american commonwealth

1. AMERICAN COMMONWEALTH
IN THE PHILIPPINES

2. KEY POINTS
The Philippine Commissions (Schurman & Taft Commissions)
Establishments of American Civil Government.
Philippine Bill of 1902
The Jones Law of 1916
Developments Under the American (Education, Economic,
Religious, Negative Consequences).
Transition to Independence (Commonwealth Regime)

3. The Philippine Commissions
(Schurman & Taft Comissions)

4. The Philippine Commission was the name of two bodies, both appointed by the
president of the United States, to assist with governing the Philippines.
And the first Philippine Commission, also known as the Schurman Commission, On
January 20, 1899, President William McKinley named the first Philippine
Commission, also referred to as the Schurman Commission, as a recommending
body.
The president appointed the Taft Commission, also known as the Second Philippine
Commission, to carry out limited executive and legislative functions in the
Philippines. Under his executive authority, President McKinley first appointed it in
1900.

5. The Schurman
Commission
President Mckinley sent the 1st
commission to the Philippines headed by
Dr. Jacob Schurman.
Jacob Schurman
He said that the philippines was not yet
ready for independence.
Its purpose is to negotiate with the
Filipinos, investigate the state of the
country, and recommend a government
suitable for the country.

6. The Schurman
Commission
Created January 20, 1899
Jacob Schurman
George Dewey
Charles H. Denby
Elwell S. Otis
Dean C. Worcester
Members:
Also known as the First Philippine
Commission

7. George Dewey
They are the members of a
Schurman Commissions:
Charles Harvey Denby Elwell Stephen Otis Dean Conant Worcester

8. SCHURMAN COMMISSION

9. The Taft Commission
Its purpose is to develop the livelihood of
the Filipinos and the organization of the
country's civil service.
President Mckinley sent the 2nd
commission to the Philippines headed
by William Howard Taft.
William Howard Taft
It recommended to the president the
establishment of a civil government in
Philippines belonging to Filipinos.

10. The Taft Commission
Created on March 16, 1900.
Also known as the Second Philippine
Commission.
William Howard Taft
Members:
Luke E. Wright
Henry C. Ide
Dean C. Worcester
Bernard C. Moses

11. The members of
Taft Commissions
Luke E. Wright Henry C. Ide Dean C. Worcester Bernard C. Moses

12. Elihu Root
He is the secretary of war who drafted
the instruction and the brilliant lawyer
who became US Secretary of War and
Secretary of State between 1901 and
1909.

13. Establishments of American
Civil Government
On March 3, 1901 the US Congress passed the
Army Appropriation Act containing the Spooner
Amendment.
Until then, the President had been administering
the Philippines by virtue of his war powers.
On July 1, 1901, civil government was inaugurated,
with Taft as the Civil Governor.

14. A highly- centralized public school
system was installed in 1901, using
English as the medium of instruction.
·Free primary instruction to train the
people for the duties of citizenship and
avocation was enforced by the Taft
Commission, according to instructions
by McKinley.

15. Philippine Bill of 1902

16. A basic law for the insular Government that was enacted by the
United States Congress on July 1, 1902. It is also known as the
Philippine Bill of 1902 and the Cooper Act, after its author Henry
A. Cooper. The passage of the act corresponded with the official
end of the Philippine American War, The measure suggested the
construction and administration of a civil government in the
Philippines. On July 2, Theodore Roosevelt became the first to
sign it into law. 1902.

17. Among the key provisions of the Philippine Bill
of 1902 were:
A bill of right for the Filipinos
The appointment of two Filipino resident commissioners to represent the
Philippines in the U.S. Congress, but without voting rights.
Conservation of the country's natural resources for the Filipinos.
Executive power would be exercised by the Civil Governor who would have
several executive departments under him such as Interior, Public Information,
Finance and Justice, and Commerce and Police.
The establishment of a Philippine Assembly to be elected by the Filipinos two years
after the publication of a census and only after peace has been completely restored
in the country. The Philippine Assembly would be the lower house of the
legislature while the Philippine Commission would be the upper house.

18. Henry E. Cooper
Was Born September 8, 1850
He sponsored the Philippine
Bill of 1902 also known as the
Cooper Act.
President Theodore Roosevelt
signed in into Law in July 2,
1902
He`s a Lawyer

19. The Jones Law of 1916

20. The Philippine Autonomy Act, also known as the Jones Law,
was passed by the United States congress in 1916. The law
which served as the new organic act for constitution) for the
Philippines declared in its preamble that American policy
would ultimately support Philippine independence, pending
the setup of a strong administration. The law established a
bicameral Philippine Legislature to replace the elected
Philippine Assembly and gave executive authority to the
Governor General of the Philippines, who is appointed by the
President of the United States (lower house)

21. Woodrow Wilson
Was signed by President
Woodrow Wilson on August 29,
1916.

22. William Atkinson Jones
Sponsored by U.S representative
Mr. William Atkinson Jones of
Virginia
The purpose of the us in
conquering the philippines is to
grant being an independence as
soon as having a stable government.

