safty and introduction to automotive engineering

1. CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION TO
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
AND SAFETY MARCH, 2023, AHMED AB.
MENG- 3212

2. Introduction of Automobile Engineering
1.1. Definition of Automobile engineering
Automobile engineering is a branch study of engineering which
teaches manufacturing, designing, mechanical mechanisms as well
as operations of automobiles. It is an introduction to vehicle
engineering which deals with motorcycles, cars, buses, trucks, etc. It
includes branch study of mechanical, electronic, software and safety
elements.
An Automobile is a self propelled vehicle which contains the power
source for its propulsion and is used for carrying passengers and

3. Introduction of Automobile Engineering
1.2. Types of Automobile;
The automobiles are classified by the following ways,
1. On the Basis of Load:
• Heavy transport vehicle (HTV) or heavy motor vehicle (HMV),
• Light transport vehicle (LTV), Light motor vehicle (LMV),

4. Introduction of Automobile Engineering
2. On the Basis of Wheels :
• Two wheeler vehicle, for example: Scooter, motorcycle,
scooty, etc.
• Three wheeler vehicle, for example : Auto rickshaw,
• Three wheeler scooter for handicaps and tempo, etc.
• Four wheeler vehicle, for example: Car, jeep, trucks, buses,
etc.
• Six wheeler vehicle, for example: Big trucks with two gear
axles.

5. Introduction of Automobile Engineering
3. On the basis of Fuel Used:
• Petrol vehicle, e.g. motorcycle, scooter, cars, etc.
• Diesel vehicle, e.g. trucks, buses, etc.
• Electric vehicle which use battery to drive.
• Steam vehicle, e.g. an engine which uses steam
engine.
• Gas vehicle, e.g. LPG and CNG vehicles, where LPG
is liquefied

6. Introduction of Automobile Engineering
4. On the basis of body style:
• Sedan Hatchback car.
• Coupe car Station wagon Convertible.
• Van Special purpose vehicle, e.g. ambulance, milk van, etc

7. Introduction of Automobile Engineering
5. On the basis of Transmission:
• Conventional vehicles with manual transmission, e.g. car with 5
gears.
• Semi-automatic
• Automatic: In automatic transmission, gears are not required to
be
changed manually.
6. On the basis of Drive:
• Left hand drive

8. Introduction of Automobile Engineering
7. On the basis of Driving Axle
• Front wheel drive
• Rear wheel drive
• All wheel drive
8. Position of Engine:
• Engine in Front - Most of the vehicles have engine in the front.
Example : most of the cars,
• Engine in the Rear Side Very few vehicles have engine located in
the rear. Example : Nano car.

9. Introduction of Automobile Engineering
1.3. Vehicle construction and Components;
The main components of an automobile refer to the following components;
• Frame,
• Chassis,
• Body,
• Power unit,
• Transmission system.

10. Introduction of Automobile Engineering

11. Introduction of Automobile Engineering
An automobile is made up of mainly two units, these are Chassis and Body.
FRAME + BASE COMPONENTS = CHASSIS
CHASSIS + BODY = ―VEHICLE
FRAME :
The frame is the skeleton of the vehicle. It servers as a main
foundation and base for alignment for the chassis.
Types;
• Conventional frame,
• Semi integral frame;
• Integral or untidiest frame.

12. Introduction of Automobile Engineering
Chassis;
If the frame contains the base components its called as chassis.
The components are like Engine, radiator, clutch, gearbox, silencer,
road wheels, fuel tank, wirings, differential units, etc..,
Body:
Body is the superstructure of the vehicle and it is bolted to the
chasis.

13. Introduction of Automobile Engineering
TYPES;
• CAR,
• TRUCK,
• TRACTOR,
• DELIVERY VAN,JEEP,
• BUS, ETC..,

14. Introduction of Automobile Engineering

15. 1.4. Automotive Safety
Being an automotive mechanic can be fun, exciting and a
rewarding career. Repair shop owners and their staff need
to ensure that proper safety precautions and rules are
implemented and followed at all times.
There are hazards around the workshop which staff are
continuously exposed to such as dangerous chemicals and
equipment, that could cause significant impact on their
health.

