Dublin JUG Stateless Microservice Security via JWT, TomEE and MicroProfile

DublinJUG
#DubJug @JLouisMonteiro @tomitribe
Stateless Microservice Security via
JWT, TomEE and MicroProﬁle
Jean-Louis Monteiro
Tomitribe

DublinJUG
Why am I here today?
Microservices architecture case
Security opDons
OAuth2 with JWT
Demo with MP-JWT and TomEE

DublinJUG
Microservices
(SOA with a sexy name)

@dblevins @tomitribe
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TradiDonal system
Component A
Component B
Component CComponent D
System
(Monolithic)

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… and its tradiDonal security

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Challenges with security
• Who is the caller?
• What can he do?
• How to propagate the security context?
“If you can’t build monolith correctly, why do you think putting network in the
middle will help?” - @simonbrown

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Microservices security opDons

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OpDons
• Basic Auth
• OAuth2
• OpenID Connect
• JWT - Facebook / Google way
• HTTP Signatures - Amazon way
• « In-house » soluFons
• And many more …

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“The nice thing about standards is
you have so many to choose from.”
- Andrew S. Tanenbaum

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Baseline Architecture
1000 users
x 3 TPS
4 hops
3000 TPS
frontend
12000 TPS
backend

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Basic Auth
(and its problems)

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Basic Auth Message
POST /painter/color/object HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8443
Authorization: Basic c25vb3B5OnBhc3M=
User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
Accept: */*
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 45
{"color":{"b":255,"g":0,"name":"blue","r":0}}

DublinJUG
Basic Auth
Password Sent
3000 TPS
(HTTP+SSL)
username+password
Base64
(no auth)
3000 TPS
(LDAP)
12000 TPS
(HTTP)

DublinJUG
Basic Auth
Password Sent
3000 TPS
(HTTP+SSL)
username+password
Base64
username+password
Base64
15000 TPS
(LDAP)
Password Sent
12000 TPS
(HTTP)

DublinJUG
Basic Auth - AQacks
Valid
Password Sent
3000 TPS
(HTTP+SSL) No auth
9000 TPS
(LDAP)
12000 TPS
(HTTP)
Invalid
Password Sent
6000 TPS
(HTTP+SSL)

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OAuth 2.0
(and its problems)

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The theory behind it

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Based on tokens

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OAuth 2 - Password Grant
(LDAP)
(Token Store)
POST /oauth2/token
Host: api.superbiz.io
Accept: */*
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 54
grant_type=password&username=snoopy&password=woodstock
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Cache-Control: no-store
Pragma: no-cache
{
"access_token":"2YotnFZFEjr1zCsicMWpAA",
"expires_in":3600,
"refresh_token":"tGzv3JOkF0XG5Qx2TlKWIA",
}
Verify
Password
Generate
Token

DublinJUG
OAuth 2.0 Message
POST /painter/color/object HTTP/1.1
Authorization: Bearer 2YotnFZFEjr1zCsicMWpAA
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 45
{"color":{"r":0,"g":0,"b":255,"name":"blue"}}

DublinJUG
OAuth 2.0 Message
POST /painter/color/palette HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 45
{"color":{"r":0,"g":255,"b":0,"name":"green"}}

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OAuth 2.0 Message
POST /painter/color/select HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 44
{"color":{"r":255,"g":0,"b":0,"name":"red"}}

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OAuth 2.0 Message
POST /painter/color/fill HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 49
{"color":{"r":0,"g":255,"b":255,"name":"yellow"}}

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OAuth 2.0 Message
POST /painter/color/stroke HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 49
{"color":{"r":255,"g":200,"b":255,"name":"orange"}}

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401

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OAuth 2 - Refresh Grant
(LDAP)
(Token Store)
Verify and
Generate
Token
POST /oauth2/token
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 54
grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=tGzv3JOkF0XG5Qx2TlKWIA
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Pragma: no-cache
{
"access_token":"6Fe4jd7TmdE5yW2q0y6W2w",
"expires_in":3600,
"refresh_token":"hyT5rw1QNh5Ttg2hdtR54e",
}

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Old pair
• Access Token 2YotnFZFEjr1zCsicMWpAA
• Refresh Token tGzv3JOkF0XG5Qx2TlKWIA
New pair
• Access Token 6Fe4jd7TmdE5yW2q0y6W2w
• Refresh Token hyT5rw1QNh5Ttg2hdtR54e

DublinJUG
OAuth 2.0 Message
POST /painter/color/palette HTTP/1.1
Authorization: Bearer 6Fe4jd7TmdE5yW2q0y6W2w
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 46
{"color":{"r":0,"g":255,"b":0,"name":"green"}}

DublinJUG
OAuth 2.0 Message
POST /painter/color/select HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 44
{"color":{"r":255,"g":0,"b":0,"name":"red"}}

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OAuth 2.0 Message
POST /painter/color/fill HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 49
{"color":{"r":0,"g":255,"b":255,"name":"yellow"}}

