused by the species plasmodium.
• It is transmitted by the bite of female anopheles
mosquito.
• In humans this parasite attack the liver cells and RBC.

6. • Species cause the disease are
 Plasmodium vivax
 Plasmodium malariae
 Plasmodium falciporum
2.AMOEBIASIS
• Amoebiasis is a disease caused by the
parasite Entamoeba histolytica. In humans it affect in
the gastro-intestinal tract.
• It spreads through intake of the contaminated water.
• Symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea or
bloody diarrhea.
• Drugs used for the treatment are, Metronidazole
and Tinidazole.

7. 3. LEISHMANIASIS
• This disease is spread by the bites of sand flies that
are infected with Leishmania parasite.
• This disease affects the skin, spleen, liver and other
organs.
• Symptoms are include weight loss, fever, liver
enlargement, spleen enlargement and abnormal
blood counts.
• Liposomal amphotericin B used for the treatment.
4. TOXOPLASMOSIS
• Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma species.
• Toxoplasmosis signs and symptoms are flu-like in
nature and include body aches, headache, fatigue,
fever, swollen lymph nodes and sore throat.

8. • Drugs used for the treatment,
Pyrimethamine
Sulfadiazine
Spiramycin
5. BABESIOSIS
• Babesiosis is caused by the Babesia parasite, which is
carried by ticks.
• Common symptoms of babesiosis include fatigue,
nausea, body aches, headache, loss of appetite,
chills, fever and sweats.
• Drugs used for treatment
Clindamycin
Quinine

9. 6. TRYPANOSOMIASIS
• It is also known as African Sleeping sickness.
• A disease caused by infection with the parasite
Trypanosoma brucei.
• These organisms are carried by the tsetse fly and
transmitted to humans via tsetse fly bites.
• Symptoms of African sleeping sickness can include
insomnia, progressive confusion, irritability,
personality changes, weight loss, loss of
concentration, slurred speech and difficulty talking
and walking.
• Pentamidine, Suramin, Melarsoprol and flornithine
are used for the treatment.