P3 kurnik

University at Buffalo – State University of New York
American Diversity and Design Discussion Questions
By Joseph Kurnik
ARC 211
Spring 2017

Throughout the semester, I’ve learned about something that, before, never really intrigued me.
Now I can honestly say that wherever I go, I appreciate the design of things, even if some people
think it’s insignificant. I understand why things work now, and sometimes why things don’t. I’ve
learned that design isn’t just a leisure activity, but a necessity of life. Design makes things possible,
and good design makes things even more efficient. The problem with design is that not everyone
knows its importance, but that is why this course meant something to me. Now I realize that there
are certain people who are underrepresented in the design world and this puts restrictions on their
life. I can say that whenever I’m out and about, I look for these things and imagine to myself how
this design can be made better. Now that I’ve passed this course, it’s my turn to try to educate
people and show them the things that I see.
The following pages document my responses to the online discussion questions in the Spring
2017 version of ARC 211 American Diversity and Design at the University at Buffalo – State
University of New York

Photo by me, my dad and I just designed and
built this deck.

http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/photo-gallery-secretly-
measuring-the-internet-fotostrecke-94753.html
Response to “What is Design?” from Hello World
The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying
Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one of the most powerful
and enduring empires I the history of China. She explained
how design innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success.
For example, in the development of weaponry, he resolved
many problems by standardizing parts, and this single
innovation gave his armies great advantage over other
armies.
For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and
into the U.S. Describe an innovation or invention (can be
current or historical) that gave advantage to a group of
people in the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What
were the social impacts of this innovation? Were any groups
negatively impacted by this innovation? For example, the
telegraph, developed and patented in the United States in
1837 by Samuel Morse, permitted people and commerce to
transmit messages across both continents and oceans almost
instantly, with widespread social and economic impacts. This
heightened communication speed allowed business persons
to make decisions with up-to-date information, often
resulting in big profits. Those without access had to rely on
outdated information, which put them at a disadvantage.

The Internet was a global phenomenon in the 1980's and
this invention can speak for itself. From its historical roots
to the present day, the Internet has come a long
way. Almost everything we do in our lives is in some way
related to the use of the Internet. From buying clothing to
online discussions, it has benefited not only the U.S., but
the whole world in many ways. Some of the problems that
arise with the Internet is that not everyone has access to it,
so while people are increasing their productivity every day,
others are stuck using the resources that would be, in ways,
more cost effective and timely, such as using time and gas to
go shopping. Another problem is that the Internet can be
used as a stronghold for sites that provide illegal services
such as file sharing and drug trafficking. These websites are
very secretive and anonymous, but not all are illegal, which
is an important thing to keep in mind1.
1Pappas, Stephanie . "How Big is the Internet, Really?" Live
Science. March 18, 2016. http://www.livescience.com/54094-
how-big-is-the-internet.html.

On “Introduction” from Diversity and Design: Understanding
Hidden Consequences
The editors state that “diverse participation in the design
process, from both professionals and public citizens alike,
yields more equitable results.” This makes sense, but
typically has not been the case. Nonetheless, many
marginalized groups have impacted design in ways that have
changed our visual and physical worlds as well as our
systems, policies, and institutions. For example, in the 1960s,
disability rights advocates designed media events to raise
awareness about barriers in the physical environment. They
persisted with their efforts for decades, and, finally, in 1990,
the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. It mandated
accessibility in public accommodations such as restaurants
and stores, public transportation, communication, and other
areas of public life. This dramatically changed our physical
environment (from curb cuts to ramps to automatic doors)
and the results made public life more equitable.
Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a
diversity group. How and why did it change form and/or
circumstances? (Note that a design can be anything requiring
planning and development prior to the production of an
action, system, visual, material object, or environment. Also,
keep in mind that, for our purposes, a diversity group is a
group of individuals who are underrepresented in society in
some way—children, older adults, the economically
disadvantaged, those with cognitive disabilities, etc.)
http://www.allied-media.com/AM/
The first mosque was built in the U.S. in 1929 and this gave
Muslims a place assemble as a group in a place they call their

own. Since then, it has been stated that over 1,500 mosques
have been built to convey free religious practice in
America1. Many Christian churches were in place long before
the first mosque was built and this is a perfect example of a
diverse group adding another form of religious architecture to
our country. However, Christian churches are far more
populated in our country with estimates of around 350,000.2
1PBS. Accessed May 03, 2017.
http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/islam-in-
america/.
2
Fast Facts about American Religion. Accessed May 03,
2017.
http://hirr.hartsem.edu/research/fastfacts/fast_facts.html#nu
mcong.

Response to Media/Society Chapter and TED Talk on
Photographs
Where would you place the images shown in Photos That
Changed the World into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram
entitled “Model of Media and the Social World”? Identify a
mass media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has
served as an icon of an event. (Feel free to add an
attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the
communication of the event?
http://www.liftable.com/edwardtofil/russian-world-war-ii-
veteran/
The photos that were shown in the video definitely belong to
the "media message or product" category of the model given
by Croteau and Hoynes'. The photographers who have taken
these photos create a story without saying anything to the
viewer. A single picture can have multiple messages for
different people and the photographer can even manipulate
an event with the timing of their picture. When they want to
convey a sad moment to the viewer, they focus on someone
who is crying, or if they want to show a joyful moment, they
focus on someone who is smiling or laughing. For example,
there is a picture of a surviving WWII soldier walking alone in a
parade. The part that induces feelings from us viewers is that
the photo shows the man crying with a caption saying he is
the last member of his battle group. The caption gives us just
enough information of what's going on to create our own
story of how this man is feeling. What if he was joyful for
most of the parade, and only showed a few short moments of
sadness? The photographer wanted to create a product of
sadness to show the strength of brotherhood and loss.

Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design
Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media
or social media. However, the two hats (red and pink)
discussed in the articles certainly have taken on that role.
Why are the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the
articles vehicles of communication design? What meanings
do each of the two hats carry? In terms of communication
design, how are they similar? And how are they different
from one another?
https://www.sitepoint.com/simple-fundamentals-designing-
one-page-sites/
The two hats show that an elaborate design isn't necessarily
needed to convey a message. They both are simple, which is
actually a unique thing to do, since you want people to be able
to recognize what your product is and the meaning behind it
without too much thought. In detail, the red hats are a simple
use to burn an image into someone's head and give a bold
message to anyone who sees it. The pink hats are similar too,
in the sense that their simple design is all that is needed to
show a deeper meaning. Trump wants to simply make
America great again, so he simply put it on a hat, and the
women's march wanted to simply show people how they felt
against Trump's actions, so they made a hat with a simple
design. The main difference between the two hats is that
Trump's hat uses words in his design to convey his message,
which means that you don't really need to know any
background knowledge of the situation to know what the hat
wants to achieve. On the other hand, the pink hat doesn't use

any words to show what the hat wants to achieve therefore
making the design almost an inside joke.

Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The
Incredible Inventions of Intuitive AI" by Maurice Conti
In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian
John Heskett claims that the methods of mass production
introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S. involved new concepts
of the standardization and integration of the production line
that were adopted across the world. With Ford’s method,
work could be completed by relatively unskilled workers; it
was more efficient and with this method, products were
made more quickly and cheaply than previously possible.
What were some of the social consequences of Ford’s
production line? In other words, how did this system change
our U.S. society? Do any of those changes remain with us
today? Now consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the
predictions he makes about production. How do you think
manufacturing processes will change in the next twenty
years? How do you think these changes will affect our U.S.
society?
https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/222171-swarm-
intelligence-could-level-the-playing-field-between-man-and-
machine
Ford's production line has some positive consequences and
they are related to the people as a whole. The main benefit
was that the assembly line needed a lot of labor to be put
together, and there were plenty of people that were willing
to help get the job done. This was obviously a benefit for
everyone as it created jobs and also made the automobile
much more available to everyone. We became more of a
working society, boosting the economy and giving people
more things to buy, even if the variety was lacking. It was a

major game changer and the proof is right in front of
us. Almost every popular item we have is mass produced
and available to everyone. Many people still work in factory
lines, but in the next few years it may not be this way.
With the augmented age quickly making its way into our
society, we face a dilemma in the job market. Machines are
building other machines, so a need for human workers will
start to decline. This is great for business owners, but not
so much for the common worker. There will have to be a
change in the way we prepare to enter the work force in a
way that not everyone is used to. Ford's assembly line made
use of unskilled workers, but in the present day, everyone
will have to be capable of dealing with the technology that's
advancing daily. This may inspire people to work harder to
get an education in order to be qualified for future jobs, or it
may discourage some people altogether resulting in them
giving up and being unemployed. It's hard to tell how
people will react to this change, but I feel we should all start
getting familiar with the way technology works.

Response IDEA Awards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video
Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products
seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept
developed by architect William McDonough and
chemist Dr. Michael Braungart? How does this
product resist or disregard the concept? Do you
know of any products that embrace Cradle-to-
Cradle design? If so, please describe.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/artbymags/479643
9819
The Cradle-to-Cradle concept emphasizes the constant cycle
of materials in our society and has a very positive impact in
theory, but still has a lot of ways to go. Not everything
designed and manufactured, whether it be from present or
past, was made to be re-used or recycled. An example of
this would be the OneBlade which won an IDEA Gold
Award for it's easy to use, one-bladed razor. Its description
isn't very detailed in itself, but unlike some of the other
Gold Award winners, the OneBlade doesn't say if it uses
environment friendly materials for its design. It only states
that it uses materials of the highest quality which relates to
our comfort of shaving. The description also states that it
was designed firstly on the quality of the shave, rather than
focusing on an environment-friendly product. So even
though the OneBlade isn't a step backward for people
concerned with the Cradle-to-Cradle concept, given that it
uses the same concept as previous razors and promotes
comfort, it doesn't take any advancements in a way that
materials can be re-used.
Many beverage companies, especially water related ones,
stress to the consumers that they should recycle their water

bottles when they are finished. Many companies have even
minimized the size of the plastic caps on the bottles, and
even put a recycle symbol in a bold green color on the face
of their bottles. This is a step to encourage people to be
friendlier to the environment.

Response to All Module 4 Materials
Your readings and viewings this week present
different ways of thinking about architecture. Mies
Van der Rohe describes architecture as “The will of
the epoch translated into space.” Andrew
Ballantyne describes architecture as the
background for life. Jeanne Gang describes it as the
act of building relationships. All agree that
architecture can change based on context and
culture. Choose two works of architecture from any
of your materials this week—one with sensibilities
about the past and one with sensibilities about the
present and/or future. How do each of these
buildings either reflect or challenge their cultural
contexts? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to
this question.)
https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/fun/skysc
raper-day
There is architecture in America, past and present, which is
heavily influenced by the culture that we have or wish to
have. They are inspiring in many ways and can lead to a
whole new breakthrough in design. One of these designs
that started a trend is the Wainwright skyscraper in St.
Louis, Missouri. Built in 1891, this was one of the first
skyscrapers in the world and would influence every modern
one today. Designed by Louis Sullivan, the Wainwright
would be the first to use a steel "skeleton" instead of the
heavy concrete that was used before this time. The
importance of this is what the design brought to our
culture. Now, businesses and governments use skyscrapers
all over the world to run their operations and it's hard not to
feel a sense of pride when gazing at the height and size of
these structures. Especially in America, where pride is in
our blood, the skyscraper represents business and hard-
work, showing off to the rest of the world the
accomplishments we have done. Because of this design by
Sullivan, every big city in America has at least one

skyscraper, including Chicago, which holds a modern design
called the Aqua.
The Aqua, designed by Jeanne Gang, was finished in
2009 and stands 82 stories high. With that being a feat of
itself, the building also brings a new idea to the design of
skyscrapers. The Aqua promotes the creating of
relationships between neighbors, and does this by the
design of the outside balcony attached to every
apartment. Neighbors can mingle with each other just by
stepping outside and looking not only to their left and right,
but up and down as well. In a society that is constantly at
work, it may be hard to find time to form some kind of
relationship with someone, but living here may solve that
issue. Talking to the people living around you can be stress
relieving and can even motivate people to spend time with
each other in the outside world. Even though this design is
for one building, many future designers may incorporate
this feature into their structures and we could be seeing it
all over the country. Who knows, we may even be living in
one.
The skyscraper is just one of the many designs that
influence our culture in America and is still evolving to this
day. We are constantly moving forward, trying to find ways
to better fit our needs of a comfortable life. The Wainwright
was just the start of something amazing and the Aqua shows
what we can build off of this simple, yet important
design. Whole communities can fit into these massive
structures, so just imagine what the future holds when it
comes to what we can achieve with a building that touches
the sky.

Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles
Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about
architecture that seem to value the sensorial and material
elements of life. How are Ballantyne’s and Zumthor’s
viewpoints on architecture alike? More importantly, how do
they differ? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this
question.)
http://www.theartcareerproject.com/build-your-future-
with-an-architecture-career/138/
Ballantyne and Zumthor analyze architecture's purpose in
our lives by showing the complexity of it. It's not a simple
process of just throwing materials together and hoping they
stick together. It's about believing in the purpose and goal of
your design and making it come to
life. Ballantyne mentions that architecture is a person's
continuation of himself, meaning that someone's
personality is living within the structure that he/she has
built. Zumthor gives us the same idea, showing that
architecture is an expression of one's self, just the same as
music. He compares how architecture needs the same
harmony as the most profound music out there, and bad
architecture is just like the noises we here in some music
that has no effect on us. These two architects show that
these creations aren't just something that we live in, they go
much deeper than that. A good design has a personality to
it, and should keep us wondering. When a structure loses its
emotion, Ballantyne says that it becomes as "lifeless as an
empty shell", meaning that it's just another plain building.
I feel the main difference in these two writers'
arguments is where the architecture gets its personality
from. It seems that Zumthor believes that we co-exist with
the structures around us, in that we need to embrace the

purpose of each individual design. He states that every
piece of architecture "is built for a specific use in a specific
place and for a specific society", which shows that every
design should give a very personal and specific meaning to
us. Ballantyne expresses the fact that we have to give
meaning to the space we are occupying, showing that the
building doesn't have a personality on its own. If a person
doesn't bring his/her ethos, as he states, into the home, then
what is its purpose? If a structure is not being used, for
some reason, then it just becomes an ordinary object. All in
all, if there is no one to appreciate a design, then what does
it matter that it exists? Zumthor believes that architecture
speaks to us and it's Ballantyne that believes it's us that
gives it the voice.

Response to Levy Article
Here is your discussion question on the Levy article. Please
post your own response, and respond to at least two other
students' responses.
John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,”
discussed ways in which planning can determine the
characteristics of a place. For example, some smaller towns
restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale.
How did planning define the character of the place in which
you grew up?
http://wikimapia.org/16196504/Bethlehem-Lackawanna-
Steel-Mill-Brownfields
I grew up in south Buffalo, and this area mainly consists of
working class people with moderately nice homes. When
the Lackawanna steel plant was up and running in the past,
Buffalo flourished economically and attracted workers from
all over. Over 20,000 workers were employed during WWII
just to help produce steel for our military.1 This meant that
many homes needed to be built to accommodate these
people and they needed to be put up quickly. One thing that
supports my claim is that on most streets, the houses almost
look identical in the interior, so this assumes that there
wasn't much time for diverse planning and design. Over
time, homeowners redesigned their homes or just simply
added onto it, but they still have the same basic layout. In
my neighborhood, there aren't too many big apartment
complexes though, but there are some. These are mostly
public housing for people who can't afford a single family
home. However, the majority of the homes here can hold
two families, probably because space was limited but the
demand for homes was high. Our character is slowly
changing through the years too, with our downtown area
becoming a growing tourist attraction. We are renovating

buildings that have been abandoned for decades and using
them for a better purpose. The Larkin building is just one
example of a structure that was turned around to have a
beneficial effect on society. The building and the area
around it bring in people by the thousands due to job
opportunities or to interact with others at the restaurants
that have established themselves around it. Little by little,
Buffalo is renovating itself for the better of our community.
1"History of Bethlehem Steel Lackawanna Plant." History of
Bethlehem Steel Lackawanna New York Plant: Lipsitz &
Ponterio. Accessed May 03, 2017.
http://www.lipsitzponterio.com/jobsites-
History_Bethlehem_Steel_Lackawanna_Plant.html.

Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson
Here is your discussion question on the Pruitt Igoe project,
the Talen article, and the Larson lecture article. Please post
your own response, and respond to at least two other
students' responses.
Imagine that you are part of a urban planning and design
firm working with Emily Talen (author of “Design That
Enables Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the TED Talk
"Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee
of you have been tasked with developing a plan to rebuild
Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials told the three of you that
that they want to do it right this time. Identify three
strategies for rebuilding Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise to
be more successful. What would Talen do? What would
Larson do? What would you do? How would your strategies
differ from those of the original urban planners/designers of
the project? Why would your strategies be more effective?
http://www.emba.cat/?page_id=679
Learning from the Pruitt Igoe mistakes, I would address the
obvious faults that occurred with the plan. Diversity and
maintenance went wrong in the attempt to build a perfect
public housing system, but it extends much farther than that.
We need attractions to make people want to live there, and I
think that Larson and Talen would both agree. Larson's

technology would attract many people looking for something
different, but who are also looking for something quite simple.
If the cars and moving walls that Larson mentioned actually
become a widespread technology, then that will definitely
attract people, and not just people of one culture, which leads
to the second strategy. To make sure we have a diverse
population in our new system, we need attractions outside of
the living area. The problem with Pruitt Igoe was that it was a
secluded area of the same repetitive buildings clustered
together. In this new layout, we need to build other buildings
that can be used for businesses such as restaurants,
supermarkets, gyms, and other places that will get the
residents interacting. With this design, it will be like a
community within a community. You have the surrounding
city with its things to do, but you also have this area that can
stand all alone when it comes to keeping the people living
there busy. Anyone can be welcome here, not just the
residents, mainly because it will only promote social
interaction, which is a benefit. The last strategy I would use in
this plan is to make sure there is a representative from each
complex that can address every tenants needs to make sure
things get done. If you think that something should be
changed, you can talk to your representative and he/she can
then bring it to the attention to someone who can make that
change happen. In theory, I know this system could work, but
I also know that there are many other factors that are keeping
something like this from happening, like crime and the cost of
living.