16. General safety standards and processes
encourage repair shop owners to take
appropriate automotive safety precautions.
Workplace safety for automotive repair shop
workers is regulated continuously to ensure
workers’ safety at all times. Practicing all the
safety measures listed in this article would
prevent workers and customers from any
accidents or injuries.
Whether you are a mechanic or a customer,
here is a list of general safety tips for an auto

17. CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS IN THE WORKSHOP
It is your responsibility to work safely to protect yourself
from injuries and any other accidents. You must exercise
positive efforts to do this both for your own sake, and for
the sake of your family, your colleagues, and your
company.
Accidents can be caused by human factors, physical
factors, or a combination of both.

18. CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS IN THE WORKSHOP
Accidents can be caused by human factors,
physical factors, or a combination of both.
Accidents due to human factors:
Accidents that are caused by improper use of a
machine or tool, by wearing inappropriate clothes,
carelessness of the technician, etc.

19. CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS IN THE WORKSHOP
Accidents due to physical factors:
Those resulting from a malfunction of a machine
or tool, lack of integrity of a safety device or poor
working environment.
Therefore, you must make it a routine practice to
correct hazardous elements in your work place to
prevent accidents.

20. WORK CLOTHES - WHAT TO WEAR FOR SAFETY IN
WORK
(PS)
Workwear
Select work wear, which is strong and fits well
for ease in work. Avoid work wear with exposed
belts, buckles and buttons, which can cause
damage to vehicles during work.
Have a clean work wear when at work, as oil
and dirt on your clothing will spoil customers'

21. WORK CLOTHES - WHAT TO WEAR FOR SAFETY IN
WORK
(PS)
Work shoes
Choose proper footwear for working. It is dangerous to wear
sandals or any other type of footwear that slips easily.
It is recommended to use with non-slip soles and hardened
toecaps.

22. WORK CLOTHES - WHAT TO WEAR FOR SAFETY IN
WORK
(PS)
When lifting heavy items or removing hot exhaust pipes or similar
objects, it is advisable to wear gloves, but it is not necessary to make
a rule of wearing them for ordinary maintenance work.
In particular, during drilling and grinding and while working inside
the engine compartment when the engine is running, there is a
danger of gloves being caught, so they should not be worn in such
cases.

23. SAFE AND TIDY WORK-WORKSHOP RULES
(WS)
IN THE WORKSHOP
• Always keep the place where you work clean. when a job is
finished, everything should be replaced neatly in order
• Keep your work area clean, and wastes should be disposed.
• The repair shop for engine, transmission and alignment units,
etc., should be kept clean at all times.
• Vehicles for repair must be properly parked. Do not park them in
such a way that they will block traffic in the shop.

24. SAFE AND TIDY WORK-WORKSHOP RULES
(WS)
• Do not leave things, even temporarily, in passageways
or entrances and exits where they may obstruct people
or cars going in and out.
• Do not leave tools and parts on the floor where you, or
any one else, might trip over them. Make a habit of
putting them on a workbench or work stand.
• Clean up any spilled fuel, oil or grease immediately to
prevent yourself or others from slipping on the floor.

25. USE OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
(WS)
• Electrical, hydraulic and compressed air equipment can
cause serious injury if incorrectly used.
• Dust and chips should be removed from machinery and
equipment such as grinders and drilling tools after use to
keep them clean.

26. USE OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
(WS)
• Tools should be cleaned after finishing a job,
checked item by item, and stored in the tool box.
• Remove dirt and oil from special service tools
(SST), testers, gages etc., and put them away
neatly in the correct places.

27. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - Safety Precautions
If incorrectly handled, there is the danger that electrical equipment and
machinery will short-circuit and cause a fire, so the following point must be
carefully observed:
• When any irregularities are detected in electrical equipment and
machinery, turn off the switch at once and contact your supervisor.
• In cases of short circuit or accidental fire, turn off the switch first before
taking fire extinguisher measures.
• Do not go near broken electrical wires.
• Report any inadequately installed wiring or electrical equipment to your
supervisor.
• Do not touch electrical equipment and machinery with wet hands, as
there is the danger of electrical shock.

28. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS
• Do not let an electric cord pass through wet or soaked areas.
• As fire starts easily near power switches, motors, and
switchboards, do not place any thing, which is likely to burn or
explode in these areas.
• Never touch switches with labels out of order.
• A blown fuse indicates some sort of electrical trouble, and the
instructor should be informed immediately.
• When removing a plug, do not pull on the plug itself.

29. FIRE PREVENTION- NECESSARY PRECUATIONS
(WS)
• Besides being familiar with the fire alarm system, all workers
should co-operate in putting out fires. To do this, they should
know where the fire extinguishers are located and how to use
them.
• Rags socked with gasoline and oil may sometimes ignite by
spontaneous ignition that they should be disposed of in a metal
container fitted with a cover.
• Do not use an open flame in the vicinity of stored oil and parts-
washing equipment containing flammable liquids.

30. FIRE PREVENTION- NECESSARY PRECUATIONS
(WS)
• Never use open flames or create sparks in the vicinity of
batteries being changed, as they give off explosive gas which
could ignites.
• Never bring fuel or cleaning solvents into the workshop except
when necessary, and use a special container that can be
sealed.
• Do not dispose of combustible waste oils, gasoline, etc., into
sewage as they can cause a fire within the sewage system.
They should always be disposed in a drain tank or an
appropriate container.

31. FIRE PREVENTION- NECESSARY PRECUATIONS
(WS)
• Do not start the engines of vehicles with leaks in the fuel
system until repairs have been completed.
• Also, when making repairs on the fuel system, such as
removing the carburator, disconnect the negative cable from
the battery to prevent the engine from being accidentally
started.
• DO NOT SMOKE except in authorized areas, and be sure to
extinguish cigarettes in an ashtray.

32. TOOLS AND MEASUREMENT
• A variety of tools and measuring instruments are used to service
vehicles. To perform work efficiently and safely, it is important that
you fully understand how they are used and, furthermore you keep
the following in mind.
• Choose the most suitable tools for carrying out the work safely and
sufficiently.
• Reduce the time spent selecting tools for use and facilities itemized
checking, by always keeping them in a fixed place in the toolbox or
tool lack and putting them away in the correct order.

33. TOOLS AND MEASUREMENT
• Protect the vehicle from dirt, and prevent tools from slipping, by
always wiping off any oil and keeping tools clean.
• When handling a tool to another person, hold the handle away
from you to prevent the other person from injuring himself by
taking a hold of the tool's blade etc.
• If a tool becomes blunt, loose or damaged, or its movement
stiff, repair or replace the tools as necessary.

34. 1. HAND TOOLS
Hand tools are used very often throughout work to
loosen and tighten bolts, screws and parts; apply impact
to or mark something for adjustment or replacement etc.
A. wrenches(spannars)

35. FIG. 2. BOX-END WRENCHES
(OFFSET WRENCH)
Fig. 1. Open-end wrenches
(spanners)

36. SOCKET WRENCH SET

37. ADJUSTABLE WRENCH

38. SCREWDRIVERS

39. SHAPE OF THE TIPS

40. A) SLIP-JOINT PLIERS
PLIERS

41. HAMMERS

42. SCRAPER

43. PUNCH MARK AND CENTER PUNCH
Punch mark
Center punch

44. PIN PUNCHES

46. B) NEEDLE-NOSE PLIERS
PLIERS

47. C) CUTTING PLIERS ( NIPPERS )
PLIERS

48. D) LOCKING PLIERS ( VICE-GRIP PLIERS
PLIERS