The forming–storming–norming–performing model of group development was first proposed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965, who mentioned that these phases are all necessary and inevitable in order for the team to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, to plan work, and to deliver results. This model has become the basis for subsequent models.

1. Tuckman’s Group Development
(Summary & Strategy)

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You cant always have the best team
It’s always a compromise
Alain Prost

3. 3
Unclear on tasks Resistant to instructions Developing cohesion Members are interdependent Goals accomplished
No trust yet Internal conflicts occur Trust builds High trust Efforts are recognized
Making connections with other
members
Competition among members Commitment from all members Leverage on each other’s
strengths and weaknesses
Awards given to appreciate the
group
Not committed to the group Personal attacks More motivated Highly motivated Proud of achievements
Guidance is needed Aggressive attitude towards
fellow members
Openly debates and discuss on
matters
Supportive of each other when
help is required
Closing of the group
Passive attitude members Boundaries are set Feedback is well received Protects each other Members disengage from group
Avoids conflict Leadership is challenged Leader reinforces the team Decisions can be made without
supervision
Sad to part away
Willing to learn Little to none team spirit Relationships begin to form Very efficient group Nervous of joining new group
and roles
Orientation is required Members feel uneasy Focus is high to reach goals Goal oriented Sense of loss
Polite and distant to each other Flaws and weaknesses are
raised
Mutual agreement on resolving
tasks
Group takes pleasure in success
of the team
Work productivity drops
Tuckman’s Group Development
(Summary)

4. 4
Tuckman’s Group Development
(Strategy)
Take lead Encourage leadership Provide constructive feedbacks Minimal intervention Keep contacts
Make contacts Have patience and tolerance Recognize members efforts Feel proud on achievements Provide smooth transition
Obtain instructions and
expectations
Be supportive towards each
other
Keep constant communication
and support
Acknowledge each other’s
efforts and contribution
Understand why changes
happen
Understand missions and goals Listen to each other’s opinions Self-evaluate on performances Reflect on the journey Don’t resist changes
Establish roles and
responsibilities
Understand each other’s
strengths and weaknesses
Share responsibility and
leadership role
Celebrate on reaching
milestones
Be acceptive and grateful of
changes
Build trust Be generous to new ideas Provide learning opportunity Don’t leave anyone behind Look forward to new
experiences
Get to know each other Focus into objectives and goals Commit to the group Don’t hold grudges Learn from previous mistakes
Quick response Set ego aside Leverage on members’
strengths
Forgive and forget Welcome new group and roles
Proactive attitude Normalize Cover members’ weaknesses Be thankful to everyone Let go of attachments
Leaders be a role model Leaders should monitor and
control within capability
Delegate based on talents and
skills
Provide opportunities for
learning across groups
Remain enthusiasm and
positive attitude

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If you strive for EXCELLENCE
SUCCESS will follow
Shreya Ghoshal

6. 6References
01
02
03
04
05
Tuckman, Bruce W. (1965), 'Developmental Sequence in Small Groups,'
Psychological Bulletin, Volume 63, June 1965
06
Tuckman, Bruce W. and Jensen, M.A.C. (1977) 'Stages of Small-Group
Development Revisited,' Group Organization Management, Volume 2,
Number 4, December 1977.
MIT Human Resource Web. Received from http://hrweb.mit.edu/learning-
development/learning-topics/teams/articles/stages-development
The Teambuilding Company. Received from
http://www.teambuilding.co.uk/Forming-Storming-Norming-Performing.html
Aurora (2013). Received from Bruce Tuckman's Team Development
Model
Culture At Work. Received from Bruce Tuckman's Forming, Storming,
Norming and Performing Team Development Model

7. 7References
07
The Happy Manager. Received from http://www.the-happy-
manager.com/articles/teamwork-theory/
08
Free Management Ebooks. Received from http://www.free-management-
ebooks.com/faqld/development-02.htm
09
Business Balls. Received from
http://www.businessballs.com/tuckmanformingstormingnormingperforming.htm
10
Wikipedia. Received from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuckman%27s_stages_of_group_development
11
Mind Tools. Received from
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_86.htm
12
Chimaera Consulting. Received from
http://www.chimaeraconsulting.com/tuckman.htm