Response to F.L. Olmsted
Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in
Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is
the best planned city, as to its streets, public places, and
grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was
the basis for this claim? Would Olmsted still make that claim
today? Why or why not?
http://library.buffalo.edu/maps/buffalo-
wnymaps/location/olmsted.html
I believe the reason that Olmsted claimed that Buffalo was the
best planned city was due to the fact that the majority of the
city was engulfed by parks. The urban areas co-existed with
the green areas and people can socialize easier in a city like
this. The plan made us value the natural scenery just as much
as our city based life, meaning that we can be a modern,
working city as much as we can be a scenic one.
Personally, it's hard to determine what Olmsted would say
about Buffalo today. He would have to understand that we
are in a technological age and many things are being added to
attract more people. Take Niagara Falls for example, which
has many tourist attractions now that may take away from our
scenic view. Back then, we had an undisturbed view of one of
the wonders of the world, but now we can see people riding in
tourist boats right in the center of that view, taking away
some of its beauty. However, with big factories that have
closed down in the past decades, more opportunities for
green areas are popping up throughout Buffalo. Tearing down
these unoccupied structures and putting up public parks is just
one of the ways we can add to our naturalistic ways.

Response to Walter Hood's Work
Identify something that should be memorialized either on
UB's campus or in your hometown. Imagine that you are the
person who will oversee this project, and that you are using
Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to
the project. What would your landscape intervention
commemorate/memorialize? How will you use Hood's 'triad
of investigations' to design a new landscape intervention?
What do you imagine that the design will be? (Either written
or visual descriptions are acceptable).
http://cuhmmc.org/wp/things-to-do-in-the-buffalo-area/
Even though Buffalo has many green areas throughout the
city, there are some areas that are lacking the landscapes that
they need. Certain areas of the city are missing the
components that express our culture and are becoming too
urbanized. One step I would take as the overseer would be to
encourage citizens and business owners to bring the life out of
their property by adding more trees, grass, and designs that fit
with the landscapes. We need to grow things around our
highway system so it doesn't look so boring and bland while
making monuments in the middle of these growings that
display Buffalo's achievements. We can completely turn
around the view we have of our city by adding more nature to
our current urban jungle. It'll bring people out of their homes
more often which is something that we can all benefit from.
People can bring memories together and create things all
around Buffalo that give us a sense of pride of who we are.
Instead of pulling people away from the naturalistic beauty of
the world, we can bring it right to them.

Response to the Brookes
The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that
often is included in exhibits that explore issues of race and
power. It was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788,
and the Committee of the Abolition of Slavery used it to
inform and shock the public. While some consider the poster
as an important component of the abolitionist campaign, it
recently “has been strongly criticized by some individuals
and groups of African heritage as providing a very limited
view of the history of the transatlantic slave trade, resistance
and abolition (Hudson 2007).” The lesson here is that how a
viewer sees an image is dependent upon his/her social,
economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find
another iconic graphic that addresses racial issues and post it
for others in your group to view. (Add it to your response by
clicking on the picture in the tools section. Do not add it as
an attachment that needs to be opened.) How do you
interpret the graphic? What is its meaning? Now imagine
that someone from a racial and cultural background different
than your own is looking at the same graphic. Briefly
describe this person. How might s/he interpret its meaning?
How might this differ from your interpretation? What are the
possible reasons for these differences? (Consider the three
assessment principles mentioned in the article to help you: a
technology of vision, an instrument of empathy, and a
symbol of control.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than
250 words.)
https://meetmythamerica.wordpress.com/2015/08/12/signs
-of-the-time/
This image shows protesters who obviously favor segregation
in the U.S. to an extent of public gathering. One of the
women in the picture seems to be having a good time which
hints at the way some people felt about this situation. It
seems like a careless effort to go out and make sure a race
other than your own is not on an equal level. I interpret it as
an embarrassment even though I have nothing to do with
these people, and it's just knowing that these types of people
existed that makes America look foolish. I'm sure other
people from different races feel the same, unless of course
they rather be separated from white people completely, but

anyone who believes that this is a good idea probably doesn't
understand the consequences of segregation. Someone from
another race may feel angry and vengeful that whites used to
freely protest like this and possibly feel that they didn't get
the justice they deserved, and this point would be different
from my own. It's impossible to go back into the past, so I feel
that the best thing we can do is to turn the page and start a
new chapter in society. I know it's easier said than done since
there is still racism in society today.

Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign's Work
Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of
African American History and Culture using equityXdesign’s
core beliefs and/or design principles. (Use the beliefs or
principles that are most relevant to your critique rather than
all of them.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250
words.)
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2012/12/11
/mlk-memorial-quote/1761969/
I feel that the MLK memorial is a great design as it is, but if I
were to add anything, it would be a design that satisfies the
"process as product" belief of the equityXdesign's system.
What I would do would be to add areas that motivate the
surrounding community to mingle with each other. We could
add programs that bring people from different lifestyles into
one area, and they can discuss and get to understand one
another better. EquityXdesign believes that this aspect would
"strengthen relationships across difference" and I think they
would be pleased with this add-on. It's not so much a physical
design, but an internal, societal one. This will even add to
their "historical context matters" belief because it may
encourage elders to attend these get-togethers to tell their
story and memories related to the MLK memorial. This will
inform young people of the past and motivate them to make a
difference in life, just like the memorial dictates.

