IV Bimester Sixth Grade

1. INTRODUCTION TO
INVERTEBRATES
SICENCE
IV BIMESTER
MS. MEMBREÑO

2. INVERTEBRATE CHARACTERISTICS
• A grasshopper and a spider are both invertebrates.
• Animals that do not have backbones are invertebrates.
• The main invertebrate groups are sponges, cnidarians,
flatworms, roundworms, segmented worms, mollusks
arthropods, and echinoderms.

3. SPONGES

4. CNIDARIANS (NY DEHR EE UNZ)

5. WORMS

6. MOLLUSKS

7. ARTHROPODS

8. ECHINODERMS

9. INTRODUCTION TO
VERTEBRATES
SICENCE
IV BIMESTER
MS. MEMBREÑO

10. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHORDATES
AND VERTEBRATES
• The animals you are probably most familiar with are members of the phylum
Chordata. Members of this phylum are called chordates.
• Most chordates, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals,
are vertebrates.
• A few chordates such as sea squirts and lancelets, do not have backbones.

11. CHORDATE CHARACTERISTICS
• At some point in their lives, all chordates have three
characteristics: a notochord, a nerve cord, and pouches in the
throat area.
• Most chordates also have a backbone.

12. LANCELETS

13. NOTOCHORD
• A notochord is a
flexible rod that
supports a
chordate’s back. The
name Chordata
comes from this
structure’s name.

14. NERVE CORD
• All chordates have a
nerve cord that runs
down their back. Your
spinal cord is such a
nerve cord. The nerve
cord connects the brain
to nerves in other parts
of the body.

15. THROAT POUCHES
• At some point in their lives,
chordates have pouches in
their throat area.
• In most vertebrates, the
pouches disappear before
birth.
• In fish and lancelets,
grooves between these
pouches become gill s slits.

16. HOW DO VERTEBRATES CONTROL BODY
TEMPERATURE
• Some vertebrates do not produce much
internal heat. Therefore, their body
temperatures change with the environment.
• Other vertebrates control their internal heat
and maintain a constant body temperature.

17. ECTOTHERM • Amphibians, reptiles and most
fish are ectotherms.
• An animal that produces little
internal body heat is called an
ectotherm.
• Its body temperature changes
with temperature changes in its
environment.

18. ENDOTHERM
• Birds and mammals are
endotherms.
• An endotherm is an animal that
controls the internal heat it
produces and regulates its own
temperature.
• An endotherm has adaptations
such fur and feathers for
maintaining body temperature.

20. VERTEBRATE DIVERSITY

21. CLICK ON THE LINK:
• http://www.slideshare.net/leannebenson
/vertebrates20and20invertebrates-1

22. SKELETONS AND MUSCLES
SICENCE
IV BIMESTER
MS. MEMBREÑO

23. FAST FELINES
• Which animal is the fastest sprinter? It is a
cheetah. The cheetah’s body structure and
muscles allow it to reach speeds of up to 112
km/h in only three seconds. Its flexible spine
enables the cheetah to extend its limbs to
great lengths. This ability allows the cheetah
to cover as much ground in one stride as a
racehorse. The cheetah also has a high
percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers.
These fibers provide power and allow the
cheetah to reach its incredible speed faster
than a race car can reach the same speed. It’s
no wonder that the cheetah holds the title of
“World’s Fastest Land Animal.”
1. What are two parts of a cheetah’s body that
help it run fast?
2. Why do you think a cheetah’s speed is an
advantage to the animal?

24. WHAT SUPPPORTS AND PROTECTS ANIMAL BODIES?
• Imagine you are watching lions
moving slowly through tall grass.
• They are surrounding a young zebra
that has wandered away from its
mother.
• Flies buzz, and beetles chew on grass
blades.
• Nearby, a snake slithers away from
one of the lions.
• Unaware, the zebra continues to gaze.

25. WHAT SUPPPORTS AND PROTECTS ANIMAL BODIES?
• Think about all these different
animals. Do they have anything in
common?
• Yes, all of their bodies are supported
by skeletons, which have similar
functions.

26. SKELETON
• A skeleton is a framework
that shapes and supports an
animal, protects its internal
organs, and allows it to
move in its environment.

27. TYPES OF SKELETONS
Exoskeleton
A hard outer covering.
Both
Shape and support, protect internal organs and help with movement.
Endoskeleton
Is inside the body.

28. ENDOSKELETON

29. EXOSKELETON

30. JOINTS
Have you ever tried to run without
bending your legs?
If you have, then you know it is difficult.
Fortunately, most exoskeletons and
endoskeletons have joints.
• A joint is a place where two or more
parts of a skeleton meet.

31. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF MUSCLES?
• Muscles help animals move their body parts.
• Tissues that contract or relax to create movement
are muscles.
• When the muscles contract, or get shorter, they
squeeze blood through the vessels.

32. MUSCLES IN ENDOSKELETON

33. MUSCLES IN EXOSKELETON