ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALL PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN BIRNIN KEBBI METROPOLIS

1. Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics final year project by Danjuma Suraju (HSG/12/0071) Supervised by Mal. Aliyu A. Zailani
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COVER PAGE
ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALL PRIMARY
SCHOOLS IN BIRNIN KEBBI METROPOLIS
BY
DANJUMA SURAJU
HSG/12/0071
A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING
AND GEOINFORMATICS WAZIRI UMARU FEDERAL
POLYTECHNIC BIRNIN KEBBI, KEBBI STATE
March, 2015

2. Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics final year project by Danjuma Suraju (HSG/12/0071) Supervised by Mal. Aliyu A. Zailani
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TITLE PAGE
ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALL PRIMARY
SCHOOLS IN BIRNIN KEBBI METROPOLIS
BY
DANJUMA SURAJU
HSG/12/0071
A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING
AND GEOINFORMATICS COLLEGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES WAZIRI UMARU FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC
BIRNIN KEBBI, KEBBI STATE
IINN PPAARRTTIIAALL FFUULLFFIILLLLMMEENNTT OOFF TTHHEE RREEQQUUIIRREEMMEENNTT FFOORR TTHHEE
AAWWAARRDD OOFF HHIIGGHHEERR NNAATTIIOONNAALL DDIIPPLLOOMMAA IINN SSUURRVVEEYY AANNDD
GGEEOOIINNFFOORRMMAATTIICCSS
March, 2015

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PROJECT CERTIFICATION
I hereby certify that all information in this project was obtained as a result of the
observation and that the survey was carried out in accordance with survey
regulations and departmental instructions.
______________________________ ________________________
Danjuma Suraju Date
HSG/12/0071

4. Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics final year project by Danjuma Suraju (HSG/12/0071) Supervised by Mal. Aliyu A. Zailani
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SUPERVISOR CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that Danjuma Suraju with Matric No: HSG/12/0071 of the Higher
National Diploma (HND) in Surveying and Geo-informatics carried out the project in
which this report was written under my supervision. He conducted himself with due
diligent and sobriety.
__________________________ __________________
MAL. ALIYU A. ZAILANI Date
(Project Supervision)

5. Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics final year project by Danjuma Suraju (HSG/12/0071) Supervised by Mal. Aliyu A. Zailani
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CERTIFICATION
This work has been carefully supervised and approved, having satisfied one of the
necessary conditions for the Award of Higher National Diploma in Surveying and
Geo-informatics, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State.
___________________________ _________________
Mal. Aliyu Abubakar Zailani Date
Project Supervisor
__________________________ _________________
Surv. Udoka Ememere Date
Project Coordinator.
___________________________ _________________
Mal. Abubakar A. Umar Date
Head of Department

6. Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics final year project by Danjuma Suraju (HSG/12/0071) Supervised by Mal. Aliyu A. Zailani
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DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to God Almighty the maker of my soul for His faithfulness,
love, protection, provisions, grace, mercies, and favour upon me and my entire
family.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All praises, honour and adoration to God for his tremendous blessing and protection
towards me and my family. I also want to thank him for the opportunity given to me
for the accomplishment of this project.
My special appreciation goes to my project supervisor a father and a mentor Mal.
Aliyu Abubakar Zailani who has contributed in all ways (Mentally and physically) to
make this work a success. My sincere appreciation also goes to my lectures in the
department Mr. Joseph Danboyi Amusuk, Surv. Adewale Adebayo, Surv. Ukim
Basse Edit, Surv. Udokachukwu Emenari, Mr. Ifeanyi Christian, Mal. Auwal, Mal.
Ismail, Mal. Labbo, Mal. Abubakar, Mal. Ashiru Bena and to my lovely HOD Mal.
Abubakar A. Umar.
My thanks also goes to my colleagues and friend like Glory Samuel, Abdullahi Aliyu
Kanko, Abdullahi Musa Enagi, Mal. Usman, Mal. Baura, Suleiman, Bello, Akilu
(Manager), Surv. Joseph, Surv. Mathias (MOG) Abba Cafe, Baraka Lawal, Sumayya
Abubakar, Rukayy Doma, and others who gave me ideas, observation and
suggestion concerning the project which I found very useful.
I acknowledge with thanks the contribution of various people’s that God have used in
one way or the other to ensure the realisation of this project. Person’s like, Aunty
Hafsat Sanusi Olanike, Mummy KD, Maryam Mustapha, Balkisu Alimi. I also
appreciate my brothers and Sister Bro. Muhammad Danjuma, Zainab Danjuma,
Rukayya Danjuma, Halima Danjuma, Latifa Laukman, Aisha Laukman, Amina
Abdulkari, for their continuous and relentless support at all time.
Finally, I express my profound gratitude to my Parent Alh. Adebayo Danjuma, Haj.
Muslimat (Aduke), Haj. Amudat and Falilat for their valuable support towards the
success of my educational pursuit. May Allah spare their lives so that they can eat
the fruit of their labour. Amin

