4. INTRODUCTION
The heart is the vital organ
that pumps blood and it
three layers which are
endocardium, myocardium
and pericardium.
Endocarditis is the
inflammation of the inner
layer of the heart. It usually
involves the valves and other
structures like the
intraventricular and septum.
5. ETIOLOGY
MICROORGANISM
● FUNGUS:
Candida,
Aspergillus
● Gram -ve org:
Pseudomonas
● BACTERIA:
Staphylococci
ACUTE
RHEUMATIC
FEVER
Which causes
enlargement and
tender lymph nodes,
damages the valves
CONGENITAL
HEART DISEASE
a problem with the
structure of the
heart
6. Some of main risk factors
are:
● Previous Heart Damage
● Dental procedures which lead to
infection
● Heart surgery
● Procedure like enemas, barium,
sigmoidoscopy, catheterisation, and
cystoscopy.
● Reproductive condition like delivery of
new babies, abortions and pelvic
inflammatory disease.
RISK FACTORS
7. Then they accumulate in the valves of the heart
Finally they form vegetations or crusters
These vegetation lead into damage heart valves by perforating and
deforming the valves leaflets
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Usually in this case the bacterias or any other causing agents
enter the bloodstream through invasive procedures like Dental
procedures, surgery and Catheterization
This at the end leads to tearing which means there is poor flow of
blood and lead into accumulation of blood in chamber of heart hence
ENDOCARDITIS
8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
SKIN
● Osler’s node
● Janeway lesions
● Splinter
hemorrhages
COMMON
● Elevated
temperature
● Tachycardia
● Clubbing
CVS
● Arrhythmias
● New or changing
murmur
● Heart failure
9. DIAGNOSIS
COMPUTERIZED
TOMOGRAPHY
Rule out heart
damage
ENDO
ECHOCARDIOGRA
PHY
For valvular and
ventricular functions
and presence of
vegetation
WHITE BLOOD
CELL
Evaluate course of
Infection
BLOOD CULTURE
Testing the presence of
microorganisms
URINALYSIS
To see microscopic
hematuria
DOPPLER
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
Assist by
demonstrating a
muscle on the valve
10. NURSING
ASSESSMENT
● It includes taking History Collection as follows;
● SUBJECTIVE DATA
● Past medical history: By asking the signs
and onset of the disease and review with the
history of cardiac failure, shock
● Medical History: By asking whether patient
has taken any medication before and has
any allergic reaction to medications.
● Family History: Ask for any similar cases in
the family
● Social History: if ever operated.
11. NURSING ASSESSMENT
● OBJECTIVE DATA
● Assess for temperature
elevation
● Heart murmur
● Evidence of cough
● Peripheral edema and
embolism
● Auscultate for heart sounds
1. Monitor: ABG
2. Rapid pulse rate
3. Dyspnea
4. Restlessness and
5. Manifestation of Heart
Failure.
13. NURSING
DIAGNOSIS
● Ineffective breathing pattern related to
inflammation of heart muscles as evidence by
use of accessory muscles, dyspnea
● Impaired gaseous exchange related to fluid
accumulation in the lungs as evidenced by
shortness of breath.
● Decreased cardiac output related to valvular
dysfunction as evidenced by poor tissue
perfusion
● Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirement
related to anorexia as evidenced by loss of
weight.
● Anxiety related to hypoxia or life threatening
situation as evidenced by patient’s verbalization.
14. ● Position the patient in semi fowler's position (to
promote lung expansion)
● Administer oxygen therapy 4-6 litres/min (help
patient breath effectively)
● Monitor ABG, CO2, Oxygen saturation (to monitor
the signs of respiratory acidosis)
● Encourage and provide small frequent meals
enriched with protein (to repair worn out tissues)
● Provide Tepid sponge(to reduce temperature).
● Encourage the patient on exercise (to improve
mobility)
● Educate the patient about the disease condition
(cope up from condition).
NURSING MANAGEMENT
15. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
● Administer oxygen therapy 4-6 litres/min (in helping the patient to get
supplemented enough with oxygen).
● Administer antibiotic treatment like ( ampicillin + flucloxacillin +
Gentamicin )
● Administer analgesic as pain reliever
● Administer inotropic drugs like digoxin that helps in increasing
contractility
● The patient can also be administered with morphine in order to reduce
anxiety.
18. CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon,
and infographics & images by Freepik.
THANKS!
Reference:
● PAUL O'NEILL (2012), MASTER MEDICINE. 2nd
Edition
● LINTON (2007). INTRO. TO MED-SURG NURSING
4th Edition
● S.Lewis, M.Heitkemper, S.Dirksen, P.O'brien (2007)
Medical Surgical Nursing; Assessment and
management of Clinical Problems 7th ed Mosby
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