concept and trends

1. CONCEPT &TRENDS

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 Guidance & counselling are twin concepts &
have emerged as essential elements of every
educational activity.
 Guidance & counselling are not synonymous term.
Counselling is a part of guidance.
 Guidance,in educational context, means to indicate,
point out, show the way,lead out & direct.
 Counselling is a specialized service of guidance. It
is the process of helping individuals learn more
about themselves & their present & possible future
situations to make a substantial contribution to the
society.

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 Guidance is an assistance made available by a
competent counselor to an individual of any age to
help him direct his own life, develop his own point
of view,make his own decision & carry his own
burden.
- Hamrin & Erikson
 Guidance is a process of helping every individual,
through his own effort to discover & develop his
potentialities for his personal happiness & social
usefulness.
- Ruth Strang

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 Counseling is essentially a process in which
the counselor assists the counselee to make
interpretations of facts relating to a choice,
planor adjustment which he needs to make.
- Glenn F.Smith
 Counseling is a series of direct contacts with
the individual which aims to offer him
assistance in changing his attitude &
behaviors.
- Carl Rogers

5.  Guidance is a process of helping every individual,
through his own efforts, to discover and develop his
potentialities for his personal happiness and social
usefulness.
 Guidance refers to the helping the students to make
more favorable adjustment.
 Guidance is, in fact, an individualized education
which aims at helping the students to develop
themselves to the maximum possible degree in all
respects.
 Guidance is a process and technique through which a
person is able to receive help needed in solving his
personal and other problems.
 Guidance is a process through which an individual is
able to solve his problems and pursue a path suited
to his abilities and aspirations.

6.  Guidance refers to assisting the individual to
choose prepare for, enter upon, and progress
in courses of action pertaining to the
educational, vocational, recreational and
community service groups of human
activities.
 Guidance is an understanding a person and
making him understand himself, so that he
may bring about in himself and in his
environment such changes through which his
proper development becomes possible.

7.  Guidance involves personal help given by
someone; it is designed to assist, a person in
deciding where he wants to go, what he wants to
do and how he can best accomplish his purposes.
 Guidance is a continuous process for a favorable
directional influence upon appropriate social
behavior, personal effectiveness in every day
affairs, academic competence and assimilation
of right values and attitudes.
 Guidance is an assistance made available
personally qualified and adequately trained men
or women to an individual of any age to help him
manage his own life activities, develop his own
point of views; make his own decisions and carry
his own burdens.

8.  Counseling is a scientific process of assistance
extended by an expert in an individual situation to a
needy person. Counseling involves relationship
between two persons in which one of them
(counselor) attempts to assist the other (counselee or
client) is so organizing himself as to attain a
particular form of happiness, adjusting to a life
situation or in short self actualization. It is a
relationship of natural respect between counselor
and counselee .In this private interview counselee
acquires independence and develop a sense of
responsibility. Counseling process is structured
around the felt needs of the counselee.
The main objective of counseling is to bring about a
voluntary change in client.

9.  For this purpose, the counselor provides facilities to
help achieve the desired change or make the suitable
choice. The client alone is responsible for the
decisions or the choice he makes, though the
counselor may assist in this process by his warmth
and understanding relationship. Thus counselor helps
counselee to discover and solve his personal problems
independently. .
Counseling and guidance are not synonymous terms.
Guidance is a relatively more comprehensive process
which includes counseling as one of its functions.
Counseling is a pat of guidance, not all of it. It is a
specialized and individualized part of total guidance
process. Thus all counseling is guidance but all
guidance is not counseling.

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According to Crow and Crow:
All-round development of individuals
Principles of individual differences
Guidance is related to every aspect of
life Cooperating among persons
Guidance is a continuous & lifelong
process Guidance for all
Principles of elaboration
Responsibility of teachers &
parents Flexibility
Principles of evaluation
Guidance by a trained
person
Principle of periodic appraisalwww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.c

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According to Hollies and Hollies:
The dignity of the individual is supreme.
Each individual is different from every other individual.
The primary concern of guidance is the individual, in his
social setting.
The attitude & personal perceptions of the individual are the
basis on which he acts.
The individual generally acts to enhance his
perceived self. The individual has the innate ability
to learn.
the individual needs a continuous guidance process from
early
childhood through adulthood.
Each individual may need the information & personalizedwww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.c

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I. Needs for personal & social domain
 Personal & social development of individual
 To adapt in different stages ofdevelopment
 Offering art of better living
 Proper use of leisure time
 Holistic personality development
 Best use of available opportunities
 Motivates for effective utilization &
development of self

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II. Needs for educational/professional domain
 Helps in academic growth & development
 Helps in vocational & professional maturity
 Facilitates an individual in the right education &
profession
 Offer help to handle educational & professional
situations
 Helps in the proper utilization of human resources
 Helps in adapting to the changing concept of
education
 Prepares to adapt in changing professional
situations & emerging challenges
 Helps in making proper career choice

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 Tohelp students adjusting with the new environment of
the nursing institute.
 Tohelp in developing qualities required for a successful
for a nursing practice.
 Tohelp students in getting adjusted with the
clinical environment.
 Tohelp students keeping in touch with the latest
trends in nursing
 Tohelp students in developing positive learning
habits, especially skill learning
 Tohelp in the development of appropriate coping
straggles in
order to deal with stress in a productive manner

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 Tohelp nursing students in establishing proper identity.
 Tohelp them to develop a positive attitude towards life.
 Tohelp to overcome periods of turmoil & confusion.
 Tohelp students in developing their leadership qualities.
 Tomotivate them for taking membership in
professional organizations after competing their
studies.
 Helps them to make advantages of technological
advancement in a patient care.
 Helps them to readiness for changes & face challenges
 Tocarryout responsibilities as a health team member
 Helps them to proper selection of career
 Motivate them for higher studies.