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What have we achieved?
• Avoid high rate username + password transit on wire
• Replaced by a blind « token » referencing a state on the server
side
• Generate many « short live » passwords stored on devices
• Create a new …. HTTP Session architecture

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New terms, really?
• Password Grant?
• Logging in
• Token?
• Slightly less crappy password
• Equally crappy HTTP Session ID

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OAuth 2
Tokens Sent
3000 TPS
(HTTP+SSL)
No auth
3000 TPS
(token checks)
Password Sent
1000/daily
(HTTP+SSL)
OAuth 2
(LDAP)
4 hops
12000 TPS
backend

DublinJUG
OAuth 2
Tokens Sent
3000 TPS
(HTTP+SSL)
3000 TPS
(token checks)
Password Sent
1000/daily
(HTTP+SSL)
OAuth 2
(LDAP)
12000 TPS
(token checks)
backend

DublinJUG
OAuth 2
Tokens Sent
3000 TPS
(HTTP+SSL)
0 TPS
(token checks)
Password Sent
1000/daily
(HTTP+SSL)
OAuth 2
(LDAP)
0 TPS
(token checks)
0 hops
0 TPS
backend

DublinJUG
OAuth 2.0
+
JSON Web Tokens (JWT)

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JSON Web Token
• Pronounced “JOT” (No idea why :-) )
• SAML like but less verbose
• Fancy JSON map
• Base64 URL Encoded
• Digitally Signed (RSA-SHA256, HMAC-SHA512, etc)
• Possibly encrypted
• Built-in expiraFon

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Access Token Previously
• 6Fe4jd7TmdE5yW2q0y6W2w

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Access Token Now
• eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ0b2tlbi
10eXBlIjoiYWNjZXNzLXRva2VuIiwidXNlcm5hbWUiOiJzb
m9vcHkiLCJhbmltYWwiOiJiZWFnbGUiLCJpc3MiOiJodHRw
czovL2RlbW8uc3VwZXJiaXouY29tL29hdXRoMi90b2tlbiI
sInNjb3BlcyI6WyJ0d2l0dGVyIiwibWFucy1iZXN0LWZyaW
VuZCJdLCJleHAiOjE0NzQyODA5NjMsImlhdCI6MTQ3NDI3O
TE2MywianRpIjoiNjY4ODFiMDY4YjI0OWFkOSJ9.DTfSdMz
IIsC0j8z3icRdYO1GaMGl6j1I_2DBjiiHW9vmDz8OAw8Jh8
DpO32fv0vICc0hb4F0QCD3KQnv8GVM73kSYaOEUwlW0k1Ta
Elxc43_Ocxm1F5IUNZvzlLJ_ksFXGDL_cuadhVDaiqmhct0
98ocefuv08TdzRxqYoEqYNo

DublinJUG
Access Token Now
• { "alg": “RS256", "typ": “JWT" }
• {
"token-type": "access-token",
"username": "snoopy",
"animal": "beagle",
"iss": "https://demo.superbiz.com/oauth2/token",
"scopes": [
“twitter”, "mans-best-friend"
],
"exp": 1474280963,
"iat": 1474279163,
"jti": "66881b068b249ad9"
}
• DTfSdMzIIsC0j8z3icRdYO1GaMGl6j1I_2DBjiiHW9vmDz8OAw8Jh8DpO32fv0vICc0hb4F0QCD3
KQnv8GVM73kSYaOEUwlW0k1TaElxc43_Ocxm1F5IUNZvzlLJ_ksFXGDL_cuadhVDaiqmhct098oc
efuv08TdzRxqYoEqYNo

DublinJUG
Access Token Now
• Header (JSON > Base64 URL Encoded)
• Describes how the token signature can be checked
• Payload (JSON > Base64 URL Encoded)
• Basically a map of whatever you want to put in it
• Some standard entries (called claims) such as expiraFon
• Signature (Binary > Base64 URL Encoded
• The actual digital signature
• Made exclusively by the /oauth2/token endpoint
• If RSA, can be checked by anyone

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Subtle But High Impact
Architectural Change

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What we had
(quick recap)

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Results
Client Holds Pointer Server Holds State

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What we can do now
(Hello JWT!)

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(LDAP)
Pull User Info
From IDP

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(LDAP)
Format the data
as JSON

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(LDAP)
RSA-SHA 256
sign JSON private

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(LDAP)
Insert only
pointer
into DB
(for revoca@on)

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(LDAP)
Send Access Token (state)
to client

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Client Holds State Server Holds Pointer
Desired
Results