Response to "Landscape Stories" Chapter
First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your
home (indoors and/or outdoors) that you think of as
representative of your own ethnic background and discuss
why you consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an
object in your home that you think of as representative of
your ethnic background and discuss why this object is
considered to be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this
object or place something that you will keep or continue
when you establish your own home? Why or why not? Now
let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the
authors show how landscape architects develop a historical
narrative that sifts through and interprets the culture and
material of underrepresented groups. Think about the
community where you grew up. Describe and discuss any
evidence of cultural influences on the physical environment
in your community. If possible, describe evidence of the
cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible,
add photo/s.) Is this cultural influence being acknowledged
or preserved from future generations? Why or why not?
http://www.accordionsusa.com/
My grandfather comes from a very Polish family and was
raised in Polish heritage. To this day, he loves Polka music and
used to love playing his accordion. Sometimes, I seem to
forget my heritage and where my family comes from, but
every time I walk into my basement I see that accordion sitting

on that shelf, tucked away into the corner. That's probably
the only thing in my house that reminds me of my heritage, so
how can I not think of it as being ethnic? Maybe one day I
might pick it up and see if it still works, but I think it should
stay as a decoration and a reminder to me every time I see it.
In my neighborhood, it is very diverse now, but you can tell
that back then it was dominated by the Irish culture. I'm from
south Buffalo and that alone will make people that know this
place think Irish. There's a popular Irish center on Abbott road
that is always having events, and don't get me started on what
the First Ward looks like on St. Patrick's Day. I don't mean to
sound stereotypical, but observational, in saying that Irish
people love their beer, seeing that there are a countless
amount of locally owned bars with Irish names, flags, and
shamrocks on their storefront. Everywhere you look, you see
something Irish, and I certainly don't mind that even though I
share none of their heritage. It all encourages me to learn
about people that celebrate different things than I do.

Response to Article on Sports Branding
Recent controversies about sports branding focus on
ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is just one example
of the larger controversy, but it receives the most public
attention due to the name itself being defined as derogatory
or insulting in modern dictionaries, and the prominence of
the team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports
team branding designers use ethnic references (Fighting
Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why? Why not?
What are some of the complexities of this issue?
https://colorblindsociety.wordpress.com/tag/cultural-
appropriation/
I don't see the problem with using these team names, mostly
because I don't see the problem with offending people. We're
all from an ethnic background and I think instead of trying to
switch a team's name, that is also part of an industry that’s
worth billions, we should learn to let insults roll off of us.
There are incidents across our country where people and
groups have protested enough to get their local high school to
change their name1, but on a pro level, I don’t think it’s that
easy. I don't think the team owners really take these things
into consideration since they are already swimming in wealth
and don't feel it necessary to switch anything. This may sound
harsh, but this world is a messed up place, so the best thing I
think we can do is to just try to focus on more important
things like poverty or government corruption.
1ThinkProgress. "7 States Where There Are Fights To
Change 'Deeply Offensive' Native American Mascots."
ThinkProgress. February 13, 2015. Accessed May 03, 2017.
https://thinkprogress.org/7-states-where-there-are-fights-to-
change-deeply-offensive-native-american-mascots-
2442dc0912b4.

Response to "Visualizing Gender" Chapter
In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and
Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy
approaches: 1) get the idea, and 2) stories in data. Find a
new example of either of the two visual advocacy
approaches to gender issues, and post it in this thread. Cite
the source.
First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer
uses the approach to communicate a gender issue. Is the
approach effective in this example? Why or why not? How
could this graphic be improved?
https://www.hrc.co.nz/news/roadmap-gender-equality-
urgent/
The designer of this image uses the stories in data approach to
show people gender inequality. It should be noted that this

graphic is representing data from New Zealand, not the U.S. I
still decided to use it because most of these problems are
present in our country as well. Just by stating facts, it clearly
shows that women are treated unfairly in society compared to
men. Looking at the data, you can see that more women have
degrees than men do, yet when it comes to hourly wages and
savings, somehow women have less of both. They also have a
higher unemployment rate, even though they have a higher
percentage in education. To improve this design, I would
simply add the word "why?" in bold letters at the bottom of
the graphic. This will get more people thinking about why
women are underrepresented in society and maybe will
inspire them to look into the matter. I think one word can
raise a good amount of awareness on the matter. If anything
is going to change, people's awareness has to be raised first,
and with enough people and effort, things can probably be
changed.

Response to Bathroom Bill
Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into
law a bill that repealed local LGBT anti-discrimination laws,
and required people to use the bathroom that corresponded
with the biological gender written on their birth certificates.
This prompted massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You
know, we all have to make adjustments in life. And we’ve
had the proper etiquette situation for decades in our
country, and all of a sudden through political correctness
we’re throwing away basic etiquette.” Just this past
Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill
to repeal the law while placing a moratorium on
nondiscrimination measures. Should people be required to
use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological
gender written on their birth certificate? State why AND
state why not. In other words, to receive full credit for this
question, you need to present an argument for both sides of
the issue. As a designer, how would you solve this gender
dilemma?
http://www.peacock-panache.com/2016/05/becker-
bathroom-bill-legislation-22874.html
Having people use the bathroom for the gender they were
born with can keep things in order and keep people from
feeling too uncomfortable. If everyone were to obey this law,
then when a person walks into a male bathroom and looks like
a female, others will know that they are using the same facility
with a person that was once/is a man as well. The same goes
for a female bathroom too, which is knowing that a person
who looks like a man was once, or still is, a woman can put
more people at ease.
The other side of the argument would suggest that it shouldn't
matter which bathroom a person uses, as long as they are
comfortable. If someone identifies as a transgender, then
they should be able to use the bathroom that best fits their
needs and preferences. If it's easier for them to use a male's
bathroom, they should be able to, but if they feel more
comfortable using a female's bathroom, they should be able
to as well.

An obvious designer's approach would have to be the
invention of the gender neutral bathroom, in all public
facilities, if the space permits of course. However, I think the
best approach would be to create a facility that basically re-
evaluates a person's gender. If a transgender is having a
dilemma using the bathroom that they think they should be
able to use, they can go to this facility and get a statement
that says what gender they are at that time. They then could
get I.D. that shows what their new gender is to prove to
someone if further complications arise.

