1. INTERNET PROTOCOLS

2. PROTOCOL
• It is a set of rules governing
communication within and between
computers on a network,

3. MAIN FUNCTIONS OF
PROTOCOLS
• Identifying Errors
• Compressing the data
• Deciding how the data should be
sent
• Addressing the data
• Deciding how to announce sent
and received data

4. COMMONLY USED
PROTOCOLS

5. IP ADDRESS
• Is a number that is used to identify
a device on the network. Each
device must have a UNIQUE IP
Address to communicate with
other devices.

6. • An IP Address consists of a series
of 32 binary bits (1s and 0s)
100000000000101100000011000111111
These 32 bits are grouped into four 8-bit
bytes called OCTETS

7. 100000000000101100000011000111111
First OCTET
128.11.3.31

8. PARTS OF AN IP ADDRESS
1. NETWORK ID
2. HOST ID

9. FOR EXAMPLE IF A HOST HAS AN IP
ADDRESS OF:
128.11.3.31
128.11.3. – is the Network ID
31 – is the Host ID

10. 5 CLASSES OF IP ADDRESS
IP
Classes
Purpose
Class A Used for large networks, implemented by large
companies and some countries
Class B Used for medium-sized networks, implemented by
universities
Class C Used for small networks, implemented by ISPs for
customer subscriptions
Class D Used for special use for multicasting
Class E Used for experimental testing

11. CLASS FIRST BYTE DEFAULT SUBNET MASK
CLASS A 0 to 127 255.0.0.0
CLASS B 128 to 191 255.255.0.0
CLASS C 192 to 223 255.255.255.0
CLASS D 224 to 239
CLASS E 240 to 255

12. EXAMPLE
Find the class of each address:
1. 227.12.14.87
2.193.14.56.22
3.14.23.120.8
4. 252.5.15.111
5.134.11.78.56

13. SOLUTION
1. 227.12.14.87
The first byte is 227 (between 224 and
239); the class is D.

14. IP CONFIG COMMAND
It is a command used to find out the
IP address of a certain network
you are connected to.

15. HOW TO USE ipconfig command?