DublinJUG

DublinJUG
OAuth 2 - Password Grant
(LDAP)
(Token ID Store)
POST /oauth2/token
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 54
grant_type=password&username=snoopy&password=woodstock
Verify
Password
Generate
Signed
Token
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Pragma: no-cache
{
"access_token":"eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.
eyJ0b2tlbi10eXBlIjoiYWNjZXNzLXRva2VuIiwidXNlcm5hb
WUiOiJzbm9vcHkiLCJhbmltYWwiOiJiZWFnbGUiLCJpc3M
iOiJodHRwczovL2RlbW8uc3VwZXJiaXouY29tL29hdXRoM
i90b2tlbiIsInNjb3BlcyI6WyJ0d2l0dGVyIiwibWFucy1iZXN0
LWZyaWVuZCJdLCJleHAiOjE0NzQyODA5NjMsImlhdCI6M
TQ3NDI3OTE2MywianRpIjoiNjY4ODFiMDY4YjI0OWFkOSJ
9.DTfSdMzIIsC0j8z3icRdYO1GaMGl6j1I_2DBjiiHW9vmDz8
OAw8Jh8DpO32fv0vICc0hb4F0QCD3KQnv8GVM73kSYaO
EUwlW0k1TaElxc43_Ocxm1F5IUNZvzlLJ_ksFXGDL_cuadh
VDaiqmhct098ocefuv08TdzRxqYoEqYNo",
"expires_in":3600,
"refresh_token":"eyJhbGctGzv3JOkF0XG5Qx2TlKWIAkF0X.
eyJ0b2tlbi10eXBlIjoiYWNjZXNzLXRva2VuIiwidXNlcm5hb
WUiOiJzbm9vcHkiLCJhbmltYWwiOiJiZWFnbGUiLCJpc3M
iOiJodHRwczovL",
}

DublinJUG
OAuth 2.0 Message with JWT
POST /painter/color/palene HTTP/1.1 
Host: api.superbiz.io 
AuthorizaDon: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ0b2tlbi10eXBlIjoiYWNjZXNzLXR
va2VuIiwidXNlcm5hbWUiOiJzbm9vcHkiLCJhbmltYWwiOiJiZWFnbGUiLCJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2RlbW8uc3VwZXJ
iaXouY29tL29hdXRoMi90b2tlbiIsInNjb3BlcyI6WyJ0d2l0dGVyIiwibWFucy1iZXN0LWZyaWVuZCJdLCJleHAiOjE0NzQy
ODA5NjMsImlhdCI6MTQ3NDI3OTE2MywianRpIjoiNjY4ODFiMDY4YjI0OWFkOSJ9.DTfSdMzIIsC0j8z3icRdYO1GaMGl
6j1I_2DBjiiHW9vmDz8OAw8Jh8DpO32fv0vICc0hb4F0QCD3KQnv8GVM73kSYaOEUwlW0k1TaElxc43_Ocxm1F5IUNZ
vzlLJ_ksFXGDL_cuadhVDaiqmhct098ocefuv08TdzRxqYoEqYNo
User-Agent: curl/7.43.0 
Accept: */* 
Content-Type: applicaFon/json 
Content-Length: 46 
 
{"color":{"b":0,"g":255,"r":0,"name":"green"}}

DublinJUG
OAuth 2 + JWT
Tokens Sent
3000 TPS
(HTTP+SSL)
0.27 TPS
(refresh token checks)
Password Sent
1000/daily
(HTTP+SSL)
OAuth 2
(LDAP)
4 hops
12000 TPS
backend
3000 TPS
(signature veriﬁcaFon)
12000 TPS
(signature veriﬁcaFon)(private key)
(public key)

DublinJUG
OAuth 2 + JWT
Valid
Tokens Sent
3000 TPS
(HTTP+SSL)
0.27 TPS
(refresh token checks)
Password Sent
1000/daily
(HTTP+SSL)
(LDAP)
4 hops
12000 TPS
backend
9000 TPS
12000 TPS
Invalid
Tokens Sent
6000 TPS
(HTTP+SSL)
(private key)
(public key)

DublinJUG
#RESTSecurity @dblevins @tomitribe#DubJug @JLouisMonteiro @tomitribe
Microproﬁle

DublinJUG
What is it?
• hnps://microproﬁle.io/
• Enterprise Java for Microservices
• Open Source
• Hosted at Eclipse FoundaFon
• IniFal version 1.0 focused on CDI, JAX-RS and JSON-P

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Where are we at?
• Currently at version 2.2
• ConﬁguraFon, Fault Tolerance, JWT, Health Checks, Metrics,
Open Tracing, Open API and REST Client
• 3 to 4 releases per year

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Who is involved?

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Why?
• Increasing number of speciﬁcaFons in Java EE
• Need for a smaller subset to build micro services
• Need for quick changes (Fme to market)

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What implementaDons?

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Microprofile JWT
• Most current version 1.1
• Role Based Access Control
• Very lightweight and interoperable way to propagate idenFFes
• Keys (JWKS)
• Standard configuraFon (Microprofile Config)

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Goals
• Extract and verify the token
• IdenFfy the caller
• Enforce authorizaFon policies

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#RESTSecurity @dblevins @tomitribe#DubJug @JLouisMonteiro @tomitribe
Demo

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Thank You!
https://tribestream.io/
http://tribestream.io
http://tomitribe.io
http://microproﬁle.io

Dublin JUG Stateless Microservice Security via JWT, TomEE and MicroProfile

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