Response to Hidden Ways
Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary
architecture that perpetuate what he calls urban spatial
injustice: 1) stealthy, 2) slippery, 3) crusty, 4) prickly, and 5)
jittery. Go out into the city of Buffalo, and find/photograph
two examples from the list of five. Identify what type of
space you’ve photographed and why it might discriminate
against a specific population. Identify the location where you
took the photograph, and make certain that you are in at
least one of the two photographs.
Photo by Joe Kurnik
This photo was taken on South Park in the South Buffalo area.
I thought it might represent the crusty aspect of Steven
Flusty's writing mostly because there is a gate inside of the
store that keeps intruders out. This is a class based thing
because the people that can't afford medication could have
the incentive to break into this place. It's a necessary design
from the shop owner's perspective, but it's also sad that our
society has people that have reasons to break into a
pharmacy.
Literally right across the street, this bench that I'm sitting in
has an arm rest that cuts it in half. I would put this in the
prickly category because it has to do with discomfort in public
seating. This simple design is to keep the homeless from
sleeping on these benches, but discriminates against them as
they hold the lowest social status and might not have any
other alternatives.

Response to People Like Us
After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy
Crabtree took herself and her family off the welfare rolls. But
her job cleaning bathrooms at a local Burger King barely paid
the bills. Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to
college and become a teacher. Imagine this scenario. You
are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD
(Integrated Planning and Design). You work on a team with
planners, urban designers, policy designers, architects, and
social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a
way for Tammy Crabtree and her family (and others with
situations similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves out of
poverty. What will your team do to help Tammy and her
family achieve their goals? What approach will your team
take to address this difficult problem? http://www.craiggreenfield.com/blog/2013/11/30/poor-
people-and-their-bad-decisions
My plan, including anyone else's, would need 100% effort
from the Crabtree family. My plan isn't much of a physical
design, but more of a design for our society, so I would mostly
be working with a social designer. Paying for college would
not be a problem, since there are already financial aid
programs in effect today. So, the main problem would be
getting Tammy to school, or better yet, bringing the school to
her. We can create jobs by having people either pick Tammy

up and bring her to school, or drop school work off to her
home. She can be assigned an advisor who checks in on her
on a weekly basis to see how much she is progressing in her
school work. Even though I don't think this is as effective as
Tammy and her family physically going to school, I still think
it's far better than not doing anything at all. On the days she's
not working, she can even spend the day at her local college in
a special program for people who share her problem. As far
as the Burger King job goes, if she gets her car fixed, driving
shouldn't be much of a problem. Even with a basic level of
education, she and her family can have many more
opportunities with jobs or other social experiences.

Response to Carroll Article: “(Re)forming Regent Park: When
Policy Does Not Equal Practice”
The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are
several more phases to the project. What actions could be
taken to ensure more social integration for the older people
living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent Park?
http://urbantoronto.ca/news/2013/06/neighbourhood-
node-new-and-old-regent-park
To ensure more social integration for the elders, we should
start the whole design starting with them as the base. Put
everything they need within a small walking distance, focus
heavily on placing doctor offices, pharmacies, and public
parks, but also keep institutions that keep the youth
integrated as well. The youth can be support for the elders if
we put recreational areas and schools within the areas for the
elders. With these changes, the transportation problems will
be fixed since older people won't have to travel to necessary
places because they are right outside their doors. Senior
citizens with mobility issues will definitely benefit from this
new design as will everyone else because it simply brings
people together while helping specific groups exist in the
same setting with ease. As long as we use elders as the
foundation of Regent Park, social integration could possibly be
at a maximum. The problem that may be commonly
overlooked is the length of time this project can take. As of
right now, the improvement of Regent Park is expected to
take 15 to 20 years!1 By this time, we’ll have a new wave of
senior citizens to accommodate for, and with rising
technology, we can only guess what their needs will be.
1"Regent Park // ." Regent Park. Accessed May 03, 2017.
https://www.torontohousing.ca/regentpark.

Response to Enriquez TED Talk: “What Will Humans Look
Like in 100 Years?”
For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two
civilization, which alters fundamental aspects of the body.
We are living longer than ever before in human history.
Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical
technology, the possibility of living to 120 years of age and
beyond is quite possible for many of us in this D+D class.
Assuming that his assertion is accurate, how do you think
extended life spans will change our societies and built
environments? What new issues might designers face
because of extended life spans?
https://lifeboat.com/blog/2015/page/45
If we are able to live for 120 years, we need to think about
what condition people will look like when they are
approaching this age. What if we are able to work until we
are at least a hundred years old? If so, our production would
grow and we would have more resources to build
environments for people to live in. So I think the issue for
building more homes to accommodate the population growth
would be solved in a short period of time. Also, if we were to
live to this age, 60-70 year olds will be the new middle-aged,
which leads to my point that I personally don't believe that
any social norms will change regarding elderly people. Sure,
we'll have more people, which means more buildings of every
kind are needed, but I think the ratio of young to old will stay
the same as it is today. 70, 80, or even 90 year olds won't be
considered as "old" anymore, just "getting old" might be their
new title. Another thing to keep in mind is that the increase in
life expectancy doesn't mean everyone will live to that age, so
I think the amount of people we are expecting on this planet
at one time might be a little exaggerated. At first, designers
will have to speed up their designing process to build enough

institutions to hold more people, but once they catch up,
things should go back to normal.

Response to PPT, Smithsonian, and Roy
The two most frequently mentioned models of disability are
the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models. The medical model of
disability views disability as a medical ‘problem’ that belongs
to the disabled individual. The social model of disability, in
contrast, draws on the idea that it is society that disables
people, through designing everything to meet the needs of
the majority of people who are not disabled. There is a
recognition within the social model that there is a great deal
that society can do to reduce, and ultimately remove, some
of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the
responsibility of society, rather than the disabled person.
In the Smithsonian online exhibition, the story about the
superhero hand, and Elise Roy’s TED Talk, you saw examples
of ways to engage disability that use the social model rather
than the medical model. In the Disability and Design
PowerPoint, you were introduced to the concept of Universal
Design (UD) (sometimes called inclusive design, design-for-
all, or human-centered design). Certainly, UD embraces the
social model of disability. In this same PowerPoint, you saw
positive and negative examples of each of the seven
principles of universal design.
https://housely.com/20-sliding-staircase-designs-ages/
This first picture would be in the flexibility in use category as it
accommodates a wide variety of preferences and abilities in
case of emergencies. This is definitely one step forward in
designing for all, as there is still space for people who are
capable of using the stairs to swiftly exit the building. With
this design, people who are unable to use stairs can easily use
this method to escape harm or injury, especially in a case
where elevators are unavailable. This design isn't perfect,

partly because they are leaving their method of transportation
behind whether it's a wheelchair or a pair of crutches, and
also because someone at the bottom will have to help them or
even carry them out of the building which can be a difficult
task in itself. Even though this design is only a start, it's far
better than having nothing.
This second image shows a negative example of the flexible
and use concept. This dresser was designed for people with
both arms available, but it doesn't take into account people
that are missing an arm. Yes, it's still possible to open the
drawers with one arm, but it is far more difficult than using
both hands. Moving one of the handles to the center and
eliminating the other one could solve this problem, but there
are still plenty of these dressers that keep this same design.