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www.drja
GUIDANCE COUNSELLING
Intellectual attitudes are
the raw material of
guidance
Emotional rather than
pure intellectual attitude
are raw material of the
counselling process.
Decision making is
operable at an
intellectual level in
guidance
Counselling operates at
an emotional level
Guidance is generally
education & career related
& may also be for
Counselling is mostly
offered for personal &
social issues.

17. PURPOSES OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
• Providing the needed information & assistance
• Helping in individual to make wise choices
• Improve the understanding of self
• Facilitate the adjustment
• Helps in adapting to the changes or new
environment
• Making self-sufficient & independent
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18. PURPOSES OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
• Efficient use of capabilities & talent
• Promote the optimal personal &
professional development
• Balanced physical, psychological, emotional,
social & spiritual growth
• Helps in overall development & to live productive
life
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19. CHARACTERISTICS OF GUIDANCE
It is process
It is a continuous process
Choice & problem points are the
distinctive concerns of guidance
It is the assistance to the individual in the
process of development rather than a
direction of that development
Guidance is a service meant for all
Guidance is both generalized & a
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20. Cont…
Guidance is an organized service &
not an incidental activity of the school.
Guidance is not a branch of any
discipline Guidance has limits
Guidance is more an art than science
Guidance has its roots in the education
system
Guidance is centered around the
needs & aspirations of students.
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21. CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNSELLING
Counselling involves two individuals-one seeking
help & the other a professionally trained person
who can help the first.
There should be a relationship of mutual
respect between the two individuals.
Counselling is aimed at bringing about desired
changes in the individual for self-realisation &
providing assistance to solve problems through an
intimate personal relationship.
The counselor discovers the problems of the
counselee & help him to set up realistic goals
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If counselee is a student, counselling helpshim to
take a decision, make a choice or find a direction
in matters related to an educational programme or
career.
It helps the counselee acquire independence &
developa sense of responsibility.
It is more than advice giving.
It involves something more than offering an
assistance to find a solution to an immediate
problems.
Counselling is democratic.
Counselling concerns itself with attitudes as well as
actions Counselling is centered around the needs &www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.c
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Scarcity of qualified & competent counselors
Lack of awareness about needs & resources of
counselling Minimal procounselling environment
Lack of counselling training for nurse/nursing faculty
Poor organizational set-up for counselling
services Lack of interest & initiatives for
counselling services
Poor counsellor-counselee ratio
Lack of funds for counselling
services
Noncompliance with counselling interventions
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24. • More adequate training of guidance personnel
• Making it an all faculty function
• Cooperation between guidance personnel and class teachers
• A counselor and client can communicate via e-mail or video
chat.
• Online discussion forums and chat rooms allow counselors to
reach large groups of people.
• Counselors publish helpful articles online for the masses to
access at all hours.
• Search engines assist clients to identify and contact the right
practitioners.

25.  Diversity of culture, religious or spiritual orientation,
gender identity, and physical disabilities are some of
the issues that require knowledge and in-depth
understanding.
 A major trend in education is the demand for
accountability and evaluation
 The field of counseling is the focus prevention instead
of remediation .The school, community, and families
are requesting assistance in preventing students from
being involve in many difficulties.

26.  Student centered strategies to improve
performance
 Appointment of Active Student Advisers,
Mentors or Proctors
 Diagnosing and Tracking Student Performance
and Attendance
 Efforts to help students deal with specific
academic weaknesses can involve
improvements in teacher practices in the
classroom – of which many examples are
given in the next section, and/or be focused
on the weak students

27.  It is mainly oriented towards helping
students to improve their study habits,
improve their adjustment in the clinical area
,reducing stress, etc.
 It serves as a source of ideas and
recommendations to be submitted to
appropriate bodies.

28.  Enhancing English and Communication and
Presentation Skills
 Updating Domain Knowledge
 Enhancing classroom and teaching practices
 Peer grouping

29.  Determine cognitive potential
 Identification of Specific Learning Disabilities
 Assessment of attention, concentration,
hyperactivity, and impulsivity
 Provide recommendations and strategies
 Counsel and guidance provided for parents
and/or guardians

30.  Sharma Dinesh ,”Communication &
educational technology” Lotus publishers,
2nd edition PP-75-91
Gupta Sanjay, ”A textbook of nursing
education” Kumar Publishers ,1st edition PP
361-386