Socialization is the process by which people learn the norms, values, beliefs and behaviors that are essential for social living. It begins at birth and continues throughout life as individuals acquire skills and a self-identity through interaction with others. Socialization transmits culture from one generation to the next and adapts individuals to organized social life. It is vital as it develops skills needed by individuals, instills societal values and teaches social roles. Socialization occurs through various agents such as family, peers, media, school and workplace, and involves learning norms through imitation, suggestion and competition within different contexts.

1. SOCIALIZATION

3. • Socialization is a form of
interaction by which people
acquire personality and learn the
way of life of their society.
• It is considered the essential link
between the individual and
society
• Allows the individual to learn the
norms, values, languages, skills
beliefs, and other patterns of
thought and action that are
essential for social living

4. BECOMING A PERSON: BIOLOGY AND CULTURE
• Biological Process
- Stimulate children’s physical development; coordination and strength
gradually improve, so they can feed themselves and walk
- While these biological developments are occurring, children are talked
to and handled by caregivers who provide them with food and protect
them from physical harm

5. • In 1964, a classic study by Rene Spitz on hospitalizm indicates that infants
must have social contact with caregivers as well as physical care from them
in order to develop normally.

6. THE PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION
• The process of socialization begins at birth and continues throughout all of
life.
• During early childhood, we learn, most of all, from our parents who teach us
through instruction the values, norms, and skills that they already have.
• They learn through observation and imitation.
• They acquire a self-identity, a concept of who they are. Late, they will realize
that certain behavior is expected in them.
• According to Fichter, socialization is a process of mutual influence between a
person and his fellowmen, a process of that results in an acceptance of, and
adaptation to, the patterns of social behaviour.
• He also said a person becomes social when he learns to get along with other
people

7. WHAT’S THE POINT OF SOCIALIZATION?
Socialization can be described from two points of view:
Objective Socialization
It refers to the society acting upon the child.
Subjective Socialization
It refers to the process by which the society transmits its culture from one
generation to the next and adapts the individual to the accepted and approved
ways of organized social life.

8. THE FUNCTIONS OF SOCIALIZATION
• To develop the skills and disciplines which are needed by
individual,
• To instill the aspirations and values and the “design for living”
which the particular society possesses
• To teach the social roles which individuals must enact in society.

9. IMPORTANCE OF SOCIALIZATION
1. Socialization is vital to culture.
Every society transmits its culture to succeeding generations. Through this
continuing process, each generation acquires the elements of its society’s culture
2. Socialization is vital to personality.
The training of every child received through the process of socialization greatly
affects his personality.
3. Socialization is vital to sex-role differentiation
It provides every individual the expected role he or she is to play in the society
according to their sexes.

10. SOCIAL LEARNING
• The process of socialization can ultimately be reduced to the fact that the
individual learns by contact with society.
• The process refers not to individual knowledge, which also comes from contact
with others, but shared knowledge which has social significance.
• From this point of view, the manner in which he learns does not differ from that
of simple learning.
• The interaction between the learner and the thing learned is called response.
• The reward refers to any object or event which strengthens or makes easier the
responses of the individual in striving to learn.

11. • Some of the sub processes in social learning:
1. Imitation.
One tends to duplicate more or less or exactly the behaviour of others.
2. Suggestion
A process outside the learner. It is found in the works and actions of those
who are attempting to change the behaviour of the learner
3. Competition.
It is a stimulative process in which two or more individuals vie with one
another in achieving knowledge.

12. COMPONENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
1. Goals and motivations
The goal is the state of affairs one wishes to achieve
Motivation is a person’s wish or intention to achieve a goal
2. Contexts
Where a social interaction takes place makes a difference in what it means.
Edward Hall identified three elements that define context:
a. the physical setting or place,
b. the social environment, and
c. the activities surrounding the interaction
3. Norms
It refers to the rules that regulate the process of social interaction. Human behaviour
is not random. It is patterned and, for the most part, quite predictable

13. AGENCIES OF SOCIALIZATION

14. 1. The Family

15. 2. Peer Groups

16. 3. The Media

17. 4. The School

18. 5. The Workplace

19. THANK YOU
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