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ABSTRACT
The number of schools, facilities and teachers available for basic education remain
inadequate for the eligible number of children and youths. This is more so in urban
areas where there is population pressure. Another challenge is a digital school map
of which shows the location, distribution of schools and other relevant information. At
present, such maps are not available in some Nigerian States. The research
determined the spatial distribution of public primary schools; compared the available
primary education facilities with the set UNESCO (1996), UBE (2004) and Reviewed
Kano Metropolitan Plan (1980); and assessed the qualification of teachers in public
primary schools in Birnin Kebbi Local Government Area. Global Positioning System
(GPS) receiver was used to obtain the coordinates (latitude and longitude) of the
public primary schools local government area. Also, the digital map of Kano State
served as a base map on which the positions of the schools were plotted. Data
pertaining to the population figures, pupil’s enrolment, number of classrooms and
teaching personnel in each of the schools were sourced from the records of the
various schools. The data analysis was carried out with ArcGis 10.1 (version)
software. The tool of analysis (Nearest Neighbour) was used to analyze the pattern
of distribution and the result shows the value of Rn = 3.251339 which is dispersed.
2km Buffer (service radius) was generated and the result shows that the entire Birnin
Kebbi Local Government Area of Kebbi is fully served. The ratio of classroom-pupils
is 1:112 and teacher-pupils is 1:44 in the area in which is far below the UNESCO
(1996) recommended figure of 1:25 teacher/classroom per pupils. In related
development, majority of the teacher’s acquired NCE certificate (69%), while the
least is MSC certificate (0.2%). About 52% of the teachers are females, while 48%
are male teachers. The study concluded that, the end of Geographic Information
System (GIS) will be part of an Education Decision Support System that provides the
map of the study area with focus on the school locations and all related information
to assist government in either expanding current schools suggesting sites for new
schools in the study area and also for students and resources location/allocation. It is
recommended that, government should provide additional classrooms and teachers
with teaching qualifications. In addition, courses and other appropriate facilities
should be so designed as to enable teachers to improve their qualifications. Also,
population figure is also recommended within the state metropolitan area in the
provision of public primary schools. Additional classrooms should be constructed
within the premises of each school. This will save the government from paying high
compensation to the affected land owners in case of school expansion is required.
Vertical approach (multi storey) buildings should be employed.

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TABLE OF CONTENT
Page Cover - - - - - - - - - - i
Title Page - - - - - - - - - - ii
Project Certification - - - - - - - - - iii
Supervisor Certification - - - - - - - - iv
Certification - - - - - - - - - - v
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - vi
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - vii
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - viii
Table of Content - - - - - - - - - ix
List of Figures - - - - - - - - - xi
List of Table - - - - - - - - - xii
Appendixes - - - - - - - - - - xiii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Background to the Study - - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem - - - - - 7
1.3 Aim and Objectives of Study - - - - - - 7
1.4 Justification for the Study- - - - - - - - 7
1.5 Scope and Limitation - - - - - - - 8
1.6 Study Area - - - - - - - - - 8
1.7 Significance of the Study - - - - - - - 9
1.8 Geospatial Analysis - - - - - - - - 9
1.9 Planning of the Project - - - - - - - - 10
1.10 Operational Definition of Terms - - - - - - 10
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Literature Review - - - - - - - - 13
2.2 Primary Education - - - - - - - - 13
2.3 National Policy on Education - - - - - - 14
2.4 Universal Basic Education Statement - - - - - 17
2.5 Laws and Other Basic Regulations Concerning Education in Nigeria- 17
2.6 The State Of Education in Nigeria of the Nation - - - - 19
2.7 Further Education for Teachers - - - - - - 19
2.8 Standards - - - - - - - - - 19
2.9 School Mapping (SM) - - - - - - - 20
2.10 Geographic Information System (GIS) - - - - - 21

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2.11 Related Study - - - - - - - - 22
2.12 Distribution of Schools - - - - - - - 23
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Data Sources, Acquisition and Process - - - - - 25
3.2 Data Acquisition - - - - - - - - 25
3.3 Materials/Equipment Used - - - - - - - 26
3.4 Geo-referencing - - - - - - - - 28
3.5 Digitizing - - - - - - - - - 28
3.6 Procedure of Creating Layers - - - - - - 29
3.7 Map of Layers Created - - - - - - - 30
3.8 Operation Involve in Creating Attribute Table and Linkage - - 31
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Data Processing - - - - - - - - 33
4.2 Data Analysis - - - - - - - - 33
4.3 Data Presentation - - - - - - - - 33
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - - 36
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - 36
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - - 37
Reference - - - - - - - - - 38
Appendix I - - - - - - - - - 42
Appendix II - - - - - - - - - 49
Appendix III - - - - - - - - - 50

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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 1: The Study Area Birnin Kebbi Local Government Area - - - 12
Fig. 2: Flow Chart Diagram- - - - - - - - 27
Fig. 3: Digitized of the Area under Study - - - - - 29
Fig. 4: Procedure of Creating a Layer - - - - - 30
Fig. 5 Procedure of Creating Attribute Table - - - - - 31
Fig.6: Procedure of Creating Buffer. - - - - - - 31
Fig 7: Query Showing the Information of Each Primary School - - 34
Fig 8: Query Showing the Name of Neighbourhood - - - - 34
Fig 9: Query Showing the Buffering of the Feature - - - - 35
Fig 10: Query Showing the Spatial Distribution of Primary Schools - - 35

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LIST OF TABLE
Table 1 Coordinates Used of Geo-Reference the Map - - - 26
Table 3 Attribute Data - - - - - - - 30

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APPENDIXES
Appendix 1: Showing the attribute data of Private Pri. Schools in Birnin Kebbi 42
Appendix 2: Showing the attribute data of Public Pri. Schools in Birnin Kebbi 47
Appendix 3: Instrument Used - - - - - - - 49
Appendix 4: Group picture - - - - - - - - 50