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Justin Hayward
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www.hvm-uk.com 2014 Talk at HVM Graphene+ Oxford
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Hvmg14okendrick1
1.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Dr. Emma Kendrick Sharp Laboratories Europe The use of carbon in next generation battery technologies HVM Graphene+ 2014 Conference Oxford, UK 15 May www.hvm-uk.com
2.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Sharp Laboratories of Europe Established: February 1990, The first overseas R&D base of Sharp Corporation Location: Oxford Science Park, U.K. ~80 staff members, mainly scientists and engineers from ~16 countries Patents Filed >600 Work at SLE has two aims: To carry out research where SLE has special expertise To help Sharp businesses develop products for Europe Slide 2© 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe
3.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of EuropeHealth and Energy Technology Group | Sharp Laboratories of Europe© 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe SLE’s Main R&D Themes Energy & Environment Displays & Embedded SystemsHealth & Medical System Devices & Modules Leveraging Sharp TFT technology for new markets: • Point of care Lab on a chip • Blood cell counter • Protein chip • Ultrasound imaging Addressing the need for energy solutions, beyond solar panels, for both local fit & global markets: • PV-T heating & hot water • Low cost Energy Storage • Materials, water Purifier Expertise in optics and embedded systems. Continuing to support • Mobile and large area display. Recent work in • Robotics, • Body scanner • 3D printing. EDC Now part of SDE Technical support for device sales in Europe. Supporting Elecom device business in • LED • UV technology • GaN power device
4.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Contents Energy Storage Markets Lithium ion battery manufacture Use of Carbon in Batteries Conductive Additive Active Materials SHARP Labs of Europe R&D Slide 4© 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe
5.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe ※ The figures for the scale of the automotive market were estimated in 2011 from the company production plan and from 2012 estimated by Nomura Research Institute. (March 2010) ※ PC, mobile market scale figures estimated from Nomura report (Dec. 2010) ※ Provisional calculation of storage cell requirements for PV installations as storage cells: 3kWh to PV 1kW. Global Energy Storage Market Size Slide 5 £15B £41.7B
6.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Solar Domestic Electricity Generation Slide 6 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Power(W) Time of Day Power Requirement Generation (W) © 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe
7.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Lifetime cost analysis Slide 7 PbA - £150/KWh Li-ion Assumptions: Current Cell Prices, Mass Manufacture of Batteries © 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe
8.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Li-ion Batteries Slide 8
9.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Slide 9 Li-ion Cell - Discharging Electrolyte Copper Current Collector Aluminium Current Collector e- Li+ Li+ Li+ Li+ Li+ e- e- e- 2Li0.5CoO2 + Li+ + e- 2 LiCoO2C6Li C6 + Li+ + e- Cathode LiCoO2 Anode Graphite (C6) e-
10.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Slide 10 Li-ion Cell Construction Cathode: – Aluminium current collector – Double-sided composite: LiCoO2/carbon/PVDF Anode – Copper current collector – Double-sided composite: Graphite/carbon/PVDF Separator (porous PE) Electrolyte – Salt (LiPF6) + solvent Separator Aluminium Tag (cathode) Nickel Tag (anode) Laminated Pouch
11.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Electrode Manufacture Slide 11 Composite Mix Coating Drying Active Material Binder Solution Conductive Additive Pump / Hopper © 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe
12.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe USE OF CARBON IN BATTERIES Slide 12
13.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe© 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Summary of Electrode Properties 3-D electronic conductivity 3-D ionic conductivity Porosity Gravimetric and Volumetric Energy Densities Adhesion to Current Collector Slide 13 Considerations during Formulation Optimisation
14.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Composite Cathodes Slide 14 Timcal SuperP http://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?Articl eID=2315 Carbon Black Carbon Fibres Composite Cathode Active Cathode Material © 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe
15.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Effect of Formulation Composition ratio 1 2 3 4 5 NCA [wt. %] 84 84 84 84 84 Super P [wt. %] 0 2 4 6 8 SFG6 [wt. %] 8 6 4 2 0 PVdF [wt. %] 8 8 8 8 8 Slide 15 Table 3. Composite slurries with different content of conductive agents. Improve Electronic conductivity of electrode Increase porosity Optimise Performance Capacity and Rate Improve Life time Influence of Electrode Preparation on the Electrochemical Performance of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Composite Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries l Journal of Power Sources, In Press, Available online 21 March 2012, H.Tran, G. Greco, C. Täubert, M. Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, W. Haselrieder, A. Kwade © 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe
16.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Electrode Optimisation Slide 16 1st Cycle Loss 2C rate (Energy) AB A - Carbon B - PVDF © 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe
17.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Lithium Iron Phosphate LiFePO4 Electronic conductivity lower than those of mixed metal oxides Modification Reduction in particle size Pyrolytic carbon deposit Improved performance Cost 17 http://www.phostechlithium.com/prf_lifepower_e.php Space group Pnma a=10.329 Å, b=6.007 Å, c=4.692 Å Yamada, A.;Yashima, M. (2009) Nippon Kessho Gakkai-Shi 51, 175-181 PO4 F e Li © 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe
18.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Hard Carbon Anodes Higher Capacities Synthesis Routes Structure Optimisation Slide 18 Voltage profiles of hard carbon prepared by pyrolysis of sucrose in argon gas. Heat treatment temperatures are indicated Fig. 1. Plot of reversible capacity for lithium vs heat treatment temperature for a variety of carbon samples (open symbols, hardcarbons; solid symbols, soft carbons). These data are for the second charge–discharge cycle of lithium–carbon test cells. The three regions of commercial relevance are shown. This graph has been taken from the work of Dahn et al. © 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe
19.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe SHARP LABS R&D EXAMPLES Slide 19
20.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe© 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Innovative Nanoporous Carbon Materials for Energy Storage Applications Large Scale production of Carbon materials Renewable Low cost Precursors Controllable properties for Electrochemical energy applications Slide 20 MAST Carbon will use their controlled carbonisation technology to convert the cellulose-based precursors to carbon materials for JM, Sharp and Axeon to evaluate.
21.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe© 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Carbon in Electrochemical Energy Storage Carbon Anode – Commercial Material Slide 21
22.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe© 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Commercial material base line Cathode Full Cell Slide 22
23.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe LiCoO2 vs Graphite (battery chemistry) Replacement of Largest Cost Components of LIB with NIB alternatives • Cathode (LiCoO2) • Anode (graphite) • Electrolyte Co=$70/Kg-2008 Takeshita Tutorial 2009 – Market Update on NiMH, Li Ion & Polymer Batteries Sodium Cost < Lithium Cost Lower Cost, Higher Energy Density, Drop-in Technology to existing LIB manufacturing lines Material cost analysis : 18650 (Standard cylindrical cell) LIB Replacement - Cost © 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe
24.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe© 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe DECC : Low Cost Residential ES Slide 24 https://www.gov.uk/government/news/5-million-boost-for-energy-storage- innovation?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=press-release-5- million-boost-for-energy-storage-innovation Sodium ion Battery Development NIB Full Cell Data New Materials for Anode and Cathode Na2Fe(SO4)2
25.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of EuropeHealth and Energy Technology Group | Sharp Laboratories of Europe© 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Electrode and Cell Optimisation Slide 25 Signature Curve Cycling - Cathode Electrode Optimisation - Anode Electrode Optimisation - Cell Construction - Electrolyte type and Quantity - Cell Balancing High Performance Full Cell LIB
26.
© 2014 Energy
and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe Conclusions Energy Storage Markets Lithium ion battery manufacture Use of Carbon in Batteries Conductive Additive Active Materials SHARP Labs of Europe R&D Many types of carbon which offer different Benefits and Roles Slide 26© 2014 Energy and Environment | Sharp Laboratories of Europe
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