Response to Survey, FIXED, and Stelarc
Our 2017 Design-A-Baby survey yielded the following
characteristics as indicated by a majority of you:
Sex: Male (47%)
Hair Color: Dark Brown (22%)
Hair Texture: Wavy (33%)
Eye Color: Blue (26%)
Race: Caucasian (36%)
Height: 5’-10” to 6’-1” (45%)
IQ: 131-140 (20%)
Memory: Excellent (43%)
Athletic Ability: Excellent (43%)
Weight: Average (79%)
Disease Carrier: None (85%)
Beauty: Somewhat attractive (46%)
Empathy: Very empathetic (38%)
Creativity: Very creative (37%)
Sounds like an all-around lovely person!
Currently, we have the technology for you to choose many of
the survey characteristics in your future child, and this ability
to choose poses some ethical questions. Of course, we all
want the best for our own child. However, as we move into a
more collective situation, we need to consider how the
consequences of majority choices for children might change
who we are as a species.
In the film trailer FIXED, you were introduced to the dilemma
of living in a culture in which the “science-fiction of human
enhancement” has become almost a way of life, from
prenatal genetic screening to bionic body parts. In the video,
“A Man with Three Ears” you are introduced to an artist who
is using current technology to move humans beyond their
current abilities. Last week, Juan Enriquez asked us if it is
ethical to evolve the human body. All of these videos suggest
that the concept of disability ‘as we know it’ could cease to
exist in the future.
This leads us to this week’s discussion question:
What lessons do you think we should learn from history
when thinking about emerging enhancement technologies
and reproductive technologies? What are some of the
possible consequences (both positive and negative) of being
able to design our bodies and the bodies of our children?
What ethical quandaries do these technologies pose?

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/millie-mitchel-
amazing-hair_us_58e6590de4b06a4cb30ffacb
If we are able to create our definition of perfect for our
bodies, there will be some positives and some negatives.
First, on a positive note, we would be able to modify ourselves
and our children to be perfect for every scenario for survival.
Things like intelligence, athletic ability, and memory are things
that people would strive to reach a maximum. If we can do
this to our society, then everyone will be on equal terms with
opportunity and many great things can be achieved.
However, this can be seen as a negative consequence as well.
How do we know that people won't use these abilities for
crime or other things outside the social norms? It's basically
like a superhero abusing his power, and sadly, I can see this
happening if our society becomes this advanced. Another
negative aspect would be rising tension between race, gender,
and ethnicity. We don't really know what will happen if we
give people the choice to create whatever human being they
would like, but to me, I think things would get a little lopsided.
Maybe most families will want to have a boy, rather than a
girl, so the ratio will quickly imbalance making it difficult for
future reproduction. Similarly, if someone considers a perfect
baby to have a certain skin color over others, I would think
that somewhere, someone would think that to be racist. I
could see people expecting others to design a baby with a
different skin color than their own, just to show that we don't
value one skin tone over another. It's not a huge deal to me,
but with historical and even recent issues, I can see people
getting upset.
Response to Titicut Follies

The state of Massachusetts tried to ban the 1967
documentary Titicut Follies, arguing that director Frederick
Wiseman had violated the patients’ rights by not getting
written permission to film them. The case went to court, and
Wiseman argued that he had consent from their legal
guardian, the institution. After a judge ruled in favor of the
state, the legal appeals carried on for several years: in 1969,
Massachusetts allowed the film to be shown to doctors,
lawyers, and health care professionals; in 1991, a superior
court judge ruled it could be released for the “general
public,” as privacy concerns were no longer at issue, so many
years later.
Should Wiseman have been allowed to film the residents of
Bridgewater Massachusetts Correctional Facility? Why or
why not? How might this film be of value to designers
(communication designers, product, designers, architects,
interior designers, planners, landscape designers, systems
designers, and/or social designers)? In other words, what
might they gain from this film that they could use in their
work?
https://www.bcd-urbex.com/st-johns-hospital-aka-county-
pauper-lunatic-asylum-lincoln/
This is a touchy subject because I agree with the fact that
professionals should be able to use this documented
footage, but I'm on the fence with releasing it to the general
public. I try to see it from both sides of the argument, and I
essentially agree with both. It is a violation of their basic
rights to be videotaped and shown to the public, and here is
where I see a problem. The people who are educated in this
subject know that we need to treat the intellectually
challenged on equal terms as everyone else, so that means
they deserve their basic human rights and privacy. But we

also need to understand that this footage educates people as
well, and can teach others how to handle situations that
might never been seen before if it wasn't for the
video. From personal experience, I learned new things
about the disabled from this video, and also felt guilty
because I never realized how easy I have it in life. I
definitely benefited from this footage and others will too,
but some have to learn to appreciate what they are shown
and not disrespect it.
This video is a perfect tool for designers because it makes it
easier to understand the situation without having to be
there in person. When in the designing process, you can
pull up specific footage to show how the disabled people
react to their environment and begin brainstorming
solutions from there. If you were to go in person on any
given day, you might not see the worst of the situation. I
believe that designers need to see things at their worst in
order to fix them to be their best, so this video is a useful
tool to show small segments of situations at their most
extreme.