23. It is also known as the Philippines Autonomy act.
The law was enacted by the 64th United States
Congress on August 29, 1916, and contained the
first formal and official declaration of the United
States federal government's commitment to grant
independence to the Philippines.
The Jones Act brought the legislative branch under
Filipino control.

24. Create two houses: The house of Representatives
(lower house) and the Philippine Senate ( upper
house) .
Judicial power: Chief justice ( Filipino) and associate
justices (Filipino and the American)
Appointed by President of the United States
It was formally inaugurated on October 16, 1916.

25. Sergio Osmeña was elected Speaker of the House
of Representatives
Manuel L. Quezon became president of the Senate.
The Jones Act remained the basic legislation for
the administration of the Philippines until the
United States Congress passed new legislation in
1934 which became effective in 1935, establishing
the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

26. Developments Under the
Americans:
Education
Economic
Religious
Negative Consequences

27. Education
Developments Under the Americans

28. Under the Americans, English was not only taught to every
Filipino school child but was adopted as the medium of
instruction in all public schools.
This was provided by Act No.74 of the Philippine Commission,
the same act which established the American public school
system.
American education is brought to the Philippines through
immigrants and by Filipinos who were educated there.
The American teachers had to start virtually from scratch,
since years of warfare had nearly eliminated any trace of
Spanish educational efforts.

29. Siliman University (1901)
Philippine Normal School (1901)
Philippine Women's University (1919)
Centro Escolar University
(1907)
Education

30. Economy
Developments Under the American

31. The first official census conducted by the Spanish
government in 1877 put the population of the Philippines at
7.5 million Filipinos.
Five years after the transfer of control from Spain, the census
of 1903 undertaken by the American administration counted
17.1 million Filipinos.
Around the beginning of American pacification of the
country, there were 196 kilometers of railroads in place; by
1938, 1,353 kms.
The enrollment in public schools that already numbered
227,600 in 1903 had expanded to 1.496 million enrollees by
1938.
Some development metrics:

32. Colonial developments under American rule:
During more than four decades of American colonial administration,
the Philippines experienced a long period of relatively uninterrupted
economic growth and social development.
American government policy was to increase the Filipinos' capacity for
self-government from the beginning, whether it was for the welfare of
the Filipinos, to glorify itself as a model colonial administrator or as a
forerunner of the American expansionist creed as applied to its new
Pacific dominion in the Asian continent and the so-called Monroe
Doctrine.
Pacification was to permanently put an end to the revolutionary
republic that was waging a war of independence.

33. They set up essential public infrastructures: roads, bridges, ports,
irrigation, water systems for public health.
They hired local officials and induced local governments to
perform their duties through directives from central bureaus run
by American administrators.
They hired capable locals in the central bureaus to help the
colonial administrators.
They improved public health through the eradication of disease
and the improvement of public sanitation: waterworks, health
centers, and education.
Infrastructures: public works and health systems:

34. Access to free public education was one of the earliest
priorities, along with the improvement of local government
administration.
The improvement of educational facilities was a high priority.
The early focus was to make available public education for
children of school age.
The educational program required public works for new
schools spread around the regions.
The Philippine Normal College was set up and support for
regional normal teacher training was actively undertaken.
By 1908, the University of the Philippines was also created.
Public education:

35. Among the first acts of occupation was to set up a system of
pensionados to develop the human capital for the government
bureaucracy.
Selected Filipino public officials and promising graduates were sent to
the United States to gain specific work skills.
Initially, the principal bureaucracies were led by American public
servants.
The educational program required public works for new schools
spread around the regions.
In time, succession led to Filipinos taking over important posts in the
government bureaucracy.
The government Bureaucracy:

36. As soon as American political power was established in the country,
business opportunities opened for American capital. They joined those
who were already doing business in the country. Commerce,
transportation, construction, and other activities in economic sectors were
actively explored.
Commercial opportunities opened up businesses in trading, both in
imports of American goods and the expansion of domestic industries that
had prospects in the American market.
The Philippine economy became part of the larger American market.
Such integration enlarged its potentials for investment opportunities.
Investments in construction, local transport, and utilities were natural
activities to be pursued.
Economic and commercial expansion:

37. American investors found opportunities in the trading activities in industries
that were already established and those that are prospectively profitable and in
those industries that exported to their home market.
The expansion of sugar products, coconut products such as coconut oil and
copra, and abaca products almost immediately became rapid and threatened
to pose competition for agricultural and industrial interests in the American
market.
As the trading relationships enlarged, threatened American interests
succeeded in getting their government to impose quantitative quotas and other
forms of trade controls that would limit the expansion of Philippine exports of
sugar and on coconut oil imports.
Such problems led to a system of quantitative quotas and special types of trade
taxation that were unique in defining some of the difficult trade issues between
colony and colonial master.

