1. Late Antiquity and Early Christianity

3. Move away from polytheism and rise of monotheistic cults (such as the cults of Mithras and Christianity)

4. Persecution of Christians, particularly under Emperor Diocletian (284-305)

6. Ruins and city wall, Dura Europos

7. The palace and citadel of Dura Europos Temple of Bel

8. Temple of Adonis (foreground) and 3rd-century synagogue (in the back by the wall)

9. 3rd-century synagogue

10. Fortification of Dura’s city walls in 256 preparing for Sasanian attack

11. Discovery and excavation of synagogue, Dura Europos, in the 1930s

13. Dura Europos synagogue, with wall paints of Old Testament themes. Early 3rd century

14. Dura Europos synagogue: David anointed by Samuel, Early 3rd century

15. Fresco of Moses as a baby rescued from the bullrushes of the Nile river in Egypt Narrative traditions in art at Dura Europos synagogue, 3rd century Fresco of Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt (Exodus): pursuit of Egyptian armies, parting of the Red Sea, and destruction of Egyptian armies

16. Church at Dura Europos

17. Baptistery

18. 3rd-century Baptistry at Dura Europos

19. Dura Europos: 2nd-century Mithraeum, with relief showing Mithras’ ritualistic slaying of a bull

20. Mediterranean world in Late Antiquity

21. Roman Catacombs Left: loculi carved out of the tufa rock Right: Pagan cubiculum with an arcosolium, 3rd century

22. Roman Catacombs: Christian cubiculum with painted fresco ceiling showing Christ as the Shepherd, orant figures, the story of Jonah and personifications of the four winds. Catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcellinus, Rome, early 4th cent. Detail of Christ as the Good Shepherd, Catacomb of San Callisto, early 4th century

24. Jonah Sarcophagus, Rome, 3rd century Lateran museum, Vatican

25. Sarcophagus of JuniusBasius, Rome, 359

26. Christ seated, from Civita Latina, ca. 350