Response to PPT, The Architecture of Autism, Public Space
Prelude: Wolf Wolfensberger's seminal work "The Origin
and Nature of Our Institutional Models" posited that society
characterizes people with intellectual disabilities as sub-
human and burdens of charity, He argued that this
dehumanization, and the segregated institutions that result
from it, ignored the potential productive contributions that
all people can make to society. He pushed for a shift in
policy and practice that recognized the human needs of
those with intellectual challenges and provided the same
basic human rights as for the rest of the population.
The Scenario: Imagine that you and your four children
live in Amherst, New York in a $650,000 home at the end of
a cul-de-sac on the edge of a ten acre woods. The town has
purchased a one acre lot three houses away from yours, and
plans to build a group home for ten intellectually challenged
adults.
As a resident of the neighborhood, would you
support or oppose this proposal and why?
You've learned additional information about the residents of
the proposed group home in your neighborhood. In 2013,
three of the ten intended residents exhibited challenging
behaviors including screaming, public masturbation,
repetitive rocking, and echolalia (elective incontinence).
However, these behaviors have not occurred since then.
How would this change your opinion about the
construction of the group home in your
neighborhood?
The residents in your neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject
the town of Amherst’s proposal to build a group home in the
neighborhood. Town officials agreed that the home would
not be built in your neighborhood if you and your neighbors
could develop a workable alternative.
What are some possible solutions that would allow
the residents of the home to be provided with “the
same basic human rights as the rest of the
population”?

https://medium.com/@Oolong/neurodiversity-
and-mental-health-bed479fa74c
I would 100% support intellectually challenged people living
near me and my children. I would have to explain to my
kids the situation though, but this can be a good thing
because it teaches them that we should care for the disabled
just as we care for each other. These people need help, and
most of the time, they don't know how to ask for it. As long
as my children understand why the disabled people might
act a way that they are not familiar to seeing, then
everything should be okay. I can't imagine my children
being frightened in any way, as long as myself and others
teach them to lend a helping hand rather than run from the
situation.
I wouldn't want to shelter my children from these people. I
would encourage them to learn about them, and help them
if need be. Yes things can get awkward, especially when
witnessing the challenging behaviors from three of the
adults, but as a parent, you have to adapt to what's going on
and not hide from it. To ensure that the ten intellectually
challenged people receive basic human rights, I believe the
whole community should use some time and effort to work
together for a solution. My first proposal would be to
educate everyone on the street, with either a door to door
visit or fliers in the mail. If my neighbors still don't want to
have the home built in the vicinity, I would then propose
that we all work together to find a space of land big enough
to accommodate them as well as other people with
disabilities to form a moderate community. This would be
similar to the Sweetwater community and having it gated
might put my neighbors at ease. I still feel we should
educate as many people as possible and schedule weekly
visits to this community to learn more about the care
needed to assist these individuals. As Temple Grandin
states in her Ted Talk, many autistic people show a lack of
social skills, so if there are autistic people in this
community, I would imagine that these visits would not
only benefit us outside residents, but the people of the

community as well. It will help them integrate into our
society, instead of isolating them. So if we tell town officials
that we will take responsibility and visit the disabled on a
scheduled basis, then I think they would take our solution
into strong consideration.

Response to The Connection Between Religion and Urban
Planning by David Engwicht
In his article, David Engwicht discusses the fact that
religions (of all types) have played major roles in the
development of our cities. Today, places of worship are
primary components of almost all urban centers. Author
Lorne Daniel writes “From their often active role in
supporting people who live in city centers to their iconic
influence on design and use of space, religious structures
tell us a lot about our history, our current needs, and where
we might be headed in the future. This is an aspect of our
urban future that planners and urbanists should attend to.”
Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat
familiar. (If you are not familiar with any places of worship,
do a bit of research on one in your own city or town.) Show
a photograph of this religious structure. (You may use
photographs from the web.) What roles has this place
served in the development of your city/town? How has it
influenced the design of the area around it? How has its role
changed over time? What roles could this place of worship
play in the future development of your city/town?
http://www.jubileeinitiative.org/sacredbasilica.html
This is the Our Lady of Victory basilica located on the
corner of Ridge and South Park in Buffalo, NY. This place
was the foundation for people who had no design. In the
early 1900's, Father Baker helped thousands of orphans and
homeless by providing for them a place to stay and food to
eat. Throughout the years, the community around it has
been affected in obvious ways. It is a place of worship for
the Catholic faith, and it also inspired a school that shares
the same name. Now, it just functions as a museum-like

place of worship, but around 100 years ago, it was a place of
worship as well as a shelter for the poor. So I would say that
the basilica lost some of its functionality as it sits mainly as
a historical monument, but the roots of the church shouldn't
be forgotten. Everyone who lives in the area knows the
basilica and respects it, so it will never be replaced. That's
how it will have an effect on the future design of our
community. Everything that we build around it must
respect its boundaries and not take anything away from
it. It stands alone in its area and shouldn't be tampered
with.

Response to Prospects for the Future of Diversity
and Design
Consider the quote in your syllabus from educator Michael J.
Shannon: “Design, as vision in action--the intersection of
understanding and creation--is a universal human capability that
can play a fundamental role in social evolution, in the process that
transforms resources, energy, and information to make our
world.”
At the beginning of this course, we discussed the idea that
we are all designers regardless of our profession or field of
study. We’ve asked some big questions along the way, and
the conclusion section of our textbook raises additional
issues that require input from people who might not
consider themselves to be part of the formalized design
professions.
Think about your own major and/or future profession.
What is the biggest challenge, problem, or question
that your field needs to tackle right now? What do you
plan to do to address this challenge, problem, or
question either as part of your studies or professional
life?
http://blog.directcapital.com/business-insights/business-
charity/
As a business major, I would have to say that my biggest
concern would be trying to work with large corporations to
form charities that provide funds for designers to help
people in need. An accountant can do research into a
company's records and see what leftover income they have

and are willing to donate. My plan would be to talk to
owners or shareholders about giving a percentage of their
income after taxes to specifically chosen design companies
that have a mission to provide for the underrepresented.
Designs include clubs for children, food banks for the
hungry, and educational opportunity centers for those that
are in need of a profession. Many companies already
donate, but in this plan, money would go directly to
designers and once a particular design is finished, all future
contributions would go to running and operating the
facility. People may be hesitant to give up their money, but
whatever is created by the designer will be a direct reflection
of the company that donates. This means that the final
product will be advertisement for the company aimed at
anyone who sees or uses these facilities making this plan
beneficial to both the company and people in need.

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