38. Religion
Developments Under the American

39. When the United States took over the Philippines in the first half of the
century, the justifications for colonizing were to Christianize and
democratize.
Most of the teachers who went to the Philippines were Protestants,
many were even Protestant ministers.
Subsequently the balance has shifted to reflect much stronger influence
by the Catholic majority.
Most of those who follow these cults are the poor, dispossessed, and
dislocated and feel alienated from the Catholic church.
The current challenge to the supremacy of the Catholic church comes
from a variety of small sects – from the fundamentalist Christian groups,
such as Jehovah's Witnesses and Seventh Day Adventists, to the lglesia ni
Kristo and Rizalists.

40. Religious Development
Gregorio Aglipay Cruz Y.
Labayán Aglipayan Church

41. Felix Manalo
Iglesia ni Kristo Church

42. Rizalist
Protestants

43. Negative Consequences
Developments Under the American

44. The Negative effects under the American Development, a bloody
war, the Philippine-American War, arose as a result of Filipino
revolt against American rule.
The Philippines was left without a strong leader and suffered
economically.
The American colonial administration virtually obliterated native
ideas, customs and traditions, and even the national cultural
identity of the Filipinos.
Some, however, stand out, most notably the installation of an
American-style democracy and the prevalent attitude that
anything American is "good"

45. Many of those in lowland Philippines, and most of the
Christian population, for that matter, grew up in an increasing
Americanized society.
Filipinos are naturally imitative and can out-Spanish or our-
American a Spaniard or an American.
Thus, may Filipinos take pride in describing Philippines as the
only Christian country in the Orient and the most westernized
country in the Orient.
Philippines became dependent exclusively on the United
States to continue prosper economically.

46. (Commonwealth Regime)
Transition to Independence

47. With the founding of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines on November 15, 1935, the Filipino
people made their penultimate step toward
independence.
The Philippine Independence Act, also known as
the Tydings-McDuffie Act, which established a ten-
year transition period for the country's
independence from the United States, was
negotiated in 1934.

48. Tydings-McDuffie Act, also called Philippine
Commonwealth and Independence Act, (1934)

49. Franklin D. Roosevelt
Was born on January 30, 1882.
He is the 32nd President of United
States(1933-45).
He was the only President elected to
the office four times.
He was educated privately at home
until age 14.
He attended Harvard University and
Columbia Law School.

50. The USAFFE, which was made up of American and Filipino forces,
repelled the Japanese war machine that overthrew the colonial
governments of the French, British, and Dutch in the area.
On April 23, 1946, Manuel Roxas and Elpidio Quirino were chosen
as the nation's first president and vice president by the First
Congress of the Philippines
Field Marshal Douglas MacArthur led the Allied forces thatlanded
on the island of Leyte on October 20, 1944, to launch the liberation
effort in the Philippines.

51. -WILLIAM MCKINLEY
"The Philippines are ours not to
exploit, but to develop, civilize,
educate, and to train in the
science of self-government"

52. Alladin, Johanna F.
REGANDA
Group Member:
Canapit, Yazmine G. Castro, Catrina D. Liclican, Charles
Onte, Daniel CD A. Ramos, Genevieve A. Rediang, Charlotte
Mico
Sidol, Ronald Jr.

53. REFERENCES
Wikipedia. (2021). Philippine Commission from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Commission
Solis, J. (2022). Schurman Commission from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schurman_Commission
Wikipedia. (2022). Taft Commission from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taft_Commission
GOV PH. Official Gazette. (1916). The Jones Law of 1916 from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-
jones-law-of-1916/
August Historical Events. (1916). Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 from
https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/549/today-in-philippine-history- august-29-1916-the-
philippine-autonomy-act-of-1916-was-approved
Mendoza, R. (1983). Religion and Secularizarion in the Philippines and in other Asian countries from
https://www2.kokugakuin.ac.jp/ijcc/wp/cimac/mendoza.html
Asian Society. (2022). Religion in the Philippines from https://asiasociety.org/education/religion-
philippines

54. Dolan, R. (2013-2017). The Jones Act from http://countrystudies.us/philippines/18.htm
Shirley, S. (2004). Guided By God: The Legacy of the Catholic Church in Philippine Politics from
https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/faq/catholicism-philippines.
On Secret Hunt. (2012-2022). How Did the Colonization Affect the Philippines from
https://www.onsecrethunt.com/how-did-the-colonization-affect-the-
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Educheer.com. (2022). Effects Of American Colonization In The Philippines from
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advices.com/what-do-you-think-are-the-effects-of-colonization-in- the-philippines/
Wikipedia. (2022). Commonwealth of the Philippines from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines
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55. THANK YOU
for listening.